2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-科技发展

2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-科技发展

题型主要内容

1阅读理解介绍了应用在北京2022年冬奥会上的高科技设备及给运动员带来的好处。

2阅读理解介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并介绍了相关的太空育种

知识。

3阅读理解介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来识别不同的人。

4阅读理解介绍了仿生眼研究的情况和其发展前景，这一切都是为了使盲人能够重新看

到世界。

5阅读还原5选5介绍了北京冬季奥运会使用的一些高科技。

01

（2022广西三模）TheBeijing2022WinterOlympicswerenotonlyasportingeventbut

alsoashowforscienceandtechnology.Hightechgear（设备）ishelpingathletesbecome'"faster,

higher,stronger^^.Lefslookatsome.

TheNationalSpeedSkatingOvalissaidtohave"thefastestice”,as12new

ThefastestOlympicrecordsandoneworldrecordweresetthere.Thesecretisnewice-making

icetechnology.Liquidcarbondioxide（液体二氧化碳）isputundertheicetokeep

temperaturechangesontheicesurfaceinhalfadegree.Thatkeepstheiceflat.

Ineventslikefreestyleskiing,skijumping,thedirectionandspeedofthewind

canhaveabigeffectonanathlete'sperformance.AChineseresearchteam

“Seeing”

developsasystemtomeasure（测量）wind.ThesystemusesAItechnology.It

thewind

allowsathletesandcoachesto"see"windwithreal-timedataontheirpads,and

decidewhenandwheretojump.

AsCOVID-19canspreadthroughtheair,cleanairiskeytokeepingfans,

workersandathletessafeandhealthy.TheWinterOlympicsuselargeairpurifiers

Freshair

（净化器）tocatchandkillbacteriaintheairandmakesurethatclosedvenues

alwayshavefreshair.

Awearablethermometer（温度计）canmeasurethebodytemperaturesoffans

Smart

andathletes.Peoplecanwearitontheirupperarmstomonitor（监测）their

“Band

temperatureinrealtime.Itwillsendawarningifsomebody'sbodytemperature

Aid”

goeshigherthan37.3degrees.

1.Howmanykindsofnewhigh-techgearsarementionedinthispassage?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

2.Whicheventisn'taffectedbythedirectionandspeedofthewindaccordingtothispassage?

A.FreestyleskiingB.CurlingC.RunningD.Skijumping

3.Whatdoestheunlinedword“bacteria"mean?

A.昆虫B.细菌C.植物D.灰尘

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Hightechgear（设备）ishelpingathletesbecome'"faster,higher,stronger^^.

B.Thesecretofsetting12newworldrecordsisanewice-makingtechnology.

C.WiththehelpofAItechnology,athletescan"see"thewind.

D.Thewearablethermometerwillsendawarningwhentemperatureishigherthan38.3degrees.

5.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Anewice-makingtechnologyhelpsathletesdobetter.

B.Largeairpurifierscanhelpfans,workersathleteskeephealthy.

C.Awearablethermometercanmeasurethebodytemperaturesofathletes.

D.High-techhelpathletesperformbetterattheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.

02

（2022湖北武汉匚模）Chang'e5completeditstasksuccessfullyin23days,notonlydidit

returnwithvaluablerockandsoilsamplesfromthemoon,butalsobroughtbackagroupofseeds

thattraveledthefurthestinChina.Morethan30kindsofseeds,includingthatofrice,oatsetc.,were

placedinsidetheChang'e5spacecraftandwentaroundthemoonforabout15days.

Scientistswishedtocheckwhatwouldhappentotheseedsafterthetask.Thistaskoffered

goodopportunitiestoscientists,whichhelpedthemtodeepentheirstudiesontheeffectofcosmic

rays（宇宙射线）onthegrowthanddevelopmentoflifeonEarth.

Space-basedmutationbreeding（太空诱变育种）referstotheprocessofplacingseedsinthe

environmentsuchasmicrogravity（微重力），vacuums（真空）andcosmicradiation（宇宙辐射）

duringaspaceflightandthensendingthembacktoEarthforfurtherstudyandplanting.Scientists

studyandexamineseveralgenerationsofplantsgrownfromseedswhichwentintothespaceand

studytheirchanges-somearedesirablewhileothersarebadandnegative.Thosewithgoodchanges

willbekeptforfurtherresearch,andwillbeintroducedtofarmersaftergettingpermission.

Spacebreeding（育种）canmaketheseedschangefasterthantheexperimentsontheearthand

canbringaboutsomewonderfulresults.Comparedwiththetraditionalmethods,space-developed

methodscanmaketheseedsgrowmuchbetter,suchashavingshortergrowthperiodsandhaving

morepowertofightagainstdiseasesandinsect.

Chinadiditsfirstspacebreedingexperimentin1987,usingasatellitetocarryseedsintospace.

Sincethen,hundredsofkindsofseedsandseedlingshavetraveledwithdozensofChinese

spaceships.Spacebreedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutatedplantsin

Chinathathavebeenallowedtobeplantedacrossthecountryfromgrainstovegetablesandfruits.

TheChang'e5broughtback1,731gramsofmoon'srockandsoiltoEarth,showingahistoric

achievement44yearsafterthelastmoon'srockandsoilweretakenback.

6.WhyweretheseedsplacedinsideChang'e5?

A.Topickoutthebestseeds.

B.Tounderstandtheenvironmentofthespace.

C.Tostudythecosmicrays.

D.Toputtheminaspecialenvironment.

7.Theunderlinedword“desirable"inparagraph3isprobablyclosesttoinmeaning.

A.worseB.goodC.uselessD.correct

8.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Chang'e5flewaroundthemoonforabout23days.

B.Chinawasthefirsttodoaspacebreedingexperiment.

C.Itissometimesinceseedswerelasttakenintospace.

D.Spacebreedingisgoodforfanning.

9.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat.

A.spacebreedingisthebestwaytodeveloptheseeds

B.Chinaisthefirstcountrytodospacebreedingexperiment

C.Chinawillspendmoretimeandenergyonspacebreeding

D.Chang'e5spacecraftwillflytothemoonagain

10.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Chang,e5ReturnswithaBigPackage

B.Space-bredSeedsOfferGreatChances

C.PlantMutationsResultinaBetterLife

D.SeedsfromSpaceShowaNewHistory

03

（2022河南省实验中学三模）Facial-recognitioncamerasareeverywhere-eveninyoursmart

phone.Manypeopleusethistechnologytounlocktheirphones,opendoors,ormakequick

payments.Butthereisaproblemduringtheepidemic（疫情）：everyonewearsmasks.Whata

headache!

Scientistsaretryingtosolvethisproblem.Forexample,EngineeringandTechnology（E&T）

magazinereportsthatHanwang,atechcompanyinBeijing,hasmadeanewsystem.Itcanrecognize

鳞认）95%ofpeoplewhentheywearmasks.

What'sthesecret?Ifsallaboutyoureyes.MariosSawidesfromCarnegieMellonUniversity

studiesfacial-recognition.Aswegetolder,hesays,ourfaceschangeshape.Buttheareaaroundour

eyesdoesn't.Itstaysthesame-evenifweputonweight.Aslongasthereareenoughdatafrom

theareaofoureyes,thecamerascanrecognizeus.

Tech5isanotherfacial-recognitioncompany.TheSwisscompany'sproductsscan（扫描）the

shapeofyourface.Theyalsoscanyouriris,whichisthecoloredpartofyoureyes.Tech5hopesto

ignore（忽略）allofthefacebelowthenose.

Thiskindofsoftwareismoreimportantthanjustunlockingyourphone."Itcandiscover

criminals,evenwhentheywearmasks,9,saidHuangLeifromHanwang.Hanwang'stechnologyis

usedbyChinesepoliceinplaceslikesubwaystationsandairports.Similartechnologyisusedby

theUnitedStatesAirForce.

Huangpointedoutonebigweakness:itfailswhenpeoplewearbothamaskandsunglasses.

“Inthissituation,allofthekeyfacialinformationislost,"LeisaidtoE&T.

根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。

11.Atpresent,whatcanfacial-recognitiontechnologybeusedfor?

A.Takingphotos.B.Shuttingdoors.C.Payingforthings.D.Lockingsmart

phones.

12.Whichofthefollowingisapictureofamask?

A,自C（g）D.

13.Whatistheproblemwiththistechnologyduringtheepidemic?

A.Itdoesn'tworkwhenpeoplewearmasks.B.Itcausestroubletopeople'sfaces.

C.Itbringspeopleheadachesallthetime.D.Itgivespersonalinformationtothebad.

14.Whyareeyesthekeytosolvingrecognitionproblems?

A.Becauseeyesnevergetold.

B.Becauseeyeshavebrightcolors.

C.Becausetheareaaroundoureyesdoesn'tchange.

D.Becauseeyescanstorethepeople'skeyinformation.

15.Whafsthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Itisallabouteyes.B.Itisasafeway.

C.Facialinformationisimportant.D.Facial-recognitionisarisk.

04

Therearemillionsofpeoplethroughouttheworldwhoareeitherbomblindorhavebecome

blindoverthecourseoftheirlifetime.Itisunfairtotakeawaythevisual（视觉的）beautyofthe

worldfromthesepeople.DoctorHumayunhascreatedtheworld'sfirstbionic（仿生学的）eyethat

couldchangethelifeofeveryblindpeopleintheworld.

DoctorMarkHumayunisawellrespectedprofessorattheDohenyEyeInstituteCalifornia.

Hehasbeenworkingforyearsoncreatingabioniceyethatwouldallowblindpeopletoseeimages

justlikeanormalpersondoes.Thebioniceyeisactuallyaneyethathasbeenbuiltinasmallvideo

camera.

Thetestresultsshowthebioniceyehasgivenblindpatientstheamazingabilitytoseethe

scientistsdoingthetests.Buttheimagesarestillblurry（模糊的）andweneedmuchworkbefore

theeyeactuallybecomesaregularimplant（植入物）intoblindpeople.Humayunbelievesthathe

cangointoproductionwiththebioniceyeoverthenextthreetofiveyears.

Acloserlookatthebioniceyeisamazing.Thepatientwearsaspecialsetofeyeglasses.All

thesignalsarepassedtotheimplantedeye.Ifsdonebywirelesstechnology.Humayunhascreated

aninventionthatcouldchangethelivesofmillionsofpeople.Imagineaworldinwhichsomeone

wouldnolongerhavetofearaboutbeingblind.Thiscouldbeconsideredatechnological

achievement.

16.Thewriterthinksthelifeofblindpeopleisforthem.

A.easyB.unfairC.busyD.different

17.DoctorMarkHumayuniswellrespectedbecause.

A.hehasbeenworkingonasmallvideocameraB.heisaprofessorofafamousuniversity

C.heinventedavideocamerafortheblindD.hedevotedhimselftomakingtheblindsee

again

18.ThebioniceyecreatedbyMarkHumayunatpresent.

A.canhelptheblindtoseethepeopledoingthetestsB.hasbeenatotalsuccessduringtheuse

C.canbeplantedintotheblindpeople'seyeD.looksmuchlikethenormalpeople'seye

19.ItwilltakeDoctorMarkHumayuntoproducethebioniceyeinlargenumbers.

A.morethaneightyearsB.morethanfiveyears

C.threetofiveyearsD.lessthanthreeyears

20.Thispassagemainlytellsus

A.thelifeofblindpeoplehaschangedB.MarkHumayunbecomesfamous

C.therewillbenoblindinthefutureD.atechnologicalstudyfortheblind

05

（2022辽宁鞍山中考真题）阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选择合适的句子还原到短文中，

使短文意思通顺、结构完整。

TheBeijing2022WinterOlympicGamesweremorethanasportingevent.21They

arehelpingathletes（运动员）become“faster,higher,stronger“andofferingyouagreatgame­

watchingexperiencewiththesupportof5G.LefslookatsometechnologiesbehindtheBeijing

2022WinterOlympicGames.TheNationalSpeedSkatingOval（国家速滑馆）issaidtohave"the

fastestice”,astwelvenewOlympicrecordsandoneworldrecordweresetthere,includingChinese

speedskaterGaoTingyu'sOlympicrecordof34.32secondsinthemen's500meters.

22Iftheicesurfacetemperaturedoesn'tchangemuch,theicewillstayevenflatter

（平滑的）.Liquidcarbondioxide（液体二氧化碳）isputundertheicetokeepthetemperature

changesontheicesurfacewithinhalfadegree.23

Ineventslikefreestyleskiingandskijumping,thedirectionandspeedofthewindcanhavea

greatinfluenceonanathlete?sperformance.Someeventsonlylastafewsecondsandthewindis

changingallthetime.AresearchteamfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences（中国科学院）

developedasystemtomeasurewind.24Itallowsathletesandcoachesto"see"wind

directlywithreal-timedata（数据）ontheirpads（便携式电脑）anddecidewhenandwhereto

jump.

Duringthespeedskatingrace,athletescanreachspeedsofupto18meterspersecond.Tocatch

everyexcitingmomentofthecompetition,wehaveusedLieBaofortheevent.LieBaoisa4K

high-definition（高清）camerasystemdevelopedbyChinaMedia（媒体的）Group.25

Itcloselyfollowstheathletes5movementsandcatchesdifferentscenesduringspeedskating,

accordingtothereport.

A.ThesystemusesAItechnology.

B.Theywerealsoashowforscienceandtechnology.

C.Thesecretisanewice-makingtechnology.

D.Itcanrecordspeedsofupto25meterspersecond.

E.Thatkeepstheiceaflatsurfaceanditiseasiertoskateon.

参考答案：

1.D2.C3.B4.D5,D

【导语】本文主要介绍了应用在北京2022年冬奥会上的高科技设备及给运动员带来的好处。

L细节理解题。根据表格中的四个小标题可知，共介绍了四种高科技设备。故选D。

2.推理判断题。根据"Ineventslikefreestyleskiing,skijumping,thedirectionandspeedofthe

windcanhaveabigeffectonanathlete'sperformance.pf知“Freestyleskiing"和"Skijumping”是

受风向和风速影响的。剩余两项冰壶”和跑步”结合常识可判断冬奥会项目冰壶”也会受影

响。故选C。

3.词义猜测题。根据"AsCOVID-19canspreadthroughtheair,cleanairiskeytokeepingfans,

workersandathletessafbandhealthy.''结合前面搭配的动词"kill”可猜测，此处“bacteria”是细

菌”的含义。故选B。

4.细节理解题。根据"Itwillsendawarningifsomebody'sbodytemperaturegoeshigherthan

37.3degrees.”可知,体温超过37.3度就会报警。故选D。

5.最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了高科技设备应用在冬奥会中对运动员

的影响，因此D选项"High-techhelpathletesperformbetterattheBeijing2022WinterOlympics^^

可作为本文标题。故选D。

6.D7,B8.D9.C10.B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并

介绍了相关的太空育种知识。

6.细节理解题。根据"Space-basedmutationbreeding（太空诱变育种）referstotheprocessof

placingseedsintheenvironmentsuchasmicrogravity（微重力），vacuums（真空）andcosmic

radiation（宇宙辐射）duringaspaceflightandthensendingthembacktoEarthforfurtherstudyand

planting.”可知，科学家们希望进行太空诱变育种。所以是将种子放置在特殊的环境中，故选

Do

7.词义猜测题o根据“studytheirchanges-somearedesirablewhileothersarebadandnegative.^^

可知，而另一些是坏的和消极的，所以这些是好的，划线单词意思与good同义好的”，故

选B。

8.细节理解题。根据"Spacebreedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutated

plantsinChinathathavebeenallowedtobeplantedacrossthecountryfromgrainstovegetables

andfruits."可知，太空养殖有利于农业。故选D。

9.推理判断题。根据"Spacebreedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutated

plantsinChinathathavebeenallowedtobeplantedacrossthecountryfromgrainstovegetables

andfruits."可知，太空养殖有利于农业。中国将在太空育种上投入更多的时间和精力。故选

Co

10.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并介绍了相关

的太空育种知识，选项B“太空培育的种子提供了很好的机会”符合语境，故选B。

11.C12.C13.A14.C15.A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来

识别不同的人。

11.细节理解题。根据文中“Manypeopleusethistechnologytounlocktheirphones,opendoors,

ormakequickpayments.”可知，目前，人脸识别技术可以用于买东西付款。故选C。

12.词句猜测题。根据前句“Butthereisaproblemduringtheepidemic（疫情）'可猜测出，后句

应是：每个人都戴着口罩，故下划线单词“masks”的意思应是句罩"，结合图画可知，应是C

项。故选C。

13.推理判断题。根据文中“Butthereisaproblemduringtheepidemic（疫情）：everyonewears

masks.Whataheadache!”可推理出,在疫情期间，当人们戴口罩时，这项技术不起作用了。

故选Ao

14.细节理解题。根据文中“Aswegetolder,hesays,ourfaceschangeshape.Buttheareaaround

oureyesdoesn't.Itstaysthesame~~evenifweputonweight.Aslongasthereareenoughdatafrom

theareaofoureyes,thecamerascanrecognizeus.”可知，眼睛是解决识别问题的关键是因为我

们眼睛周围的区域不会改变。故选C。

15.最佳标题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过

眼睛来识别不同的人。故文章的最佳标题应是关于眼睛的面部识别软件”。故选A。

16.B17.D18.A19.C20.D

【导语】本文介绍了仿生眼研究的情况和其发展前景，这一切都是为了使盲人能够重新看到

世界。

16.细节理解题。根据“Itisunfairtotakeawaythevisual（视觉的）beautyoftheworldfromthese

people.”可知作者认为对盲人来说看不到美丽的世界是不公平的。故选B。