定语从句的习题答案

定语从句定语从句简介：作用起定语的作用位置定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后关联词引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who,whom,whose,which和that,以及关系副词when,where,why等，在从句中充当成分。种类定语从句分为：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种定语从句关联词的用法关系代词的用法用法例子Who指人，在定语从句中作主语；Whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，有时可省略；whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。Which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略）ThebookwhichwasonthedeskjustnowwasborrowedfromJim.I’velostthepenwhichIlikebest.That多指物，有时也指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，指物时用法与which基本相同。作宾语时可省略。Thepersonthattelephonedmeisareporter.ThewatchthatIboughtyesterdaykeepsgoodtime.我昨天买的那块表走得很准。先行词是不定代词everything,nothing,something,all,little,much等时，用that,不用which.I’lltellyoueverythingthatIknow.Million-poundnotewasallthathehadintheworld.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，用that,不用which.Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddoistofindagoodreferencebook.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.先行词被theonly,thevery,any,thelast,thesame,few,all，little,nojust,oneof等词修饰时。用that不用which.Theonlythingthatworriedmewaswecouldnotfindtherightpersontodoit.唯一让我担心的是找不到合适的人来做这件事。Whom,which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可放在whom,which之前，也可以放在从句末，这时可省略关系代词。I’mwaitingforthewomanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnow.Thetown(which)helivesinisfarfromhere.Thetowninwhichhelivesisfarfromhere.他住的那个镇离这很远。That在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在that之前，只能放在从句末，这时that往往可省略。Theman(that)youtalkedabouthascometoourschool.你们谈起过的那个人到我们学校来了。2.关系副词的用法：用法例子When在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词是表示“时间”的词。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.我永远忘不了入党的那天。Where在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示“地点”的词。HevisitedthevillagewhereShakespearewasborn.他参观了莎士比亚诞生的村庄。Why在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是reason(

原因)。Thereasonwhyheleftthecompanyisknowntoall.大家都知道他为什么离开了公司。限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。用法限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句区别1是先行词不可缺少的修饰部分，如果省略，主句的意思就不完整或不明确。是先行词的补充或附加说明，如果省略，主句的意思依然清楚。例子1Thebag(which)youboughtyesterdayisverynice.你昨天买的那个包很漂亮Iboughtabagyesterday,whichisverynice.我昨天买了一个包，那色很漂亮。区别2与主句不能用逗号分开用逗号与主句分开例子2Ilikethestoryyoutoldme.我喜欢你给我讲的那个故事。Shakespeare,whoseplaysarepopular,wasagreatwriter.莎士比亚是伟大的作家，他的戏剧很受欢迎。区别3先行词总是一个名词或代词先行词是一个词，也可以是部分主句或整个主句，这时关系代词只能用which.例子3Thankyouforthehelpyouhavegivenme.感谢你对我的帮助。Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.竹子中间是空的，这使它很轻。区别4可以用that引导不可用that引导，指人时要用who。例子4Thethingthathadrunawaywascaughtagain.Myson,whostudiesbiology,isnowworkinginLondon.区别5关联词可省略关联词一般不能省略例子5Thebicycle(that)myuncleboughtmewasveryexpensive.我叔叔给我买的那辆自行车很贵。Mybicycle,whichmyuncleboughtme,wasveryexpensive.我那辆自行车很贵，那是我叔叔给我买的。补充说明：以who,which开头的句子为避免重复，只用that.Eg:Whoisthegirlthatisplayingthepiano?Whichisthecarthathithim?all指人时，也可用who.something,everything后也可用which..先行词既指人又指物时用that引导。eg.:Thewriterandhisnovelthatyoutalkedaboutarewellknown.4．当句中有两个定语从句时，其中一个已用了who/which,第二个从句的关系代词宜用that.以避免重复。eg:XiaoHongisthegirlwhotalkedtotheteacherthatgraduatedfromBeijingUniversity那个和北大毕业的老师交谈的女孩是小红。5.当修饰的成分是数词时，用that，但one作代词指人作先行词时，用who,不用thatI’vegotonethatyoumightbeinterestedin.6.当关系代词本身在定语从句中作连系动词be的表语时，用that.Tomisnolongertheboythathewasfiveyearsago.汤姆不再是五年前的那个男孩子了。7.当主语不指人，而句子又以there/here开头时，修饰主语的定语从句的关系代词要用that.引导定语从句关系代词的几个特例：1.由于读音的关系，who作先行词时，一般用that引导定语从句，that作先行词时，一般用which.。如：Whothatishumancandosuchacruel(残酷的)thing.这种残酷的事不是人干出来的！Hefoundthatwhichhehaslookedfor.他找到了他寻找的东西。2.主句有few,no,none等否定词时，通常用but作关系代词。Thereisnoonebutknowsit.没有人知道这件事。Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents.很少有人欣赏他的才能。Hardlyamanattended(参加)themeetingbutwasdeeplytouchedbyhisspeech.他的讲话深深打动了每个与会者。先行词是same或有same修饰时，关系代词一般用as或that.如:Oureggsaresoldthesamedayas/thattheycomein.我们的蛋在进货当天就卖掉了。先行词是such或有such修饰时，关系代词通常用as.如：Don’tbelievesuchmenaspraise(表扬、称赞)youtoyourface.不要相信当面吹捧你的人。定语从句的转换把定语从句简化成分词短语。在定语从句中如果谓语动词是主动语态，就用现在分词短语来替换从句，如果谓语动词是被动语态，就用过去分词短语来替换从句。Theboywhoisplayingoverthereismybrother.→Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.ThisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyLuXun.→ThisisabookwrittenbyLuXun.把定语从句简化成不定式短语如果定语从句的谓语动词（词组）含情态动词或定语从句前含序数词last,next等，该定语从句往往可简化为不定式短语。Marywasthefirststudentwhoarrivedatthecinema.→Marywasthefirststudenttoarriveatthecinema.把定语从句简化成形容词短语如果定语从句的表语是形容词短语，那么整个定语从句可简化成形容词短语。Ihavebrokenthebottlewhichwasfullofmilk.→Ihavebrokenthebottlefullofmilk.把定语从句简化成介词短语在定语从句中，如果表语是由介词短语充当的，那么该从句可简化为介词短语。Inouruniversity(大学)therearelotsofstudentswhoarefromSouthChina.→InouruniversitytherearelotsofstudentsfromSouthChina.把定语从句简化为单个形容词在定语从句中，如果作表语的是一个形容词、现在分词或过去分词，在个别情况下，这个形容词或分词可放在先行词前面，直接对其进行修饰。Thisoldmanwhoworkedtiredfoundachildwhowassleepingontheground.→Thistiredoldmanfoundasleepingchildontheground.“oneof+n.”结构后定语从句的谓语形式传统语法认为“oneof+复数名词”结构后面定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式，而当one前有the,only,mere(ly)(仅仅)，very,any等修饰时，后面的定语从句用单数动词。Tomisoneoftheboyswhoareontime.汤姆是按时到达的男孩之一。Tomisthe(only)oneoftheboyswhoisontime.汤姆是唯一按时到达的男孩。但包括R.Quirk.F.T.Wood等著名语言学家在内的权威人士认为，多数使用英语的本族人用one作who,that,which的先行词，语用调查的结果如下：Heisoneofthebeststudentsthat(have–14%;has–86%)evercometothisschool.(VanShaik,1976).他是曾来此校（学习）的最好的学生之一。定语从句专项练习一、Choosethebestanswer:(单项选择)Heisamanofgreatexperience,from____muchcanbelearned.A.whomB.whichC.thatD./2.Sheisoneofthebeststudentswho_____praised(表扬)atthemeetingyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are3.Hewasfoundtobeathief（小偷）,____madehiswifedisappointed(失望)。A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom4.Theystudyinasmallclassroom____floorisbroken.A.whoseB.whichC.whereD.that5.DongfengMiddleSchoolistheone____Mr.Wangtaughttwoyearsago.A.whichB.whereC.inthatD.that6.Theplace,____Ispentmyholidayinlastmonth,isaniceseasidetown.A.whichB.whereC.onitD.inthat7.Youmaykeepany____youfind.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom8.NextSundayistheonlyday____hecanspare(匀出)tojoinus.A.thatB.whichC.thenD.onwhich9.Heisn’ttheman____heusedtobe.先行词作be的表语时用thatA.thatB.whomC.whoD.which10.HebelievedinGod(上帝),____Ifindstrange.A.asB.whichC.thatD.whom11.Letmethinkofapropersituation(位置，场所)____wecanusetheseidioms(成语，惯用语)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when12.Thisisthefirsttime____Ihaveseenyou.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inwhich13.Pleasepassmethedictionary____cover（封面）isblack.A.whichB.whichofC.itsD.whose14.All,____hastobedoneistopractiseeveryday.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.what15.Throughpracticewecanlearnalot____cannot____frombooks.A.which;belearnedB.that;learnC.which;learnD.that;belearned二、多项选择1.Finallythethiefhanded____hehadstolen(偷)tothepolice.A.everythingB.thatC.whichD.all2.Thisisthehighestbuilding____.A.wehaveeverbuiltinourschoolB.whichhaveeverbeenbuiltsince1994.C.whereallthestudentsliceD.thatwasbuiltforustolivein3.Thebuilding____arebrightatnightisourschoollibrary.A.whichB.whosewindowsC.whereD.thewindowsofwhich4.Thegirl____isournewEnglishteacher.A.youspoketoB.thatyoutalkedC.whomhairisbeautifulD.yousaidnothingto5.Shehastwodaughters,____A.twoofthemarebrightB.neitherofwhomworksasateacherC.whoarebothworkersD.bothofthemhavegonetoschool6.Theperson____isadoctor.A.whoistalkingtohimB.thatJimistalkingtoC.whoareyoutalkingtoD.withwhotheyaretalking7.Thatistheoffice____mymotheronceworkedA.whichB.inwhichC.inthatD.where8.Thisisthecoat.A.whosecolourisblue.B.thatIboughlastyearC.whichcostmefiftyYuanD.whosecolourIaminterestedin9.Thewashingmachineworksverywell.A.IboughtlastThursdayB.whichwasmendedlastweekC.whosesidesareallwhiteD.thatismadeinShanghai10.Shanghaiistheveryplace.A.whichtheforeignersareinterestedinB.theforeignersareeagertovisitC.wherelivealostofforeignersD.thattheforeignersareeager(渴望)tovisit11.Joanisoneofthebestwriters.A.whoarethoughthighlyofB.whosebooksthepeopleintheworldenjoyverymuchC.whohavepublished(出版)alotofbooksD.thathasbeengivenmedals(奖章)12.Thetwofriendsmetagain,andtheytalkedaboutalotofthingsandpersons____theycouldrememberatcollege(大学)A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that13.Heiseveryonelikestoworkwith.A.oneB.theonethatC.thepersonD.whom14.Thisisthehotel(旅店)thevisitorscanenjoyallgoodthings.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.where15.Theearthgoesroundthesun,evenachildknows.A.whichB.thatC.asD.it16.Therailwaybridgenowwillbefinishedintwodays.A.whichisbeingbuiltB.theworkersarebuildingC.thattheworkersareworkingonD.wheretherearealotofbusyworkers17.Isthatcab?A.theonethatwevisitedyesterdayB.wherewevisitedyesterdayC.theonewevisitedD.whichwevisited18.Isthatthecabyesterday?A.wevisitedB.wherewesawtheteacherC.theonewevisitedD.whichwevisited三．下面每句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。1.Theytalkedforhalfanhourofthethingsandpersonswhotheywoulddealwithafewdayslater.that2.Whoisthemanwhowaspraisedatthemeeting?that3.Isthisthefarmwhereyouvisitedtheotherday?that/which4.Isthisfactory∧whichyouvisitedlastweek?theone(第二种方法是：在factory前加上the)5.ThisisthelasttimewhenIshallgiveyouadviceonsuchthings.that6.Iwanttobuythesamedictionarythatyouhave.as7.Thiswasthesamewallet(钱夹)asIlostinthehotel.is8.CouldyoushowmetheroomwhereMr.Wanglivesin?which9.ThemanIfetchedthechalk(粉笔)forhimisourEnglishteacher.○10.That’sallwhatIwanttosay.that11.Hashereturnedyouthebookthatyoulentittohimtheotherday?○12.Mikeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhosinginhisclass.sings13.I,whoisyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.am四、改错。1.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.that2.ThefirstarticlewhichLucywroteinChinesewasnotgood.that3.Theyaretalkingaboutteachersandschoolswhichtheyhavevisited.that4.Thechaironthatheissittingismadeofbamboo.which5.ThisistheeverybookwhichIamlookingfor.that6.Allwhichweneedmostisyourhelp.that7.Whoisthemanwhoshookhandswithyoujustnow?that8.Whichisthebuswhichyouwantto