2024年北京高考英语一轮复习测试卷二（解析版）

2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷二（北京卷）

本试卷共100分。考试时长100分钟

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上

将该选项涂黑。

（2023届北京市房山区高三一模）

IglancedtomyleftandrightasIgotreadyatthestartingline.Thesightofothercompetitorswhohad

confidentandfierce-lookingfacesgotmegoosebumpsandIwasevenmore___1___thanbefore.

“Onyourmark,getset...Go!”shoutedtheraceofficial.Ipushedmyselfforwardwithallmy___2___and

startedrunningasthoughaprideofman-eatinglionswerecomingafterme.AsIran,Icouldseetheother

competitorscatchingupwithme.Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees.Ahundredpairsofeyesboredintome,

watchingme___3___togetup.ButnomatterhowhardItried,Ijustcouldnotdoit.

"No,itcannotendlikethis.Ihaveto___4___thisrace."Ithoughttomyself.However,thepainfrommy

injurywassounbearablethatIfelttotally___5___.Ireallywantedtogiveup.

Outofdespair,Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindcompetitor___6___herhandtome.

“Thankyou...^^Iwhispered___7___asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup.

Shelentmehershoulderforsupport,andI___8___forward.Thecrowdcheeredatthisbrilliantdisplayof

___9___.Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.

EventhoughInevergotthechancetolearnhername,Iwillalwaysrememberherastheonewhostepped

forwardtohelpmewhenIwasin10.

1.A.tiredB.confusedC.nervousD.regretful

2.A.joyB.mightC.troubleD.shame

3.A.attemptB.hesitateC.waitD.pretend

4.A.organizeB.evaluateC.appreciateD.complete

5.A.defeatedB.inspiredC.shockedD.relaxed

6.A.wavedB.extendedC.showedD.pointed

7.A.proudlyB.cautiouslyC.awkwardlyD.gratefully

8.A.movedB.fellC.bentD.looked

9.A.partnershipB.sportsmanshipC.leadershipD.friendship

10.A.angerB.doubtC.needD.silence

【答案】l.C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.B10.C

【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次跑步比赛中，摔倒了，膝盖的疼痛让作者无法继续前进。

就在作者感到绝望时，旁边的选手停下来，搀扶着作者走向终点线。这让作者很是感动，并会永远记住这

个在他需要帮助时，及时向他伸出援助之手的人。

1考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着旁边充满自信且表情凶神恶煞的其他竞争者，我感到浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，

我比之前更加紧张。A.tired疲惫的；B.confused困惑的；C.nervous紧张的；D.regretful后悔的。根据前文

“Thesightofothercompetitorswhohadconfidentandfierce-lookingfacesgotmegoosebumps”可知，此处指作

者看着旁边的人充满自信感到更加紧张，故选C。

2考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全身力气向前冲，尽管后面一群吃人的狮子紧跟在我后面。A.joy高兴，

喜悦；B.might强大力量,威力；C.trouble困难；D.shame羞愧。根据后文“andstartedrunning”可知，此处

指我用尽全身强大的力量先前冲，故选B。

3考查动词词义辨析。句意：一百双眼睛盯着我看，看我努力试图爬起来。A.attempt企图，努力；B.hesitate

犹豫；C.wait等待；D.pretend假装。根据前文“Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees.”可知，此处指我在

赛跑时摔倒了，故努力试图爬起来，故填A。

4考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就这样结束了。我必须完成这次比赛”。A.organize组织；

B.evaluate评估,评价;C.appreciate欣赏,感激；D.complete完成。根据前文“No,itcannotendlikethis.”

可知，此处指不能就这样结束，我必须完成这次比赛，故选D。

5考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我膝盖上的疼痛如此无法忍受，以至于我感觉很泄气。A.defeatedM

气的，受挫的；B.inspired受到鼓舞的；C.shocked震惊的；D.relaxed放松的。根据上文“However,thepain

frommyinjurywassounbearable”以及后文"Ireallywantedtogiveup.”可知，此处指我想放弃，因此我是感觉

很泄气的，故选A。

6考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个善良的竞争者向我伸出了手。A.waved挥手；B.extended延伸，

伸出；C.showed展示；D.pointed指向。根据后文“asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup”可知，此处指

她向我伸出手，故选B。

7考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我抓住她的手，她把我拉起来的时候，我感激地说着“谢谢你”。A.proudly

骄傲地；B.cautiously谨慎地；C.awkwardly尴尬地；D.gratefully感激地。根据前文“akindcompetitor6

herhandtome.”可知，此处指我很感激那个向我伸出手的竞争者，因此是感激地说着谢谢，故选D。

8考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把肩膀借给我支撑，我向前移动。A.moved移动；B.fell摔，落；C.bent

弯腰；D.looked看。根据后文“Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.“可知，此处指我支撑着她的肩膀，

向终点线移动，故选A。

9考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众为这种杰出的体育精神而欢呼。A.partnership合伙，合作关系；B.

sportsmanship体育精神；C.leadership领导才能；D.friendship友谊。根据前文"Together,bothofuscrossedthe

finishingline.”可知，此处指我在比赛中摔倒了，旁边的人扶着我走向终点，这是一种体育精神，故选B。

10考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我不知道她的名字，但我将永远记得她，因为她是在我有需要时，走上

前来帮助我的那个人。A.anger怒气；B.doubt疑惑；C.need需要；D.silence沉默。根据前文“Outofdespair,

Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindcompetitor6herhandtome.”可知，此处指她在我需要帮

助时，向我伸出了援助之手，故选C。

第二节语法填空(共10小题，每小题L5分洪15分)

(2023届北京市东城区高三一模)

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Onaparticularsunnyday,littleMykelwasdeterminedtolearntoridehisbikewithoutthehelpoftraining

wheels.Whentheneighborhoodkids11(spot)Mykelshakilycontrollinghisbike,theyracedover

12(help).Someheldthebikesteadywhileothersofferedencouragement.Mykelwasnotaloneashe

triedtoreachhisgoaloflearningtoridehisbike!Somethingsare13(easy)saidthandone.However,

withalittlehelpfromfriends,thingsgobetter!

【答案】11.spotted12.tohelp13.easier

【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Mykel学习骑自行车时得到周围孩子的帮助的故事。

11考查一般过去时。句意：当邻居的孩子们发现Mykel摇摇晃晃地控制着他的自行车时，他们跑过去帮忙。

根据上文的时间状语“Onaparticularsunnyday”及主句中的“raced”可知，文章是描述过去发生的事情，应用

一般过去时，故填spottedo

12考查动词不定式。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填tohelp。

13考查形容词比较级。句意:有些事说起来容易做起来难。根据than可知此处应用形容词比较级。故填easiero

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Renewablemethodsfor14(produce)electricity,suchaswindturbinesandsolarpanels,canonly

providepoweronthedays15windblowsorthesunshines.Electricbatteries16(use)tostore

energyareexpensiveandcanalsobepolluting.Finnishscientistscameupwithasimplesolutionthatputs

unwantedgreenelectricitytowork,heating100tonsofsandtoaround500℃.Thesandstayshotformonths;when

energy17(require),aircanbepumpedthroughitandheatedup.Theairinturnheatsasystemthat

supplieshotwatertoheatnearbyhouses.

【答案】14.producing15.when16.used17.isrequired

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了芬兰科学家提出的一个利用沙子的可再生发电方式。

14考查非谓语动词。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子

里提供电力。空前为介词for,故空处需要填动名词doing的形式构成“介宾”结构。故填producing。

15考查定语从句。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里

提供电力。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词thedays,表“时间”，从句中不缺主、宾、表和定

语，故填关系副词。故填when。

16考查非谓语动词。句意：用来储存能量的电池价格昂贵，而且会造成污染。本句已有动词are,且空处没

有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词与空前名词之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。

故填usedo

17考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当需要能量时，空气可以通过它来加热。结合句意可知，此处为陈述客

观事实，故用一般现在时态即可；动词require和单数主语energy为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态bedone

的形式。故填isrequiredo

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Theideaofwritingapoemmightfeelfrightening18(initial)一doyouneedtofollowacertain

structure,doesitneedtohavearhyme,ordoyouneedtohaverecitedadictionarytobea"proper"poet?Thetruth

is:absolutelynot.Whilethereare“types“ofpoemthatofferstincturetoserve19aguide,therealityis

thatpoetrydoesn'thavetofollowasetofrules-ifsmuchmoreaboutconveyingafeeling,andthatopensupalot

ofcreative20(free)forustoexplore.

【答案】18.initially19.as20.freedom

【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了写诗让人害怕的原因，并解释道，诗歌不需要遵循“死板”的规

则。

18考查副词。句意：一开始写诗的想法可能会让人害怕一你是否需要遵循某种结构，它是否需要押韵，

或者你是否需要背诵一本字典来成为一个“合适的”诗人？分析句子可知，空处去掉后不影响理解，故需要填

副词的形式作状语。故填initially。

19考查固定短语。句意：虽然有一些“类型”的诗歌提供了结构作为指导，但现实是，诗歌并不一定要遵循

一套规则。固定短语serveas表示“用作；充当；作为”，符合句意。故填as。

20考查名词。句意：它更多的是传达一种感觉，这为我们开辟了许多创作的自由，供我们探索。creative为

形容词表示“创新的；创作的"，alotof表示“很多”，故空处需要填名词。故填freedom。

第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题，每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

(2023届北京市朝阳区高三一模)

TheEconomicandSocialCouncil(ECOSOC)YouthForumisanannualinitiativeofthePresidentofthe

Council.IthasdevelopedintoakeyplatformwhereyoungpeoplecancontributetopolicydiscussionsattheUnited

Nations(UN).Thisyear'sYouthForumwilltakeplacefrom25to27April,2023.

•Objectives

TheForumaimstoengageyoungpeopleinadialoguewithMemberStates,policymakersandotheractorsto

voicetheirviewsandinspireactionsonhowtotransformtheworldintoabetterplaceguidedbytheSustainable

DevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Participantswillalsohavetheopportunitytocontributetothepreparatoryprocessof

theSDGSummit.

The2023ForumwilladdressthethemeonspeedinguptherecoveryfromtheCOVID-19andthefull

implementation（实施）ofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.Itwillalsoreviewprogressintheareas

ofaffordableandcleanenergy,andsustainablecitiesandcommunities,ete.

•Format

Thethree-dayeventwillfeatureplenary（全体出席的）sessionsandregionallybaseddiscussions,withthelast

daydesignedforthepreparationofthe2023SDGSummit.Talentedyouthspeakerswilldelivershortpresentations

inbetweensessions.

ParticipationintheForumisbyinvitationonly.TheyouthparticipantsareselectedbyNationalYouth

Councils,regionalyouthorganizations,etc.

Theeventwillbeheldinamixedwayallowingforopportunitiesforin-personandvirtualparticipation.

Participantswillalsobeabletoaskquestionsviasocialmedia.

•Thevoicesfromlastyear'sparticipants

2022ForumParticipantsTakeaway!2022ForumParticipants,Advice!

“TheYouthForumgavemetheopportunityto“Usingsourcestheteamprovideswillincreasethe

discovertheskillsrequiredtomasterpublicspeaking.efficiencyandeffectivenessofcompletingtasks.Ialso

Thetimemanagementischallengingbutwefinishedstronglyadvisethemtobeopentohearingeveryone's

alltasksevenwithatightschedule.^^differentopinionsfromanobjectivepointofview.^^

21.TheECOSOCYouthForum2023will.

A.discusstheglobalrecoveryissueB.selecttheyouthleadersfortheUN

C.setgoalsforsustainabledevelopmentD.gatheryoungpeopletobuildaplatform

22.Accordingtothepassage,theyoungparticipantscan.

A.registertojoinintheForumpersonallyB.givebriefspeechesinplenarysessions

C.takepartintheeventonlineandofflineD.attendtheSDGSummitaftertheForum

23.Whatistheadvicefrom2022participants?

A.Tobewillingtoconsidervariousvoices.B.Tomaketimearrangementsatoppriority.

C.Tomasterpublicspeakingskillsinadvance.D.Tobeefficientwiththehelpofpolicymakers.

【答案】21.A22.C23.A

【解析】本文是篇应用文。文章主要介绍了即将举办的2023年ECOSOC青年论坛的相关信息和内容。

21细节理解题。根据第三段“The2023Forumwilladdressthethemeonspeedinguptherecoveryfromthe

COVID-19andthefullimplementation（实施）ofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment.^^（2023年论坛的

主题是加快从2019冠状病毒中复苏和全面落实2030年可持续发展议程）可知，2023年ECOSOC青年论坛

将会讨论全球从新冠病毒中复苏的问题。故选A。

22细节理解题。根据第六段"Theeventwillbeheldinamixedwayallowingforopportunitiesforin-personand

virtualparticipation.Participantswillalsobeabletoaskquestionsviasocialmedia.”（该活动将以一种混合的方

式举行，允许面对面和虚拟参与的机会，参与者还可以通过社交媒体提问）可知，参加者可以在线上和线

下参加这次活动。故选C。

23细节理解题。根据最后一段"Ialsostronglyadvisethemtobeopentohearingeveryone'sdifferentopinions

什omanobjectivepointofview."（我还强烈建议他们从客观的角度听取每个人的不同意见）可知，2022年的

参加者还建议该活动愿意听取各种不同的声音，考虑各方面不同的意见。故选A。

B

（2023届北京市丰台区高三一模）

ThiswasthefirstcommunicationthathadcomefromherauntinJessie'slifetime.

“Ithinkyouraunthasforgivenmeatlast,“herfathersaidashepassedtheletteracrossthetable.

Jessielookedfirstattheautograph（签名）.Itseemedstrangetoseeherownnamethere.Therewasalikeness

betweenheraunfsautographandherown,ahintofthesamedecisivenessandprecision.IfJessiehadbeen

educatedfiftyyearsearlier,shemighthavewrittenhernameinjustthatmanner.

“You'reverylikeherinsomeways,“herfathersaid,asshestillstaredattheautograph.

“IshouldthinkyoumustalmosthaveforgottenwhatAuntJessiewaslike,dear,“shesaid."Howmanyyearsis

itsinceyoulastsawher?”

“Morethanforty,herfathersaid."Wedisagreed.Weinvariablydisagreed.Jessiealwayspridedherselfon

beingsomodem.ShereadDarwinandthingslikethat.Altogetherbeyondme,Iadmit.^^

“Andsoitseemsthatshewantstoseeme.^^Jessiestraightenedhershouldersandliftedherhead.Shewas

excitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehadsooftenheardabout.Sometimesshehad

wonderedifthepersonalityofthisremarkablerelativehadnotbeenafigment（虚构）ofherfather^imagination.

Butthisletterofhersthatnowlayonthebreakfasttablewasadmirableincharacter.Therewassomethingof

intoleranceexpressedinitstone.Itwasjustlikewhatherfatherhadtoldher.

Mr.Deanecameoutofhispastmemorieswithasigh.

“Yes,yes;shewantstoseeyou,mydear,“hesaid.'Tveheardshehassetupaschoolandhelpedmany

youngsters.Ithinkyouhadbetteracceptthisinvitationtostaywithher.Ifshetookafancytoyou,youcouldgeta

bettereducation...9,

Hesighedagain,andJessieknewthatforthehundredthtimehewasregrettinghisownpastweakness...

25.HowwastherelationshipbetweenJessie'sfatherandheraunt?

A.Itremainedverycloseovertheyears.B.Itwasbrokenwhentheywereyoung.

C.Itgottenserduetoamisunderstanding.D.Itwasuneasyfortheirfinancialdifferences.

26.Fromthepassage,weknowJessiewas.

A.eagertomeetheraunt.B.cautiousaboutheraunt'sinvitation

C.angrywithherauntforignoringherfamily.D.puzzledbyheraunfssuddeninterestinher

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Jessie'sauntpromisedtoofferherbettereducation.B.Jessie'saunfspersonalityseemedtochangealot.

C.Jessieandherauntweredifferentinpersonality.D.Jessie'sfatherfeltsorryforwhathehaddone.

【答案】24.B25.A26.D

【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的姑姑与父亲因为分歧，多年未见面。父亲收到了姑姑的来信，

父亲很悔恨，并打算将作者送到姑姑那里去接受好的教育。

24推理判断题。根据文章第一段"ThiswasthefirstcommunicationthathadcomefromherauntinJessie's

lifetime.（这是Jessie生命中第一次与姑姑的联系。）”以及文章第六段“"Morethanforty,9,herfathersaid.t6We

disagreed.Weinvariablydisagreed.（父亲说道：“四十多年了。我们有分歧，我们总是有分歧"。）”可知，作者

的父亲和姑姑已经四十多年没见面了，故他们的关系在年轻的时候就破裂了，故选B。

25细节理解题。根据文章倒数第五段“Shewasexcitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehad

sooftenheardabout.（一想到能见到这个她经常听说的神奇的姑姑，她就激动不已。）“可知，Jessie很渴望见

到姑姑，故选A。

26细节理解题。根据文章最后一段"Hesighedagain,andJessieknewthatforthehundredthtimehewas

regrettinghisownpastweakness...（父亲再次叹气，dJessie知道，父亲已经为自己过去的软弱后悔了几百次

了……）”可知，作者的父亲为之前的软弱感到悔恨，因此父亲是为之前的所做的事情感动后悔，故选D。

C

（2022届北京市顺义区高三一模）

Ithasalwaysbeenhorribleformetopicturemylifeinoldage.Myrecentvisitstotheseniorcarecenter,

however,easedsomeofmyfearsandprovidedvaluablefoodforthought.

Lookingformeaningfulwaystospendmyweekendsaftermyexams,Isigneduptoaprogramofartsand

craftsfortheelderlyrunbymyschoolmates.IwasinformedthattheRenciNursingHome,wheretheprogram

wouldbeheld,housedsomeofthelessfortunateelderlyinSingapore.Somebackgroundresearchgavemethe

impressionthatmanyofthemsufferedfromphysicalissuesandhadlittlefamilysupport.Asaresult,Iexpectedthe

atmospheretheretobediscouraging.And,judgingbythelackofinterestinthepaintingactivities,Itrulysenseda

feelingofpurposelessnessthere.Giventhatweliveinasocietyinwhichthebondsbetweenthegenerationsare

weakening,perhapsthedisappointingatmosphereinthehomewasn'tsurprising.Thepeoplewerecutofffromthe

tiesthatmakelifemeaningful.

Isitsafetosaythenthatourlivesafterretirementwilllikelyfeelaimless?ButafterIspoketoa

Portuguese-Chineseman,Ithoughtthatthiswasn'tnecessarilyso.Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisingly

strongsenseofcontroloverhislife.Hislivelinesswasexceptionalamongtheelderlypopulationinthehome.He

hadspenthislifeeithertravelingaroundtheworldasabackpacker,orworkinghardinSingaporetosaveupforhis

trips.Hehadmadeitaruletolearnforeignlanguages,exerciseandeathealthily-somethinghecontinuedtodo

duringhisstayinthenursinghome.

WhilehespoketomeabouthowhistimeinLondonhadshapedhisviewofculturaldifference.Ilookedinto

hiseyes.IknewthatthiswasthekindofcontroloverlifethatIwantedformyself.Idon'twanttospendhalfofmy

timewanderingaboutinforeigncountrieslikehedid,butIdowanttoappreciatetherichnessthatlifehastooffer.

27.WhydidtheauthorgototheRenciNurseryHome?

A.Becauseitwasrunbyhisschoolmates.B.Becausehemeanttolearnartsandcrafts.

C.Becausehewantedasignificantweekend.D.Becauseithousedsomelessfortunateelderly.

28.Beforetheauthorenteredthenursinghome,hethoughtitwas.

A.aplacefilledwithdepressionsB.aplacesolvingphysicalproblems

C.aplacefullofimpressiveactivitiesD.aplaceconnectingdifferentgenerations

29.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehisattitudetowardoldage?

A.Thehardworkoftheelderly.B.Thelivelinessofanoldman.

C.Theviewofculturaldifference.D.Thecareofthenursinghome.

30.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.CaringfortheElderly.B.LivingbyHisOwnLaw.

C.TravelingonOurWayD.PreparingfortheOldAge.

【答案】27.C28.A29.B30.B

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想象自己晚年的生活会是一件可怕的事，然而，在去了老年护

理中心以后，缓解了恐惧并对生活充满了感激。

27细节理解题。根据第二段第——句"Lookingformeaningfulwaystospendmyweekendsaftermyexams,Isigned

uptoaprogramofartsandcraftsfortheelderlyrunbymyschoolmates.（考试后,为了寻找有意义的方式来度

过我的周末，我报名参加了一个由我的同学为老年人开办的艺术和手工艺项目）”可知，作者去theRenci

NurseryHome是为了寻找有意义的方式来度过周末。故选Co

28细节理解题。根据第二段第四句"Asaresult,Iexpectedtheatmospheretheretobediscouraging.（因止匕，我

预计那里的气氛会是令人沮丧的）”可知，作者在进入养老院之前，认为那里的气氛是令人沮丧的。故选A。

29细节理解题。根据第三段“ButafterIspoketoaPortuguese-Chineseman,Ithoughtthatthiswasn'ttnecessarily

so.Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisinglystrongsenseofcontroloverhislife.Hislivelinesswasexceptional

amongtheelderlypopulationinthehome.（但当我和一个葡萄牙华裔男子交谈后，我觉得情况并非如此。在

90岁的时候，他表现出了一种令人惊讶的强烈的生活控制感。他在这个家里的老年人中特别活泼）”可知，

是一个活泼的90岁老年人让作者改变了他对老年的态度。故选Bo

30主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者在养老院遇到一位90高龄，但仍然充满活力的老人，结合

第三段“Attheageof90,hedisplayedasurprisinglystrongsenseofcontroloverhislife.（在90岁的时候，他表

现出了一种令人惊讶的强烈的生活控制感）”和最后一段“IknewthatthiswasthekindofcontroloverlifethatI

wantedformyself.（我知道这就是我想要的那种对生活的控制）”可知，老人对生活的控制，即“做自己人生

的主人”，这种生活态度让作者推崇备至，这也是作者想表达的主题，所以B项“按自己的法则生活”是最佳

标题。故选Bo

D

（2023届北京市石景山区一模）

Manyofusmayexperiencedinner-tabledebates.Onecommonsceneplaysoutasfollows.Youwantto

convinceafriendorafamilymemberofsomethingyouknowtheymaydisagree,andyoushareinformationand

walkthroughyourreasoningwiththem.Still,theyrejectyourcase.Howdoyoureactwhenyourpowersof

persuasionfail?Youmightdismissthepersonwhodoesn,tagreewithyourargumentsasnarrow-minded,foolishor

otherwiseoutoftouchwithreality.Thewholeexperiencemayfeelliketryingtoguidesomeoneonajourneywhen

theyrefusetofollow.Psychologistshavecreatedaterm,persuasionfatigue,todescribethisformoffrustration（懊

恼）.

Persuasionfatiguemaymakeithardertosuccessfullykeepchallengingconversations.Pastresearch

demonstratesthatfeelingfrustratedcanmakeyoumoreresistanttochangingyourmind.Italsoshowsthat

frustrationmayreduceyourabilitytorecognizewhyyourargumentsdon'tsucceed.Persuasionfatiguealso

explainswhy,whendebatesbreakdown,peopletendtoblametheirconversationalopponent.AsMarkTwainonce

wrote,cuInallmattersofopinion,ouropponentsareinsane（愚蠢的）Inpastfindings,peoplegenerallyreported

threetimesasmanyreasonswhyothers9faultsledtofaileddebatesratherthantheirownshortcomings.Itistrue

thatothersarenotalwaysopentoyourideas.Endingthediscussioncanthereforebetherightthingtodo.Butinan

overheateddebate,yourfatiguemayleadyoutomisinterpretthesituationandbelievethatyouropponentistoo

stupidtoseethetruth.Fortunately,psychologistssuggestsomesoundapproachestomanagingthesesituationsand

protectingyourrelationships.

Toreachyouraudience,itmaybeessentialtoexpressyourmessageintermsoftheirvalues,notyours.

Psychologistscallthis"moralrefraining.Infact,researchessuggestthatthesimpleactofacknowledgingvaluesof

thepeopleyou'retalkingto-tellingthemyouunderstandwherethey9recomingfrom,evenifyoudon't

agree-mayleadthemtolowertheirdefensesandopenupalittletonewarguments.

Yourfatiguemaybeevenworsebythinkingorassumingthatdebateisazero-sumstruggle-thatyouwinif,

andonlyif,youropponentloses.Butsometimesyou'rebetteroffseeinganargumentasacooperativeefforttofind

thetruth-lesslikeangryneighboursfightingovertheirpropertyline.Theneighboursmaplandtogetherby

viewingitfrommultipleangles.Similarly,debatescanhelpyoutriangulateaviewbetweenyouropinionandthe

otherperson's.

Thetendencytoblameothersforexhaustingdebateshasrealconsequences.Inourexhaustion,wemayfailto

seewhenourfrustrationsstemfromadeepdesireforconnection.Recognizingpersuasionfatigue-andhowwe

contributetoit-mayhelpuspassthroughheateddebateswithoutleavingthosewelovebehind.

31.Peoplemayexperiencepersuasionfatiguewhenthey.

A.tryinvaintoconvinceothersB.misinterpretothers9reasoning

C.adoptothers5viewsunwillinglyD.trytopersuadenarrow-mindedpeople

32.Whichisthepossibleconsequenceofpersuasionfatigue?

A.Onecan'tsticktohispointofview.B.Oneadmitshislimitsandweaknesses.

C.Onecan'tgettotherootoffaileddebates.D.Onefeelsincompetentforfurtherarguments.

33.WhydoestheauthorquoteMarkTwaininthepassage?

A.Tostresstheeffectofchangingothers'mind.B.Toconfirmthedifficultyofwinninganargument.

C.Toexplainthereasonforone'sendinganargumentD.Tosupporttheideaofone'stendencytoblame

others.

34.Whichistherecommendedsolutiontomanagingpersuasionfatigue?

A.Seeingadebateasazero-sumgame.B.Makinganeffortforcommonground.

C.Shiftingthetopictolowerothers'defenses.D.Reframingpointsbasedonone'sownvalues.

【答案】31.A32.C33.D34.B

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种现象一说服疲劳，分析了其产生的原因，并介绍了解

决的方法。

31细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Youwanttoconvinceafriendorafamilymemberofsomethingyouknowthey

maydisagree,andyoushareinformationandwalkthroughyourreasoningwiththem.Still,theyrejectyourcase.

Howdoyoureactwhenyourpowersofpersuasionfail?Youmightdismissthepersonwhodoesn'tagreewithyour

argumentsasnarrow-minded,foolishorotherwiseoutoftouchwithreality.Thewholeexperiencemayfeellike

tryingtoguidesomeoneonajourneywhentheyrefusetofollow.Psychologistshavecreatedaterm,persuasion

fatigue,todescribethisformoffrustration（懊恼）.（你想说服你的朋友或家人，你知道他们可能不同意，你分享

信息，并与他们解释你的理由。尽管如此，他们还是拒绝了你的申请。当你的说服力失效时，你会作何反

应？你可能会认为不同意你观点的人心胸狭窄、愚蠢或与现实脱节。整个经历可能就像在别人拒绝跟随的

时候试图引导他们旅行。心理学家创造了一个术语，说服疲劳，来描述这种形式的懊恼。）”可知，说服疲劳

指的是当你尽力说服对方，却发现一切努力都是徒劳的时候所产生的懊恼感。故选A。

32细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Pastresearchdemonstratesthatfeelingfrustratedcanmakeyoumoreresistantto

changingyourmind.Italsoshowsthatfrustrationmayreduceyourabilitytorecognizewhyyourargumentsdon't

succeed.（过去的研究表明，感到沮丧会让你更不愿意改变主意。它还表明，沮丧可能会降低你认识到为什么

你的论点不成功的能力。）”可知，这种沮丧感会让你不愿意改变主意，也会让你无法认清自己的说服不成功

的真实的原因。故选C。

33推理判断题。根据文中所引用的马克•吐温所说的话的前一句"Persuasionfatiguealsoexplainswhy,when

debatesbreakdown,peopletendtoblametheirconversationalopponent.（说服疲劳也解释了为什么当辩论破裂

时，人们倾向于指责他们的对话对手。）”以及马克•吐温所说的话“Inallmattersofopinion,ouropponentsare

insane（愚蠢的）.（在所有的观点问题上，我们的对手都是愚蠢的）”可知，作者引用马克・吐温所说的话是为了论

证自己的观点，也就是当辩论不成功时，人们倾向于指责自己的谈话对方。故选D。

34推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Butsometimesyou'rebetteroffseeinganargumentasacooperativeeffortto

findthetruth—lesslikeangryneighboursfightingovertheirpropertyline.（但有时，你最好把争论看作是一种

寻找真相的合作努力，而不是像愤怒的邻居为他们的财产线而争吵一样。户可知，在处理说服疲劳时，我们

可以把争论视作寻找共同点。故选B。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

（2023届北京市石景山区一模）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。

Adultsareoftenembarrassedaboutaskingforaid.It'sanactthatcanmakepeoplefeelemotionally

unsafe.35Seekingassistancecanfeellikeyouarebroadcastingyourincompetence.

Newres