2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit6Earthfirst预习新知早知道1教案外研版必修第二册

PAGE6-Unit6EarthfirstⅠ.匹配词义a．单词匹配()1.shark A．v.把……作为目标()2.dive B．n.(鲨)鱼()3.target C．v.(通常指运用呼吸设备的)潜水[答案]1－3BCAb．短语匹配()1.infear A．因为，由于()2.bescared/frightened/afraidof B．对……有……影响()3.dueto C．把……看作()4.cutoff D．胆怯 ……()5.havea(n)．．．effecton E．胆怯 地()6.bebasedon F．错误地()7eacross G．以……为基础()8.see．．．as H．而不是()9.ratherthan I．切掉，砍掉()10.bymistake J．偶遇，偶然发觉[答案]1－5EDAIB6－10GJCHFⅡ.默写单词1．scarev． 使(某人)惊恐，恐吓2．fortunatelyadv. 幸运地3．extinctionn. 灭亡，绝种4．attituden. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的 一般)看法，看法Ⅰ.语境填词shark，target，attitude1．Suchapositiveattitudetowardslifecanbehelpfulinliftingyourspirits.2．Onlybyworkinghardcanyouachieveyourtarget．3．Mostpeoplefailtorealizethatsharkattacksdon'thappenveryoften.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Thediver(dive)wentintothedeepwaterbeyondthedangerlimit.2．Iwasscared(scare)todeath.3．Theboatsankquicklybutfortunately(fortunate)everyonewasrescued.4．Inaword，wemusttakesomemeasurestopreventrareanimalsfromextinction(extinct)．1．Thisistheopeningscenefromthe1975filmJaws，showingasharkattack.这是1975年上映的电影《大白鲨》的起先场景，展示了鲨鱼的攻击。2．FinningwouldhaveanunexpectedeffectuponPeterBenchley，themanwhowrotethebookthefilmJawswasbasedon.割鳍可能对彼得·本奇利产生了意想不到的影响。此人写了《大白鲨》，电影《大白鲨》就是以该书为蓝本。3．Hecametoseepeopleasadangertosharks，ratherthantheotherwayround.他起先认为人类对鲨鱼是一种威逼，而不是鲨鱼对人类是威逼。4．Expertshaveprovedthatsharksdonotseepeopleasfood，andtheyattackusbymistake.专家们已经证明，鲨鱼并不把人当作食物，它们不过是误袭我们。名师圈点①sharkn．鲨鱼②surfacev．升到水面，浮出水面③infear胆怯 地④asuccess一个胜利的人或一件胜利的事※success作不行数名词时，意为“胜利”⑤awardn．奖，奖品，奖金⑥strengthenv．加强，巩固⑦scaredv．使(某人)惊恐，恐吓※bescaredof胆怯 ⑧makethingsworse使事情更糟糕⑨frightenedadj.胆怯 的，受惊的※befrightenedof胆怯 ⑩stopdoingsth.停止做某事⑪(be)afraidof胆怯 ⑫thenumberof……的数量※anumberof大量的⑬dueto由于，因为⑭finv．切去(鱼的)鳍n．鱼鳍⑮cutoff切掉，砍掉⑯millionsof数以百万计的※hundredsof数以百计的※thousandsof数以千计的⑰haveaneffecton/upon对……有……影响⑱bebasedon以……为基础⑲divev．(通常指运用呼吸设备的)潜水⑳comeacross偶遇eq\o(○,\s\up2(21))becoveredwith被……覆盖eq\o(○,\s\up2(22))see．．．as把……看作eq\o(○,\s\up2(23))ratherthan而不是eq\o(○,\s\up2(24))theotherwayround相反，反过来eq\o(○,\s\up2(25))fromthatdayon从那天起eq\o(○,\s\up2(26))targetv．把……作为目标n．目标，靶子，对象eq\o(○,\s\up2(27))bymistake错误地，弄错eq\o(○,\s\up2(28))fortunatelyadv.幸运地eq\o(○,\s\up2(29))became/beinterestedin对……感爱好eq\o(○,\s\up2(30))extinctionn．灭亡，绝种原文呈现SHARKS①：DANGEROUSORENDANGERED?Weseeawomanswimming[1]atnightinadarksea.Suddenly，sheispulledunderwater.Shesurfaces②，criesinfear③，thendisappearsforever.Thisistheopeningscenefromthe1975filmJaws，showingasharkattack[2]．Ittellsthestoryofagreatwhitesharkthatattacksandkillsswimmers[3]．Jawswasagreatsuccess④，attractinghugeaudiencesandwinningmanyawards⑤[4]．Itstrengthened⑥people'slong­heldideaofthegreatwhitesharkasadangerousanimal.[1]seeawomanswimming为感官动词后加现在分词作宾补，意为“看到某人正在做某事”。[2]showingasharkattack为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰openingscene。[3]thatattacksandkillsswimmers为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词shark。[4]attractinghugeaudiencesandwinningmanyawards为两个并列的现在分词短语作定语，修饰success。Peoplehavealwaysbeenscared⑦ofsharks，butJawsmadethingsworse⑧.Itmadepeoplefrightened⑨[5]ofsharks，especiallyofthegreatwhiteshark.Manypeoplewhosawthefilm[6]startedtobelievethatsharkswerebadanimalsthatatehumans[7]．Somepeoplestoppedswimming⑩inthesea，afraidof⑪thehorriblecreaturefromthefilm.Otherpeoplestartedfishingforsharks，killingasmanyastheycould[8]．Atthattime，nobodycaredifsharkswerekilled，orhowmanywerekilled.Peoplejustwantedthemkilled[9]．[5]madepeoplefrightened是“make＋宾语＋宾补”的结构。[6]whosawthefilm为定语从句修饰先行词people。[7]thatatehumans为定语从句修饰先行词animals。[8]killingasmanyastheycould为现在分词短语作结果状语。[9]wantedthemkilled为动词后加复合宾语，过去分词killed作宾补。After1975，thenumberof⑫largesharksaroundAmericafellquickly，andsoonfellaroundtheworld.Thiswasnotonlydueto⑬fearofsharks，butalsofinning⑭[10]．Finningisatypeoffishingwheresharksarecaughtandtheirfinscutoff⑮.[11]Thesharksarethrownbackintotheseawheretheydieslowlyandpainfully.Thefinsareusedinsharkfinsoup.Finningkillsmillionsof⑯sharksayear.[10]本句含有notonly．．．butalso．．．意为“不仅……，而且……”，连接两个并列成分。[11]本句中动名词finning作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；wheresharksarecaught．．．为定语从句修饰atypeoffishing。Finningwouldhaveanunexpectedeffectupon⑰PeterBenchley，themanwhowrotethebookthefilmJawswasbasedon⑱.[12]In1980，Benchleywasdiving⑲when[13]hecameacross⑳anawfulsight.Itwasanareawherefishermenwerefinning，andtheseafloorwascoveredwitheq\o\ac(○,21)deadsharks[14]．Benchleysawsharksbeingkilledandthiscausedadeepchangeinhim.Hecametoseepeopleaseq\o\ac(○,22)adangertosharks，ratherthaneq\o\ac(○,23)theotherwayroundeq\o\ac(○,24).Fromthatdayon，eq\o\ac(○,25)hefoughttoprotectsharks.Headmittedthathisbookwaswrongaboutsharks'behaviour[15]．“Sharksdon'ttargeteq\o\ac(○,26)humans，”hesaid.Expertshaveprovedthatsharksdonotseepeopleasfood，andtheyattackusbymistakeeq\o\ac(○,27)[16]．Onlyaroundsixpeoplearekilledbysharkseveryyear.[12]本句为复合句。theman与PeterBenchley为同位语，其后who引导的定语从句修饰先行词theman，而thebook后为省略关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词thebook。[13]本句句式为bedoingsth.when．．．，其中when为并列连词。[14]wherefishermenwerefinning．．．为定语从句修饰先行词area。[15]thathisbookwaswrongaboutsharks'behaviour为that引导的宾语从句作admitted的宾语。[16]thatsharksdonotseepeople．．．bymistake为that引导的宾语从句作haveproved的宾语。Fortunatelyeq\o\ac(○,28)，noteveryonewhowatchedthefilmJawsbecameafraidofsharks[17]—somebecameinterestedineq\o\ac(○,29)understandingthem.Today，aswelearnmoreaboutsharks[18]，morepeoplethaneverwanttoprotectthemfromextinctioneq\o\ac(○,30).[17]noteveryone表示部分否定；whowatchedthefilmJaws为定语从句修饰先行词everyone。[18]aswelearnmoreaboutsharks是as引导的时间状语从句，as表示“随着”。译文参考鲨鱼：危急还是濒危？我们看到一个女人晚上在漆黑的海里游泳。突然，她被拖到了水下。她浮出了水面，恐惊地大哭，然后恒久消逝了。这是1975年上映的电影《大白鲨》的起先场景，展示了鲨鱼的攻击。它讲解并描述了一