2024-2025学年高中英语Module4GreatScientistsSectionⅢGrammar学案含解析外研版必修4

PAGEModule4GreatScientistseq\o(\s\up7(SectionⅢ),\s\do5())eq\o(\s\up7(Grammar),\s\do5())表一：被动语态的构成表二：被动语态的用法被动语态的用法巧记谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要；突出承受者或礼貌，用被动语态错不了。被动不离“be”“pp.”，pp.前面助动be。主谓一样莫遗忘，句中时态要留意。表三：by的用法【例1】Ifnothing________(do),theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.【解析】nothing与do之间为被动关系，故用被动语态形式。主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。【答案】isdone【例2】—Sowhatistheprocedure?—Alltheapplicants________(interviewed)beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.【解析】Alltheapplicants与interview之间为被动关系，故用被动语态形式，依据问句时态可知，用一般现在时的被动语态。【答案】areinterviewed【例3】Weareconfidentthattheenvironment________(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.【解析】句意：我们很自信，通过我们进一步实施减轻环境污染的措施，环境将会被改善。从句中有further，所以用将来时的被动语态。【答案】willbeimproved【例4】Thelettersfortheboss______(put)onhisdeskbuthedidn'treadthemuntilthreedayslater.【解析】letters与put之间为被动关系，故用被动语态形式。【答案】wereput【例5】Afterschoolwewenttothereading­roomtodosomereading，onlytobetoldthatit________(decorate)．【解析】thereading­room与decorate之间为被动关系，故用被动语态形式，表示过去特定的时间在发生的事用过去进行时。【答案】wasbeingdecorated【例6】—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes，fortunatelynoone________(hurt)．【解析】noone与hurt之间为被动关系，且发生在过去。【答案】washurt【例7】Don'tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow________(repay)laterinlife.【解析】依据句意laterinlife指将来，故用一般将来时的被动语态形式。【答案】willberepaid【例8】Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse________(rebuilt)．【解析】forthemoment与现在进行时连用。【答案】isbeingrebuilt写作专项突破人物传记——莫泊桑【题目要求】请依据以下提示，写一篇英语短文，介绍一下法国著名作家莫泊桑(GuydeMaupassant)。历史地位19世纪法国最著名作家之一，法国历史上最宏大的短篇小说家，被誉为“短篇小说之王”主要经验1850年8月5日诞生于法国西北部诺曼底(Normandy)。学生时代起先写小说，30多岁成名，43岁时因病去世成就一生共写了6部长篇小说，300多篇中短篇小说代表作短篇小说《我的叔叔于勒》(MyUncleJules)、《项链》(TheNecklace)，长篇小说《美丽挚友》(PrettyFriends)等留意：1.可适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯；2．100词左右。参考词汇：中篇小说novelette一、构思谋篇二、关键词语最宏大的短篇小说家thegreatestshortstorywriter被誉为bepraisedas成名becomewell­known在某人三十多岁时inone'sthirties在……岁时attheageof...因为becauseof三、连词成句1．莫泊桑被认为是法国历史上最宏大的短篇小说家。GuydeMaupassantisconsideredasthegreatestshortstorywriterintheFrenchhistory.2．他因在这一领域的巨大成就而被誉为“短篇小说之王”。Heispraisedas“thekingofshortstories”forhisgreatachievementsinthisfield.3．他学生时代起先写小说，30多岁成名。Whenhewasastudent,hebegantowritestoriesandbecamewell­knowninhisthirties.4．他43岁时因病去世。Hediedattheageof43becauseofillness.四、连句成篇①GuydeMaupassantwasoneofthemostfamousFrenchwritersofthenineteenthcentury,whoisconsideredasthegreatestshortstorywriterintheFrenchhistory.He②ispraisedas“thekingofshortstories”forhisgreatachievementsinthisfield.HewasborninNormandyinthenorthwestofFranceonAugust5th,1850.③Whenhewasastudent，hebegantowritestoriesand④becamewell­known⑤inhisthirties．Hedied⑥attheageof43⑦becauseofillness.Inhiswholelife,hewrotesixnovelsandmorethanthreehundrednovelettesandshortstories.Hisbest­knownshortstoriesincludeMyUncleJulesandTheNecklaceandPrettyFriendsishismostfamousnovel.【亮点点评】亮点一：本文是一篇介绍莫泊桑的人物传记，主要从历史地位、主要经验、成就和代表作三个方面高度概括了这位宏大的法国作家的一生。语言简洁，结构严谨，层次分明。亮点二：文章多处运用了被动语态、并列句和复合句，显示出作者具有肯定的语言功底。如①句就是一个主从复合句，其中包含了who引导的表示被动意义的非限制性定语从句；③是由when引导的时间状语从句等。亮点三：②bepraisedas，④becomewell­known，⑤inone'sthirties，⑥attheageof和⑦becauseof等短语的娴熟运用也表明作者对词汇有很好的驾驭。单元要点回顾Ⅰ.重点单词1．stapleadj.主要的；重要的2．producern.生产者3．leadingadj.主要的leadv.带领，领导4．figuren.人物5．educatevt.教化educationn.教化educatorn.教化工作者6．agriculturen.农业7．speciesn.(动物或植物的)种8．originaladj.原来的；最初的originn.起源，开端9．publishvt.出版10．breakthroughn.突破11．supportvt.支持supportn.支持12．productionn.产量producev.生产13．convertvt.变更；转换14．exportvt.出口importv.进口15．agriculturaladj.农业的16．replacevt.取代；以……代替17．quantityn.数量18．qualityn.质量19．best­sellern.畅销书(或唱片等)20．diagnosevt.诊断diagnosisn.诊断21．victimn.受害者22．brilliantadj.聪颖的；才华横溢的23．careern.生涯；经验24．briefadj.简短的；简洁的brieflyadv.扼要地，简明地25．partlyadv.部分地；在肯定程度上partn.部分26．physicaladj.身体的27．graduatevi.毕业graduationn.毕业graduaten.毕业生28．personaladj.个人的personn.人；个人29．relativityn.相对论30．explosionn.爆炸；爆炸声31．explodevi.爆炸32．escapevi.逃跑；躲避33．arrown.(弓)箭34．straightadj.直的straightadv.干脆；径直；笔直地；平正地35．clearvi.(烟雾)消散Ⅱ.重点短语1．bringup培育；哺育2．asaresultof由于……的结果3．beinterestedin对……感爱好4．searchfor找寻；搜寻5．beknownfor因……而出名/著名6．bediagnosedwith被诊断出患有7．earnone'sliving谋生8．inbrief简言之9．cometopower掌权10．byaccident偶然地11．escapefrom从……逃离12．beatwarwith与……交战13．beattachedto被绑在……上；附属于……14．becauseof因为……15．insteadof代替；而不是Ⅲ.语篇点睛BillGates,chiefdesignerofMicrosoftCorporationandleading(主要的)figure(人物)insoftware，is_known_for(因……而著名)hisunusualexperience.HewasbornonOctober28,1955.Beingaverybrilliant(聪颖的)boy，hisfavoritesubjectsatschoolwerescienceandmath.Asearlyasinhighschool，Billstartedtoplaywithcomputersanddevelopedhisstronginterestinsoftware.Aftergraduating(毕业)fromhighschoolin1973,hewenttoHarvardUniversity，onlytoleaveitthreeyearslater.In1975Billbeganhiscareer(事业，生涯)withoneofhisbestfriends,developingsoftwareforpersonal