2018浙江杭州中考英语解析

第页码页码页/总NUMPAGES总页数总页数页2018杭州中考英语试题卷第I卷第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)(2018·浙江杭州)第一节（共5小题.每小题2分,满分10分）听下面5段对话，每段对话有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howdidthewomencome?A.Byair. B.Bytrain. C.Bycar.2.Wheredoesthemanlive?A.Inatown. B.Inacity. C.Inavillage.3.Whocanplaytheviolin?A.George. B.Helen. C.Alice.4.Howmanystudentsarethereinthewoman'sschool?A.330. B.350. C.370.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thebikeisnew. B.Thebikeisexpensive.C.Thebikeisheavy.(听力无录音稿，答案：CCCAB)(2018·浙江杭州)第二节（共10小题，每小题2分,满分20分）听下面3段对话或独白，每段对话或独白有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8三个小题。6.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Touringaschool. B.Visitingamuseum. C.Havingapicnic.7.Whichsignismentionedintheconversation?A. B. C.8.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Momandson. B.Teacherandstudent C.Waitressandcustomer(听力无录音稿，答案：BAB)(2018·浙江杭州)听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11三个小题。9.What'sthewoman？A.Arestaurantowner. B.Aninterviewer C.Acafewaitress.10.WhendopeopleinNewYorkusuallygotorestaurants?A.Between5and6p.m. B.Between7and8:30p.m. C.Between8and9p.m.11.WhichrestaurantaregettingpopularwithpeopleinLondon?A.Indianrestaurants. B.SouthAmericanrestaurants. C.Italianrestaurants.(听力无录音稿，答案：BAA)(2018·浙江杭州)听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15四个小题。12.Howmanydaysdoesthespeakerworkeveryweek?A.Five.B.Six.C.Seven.13.Whydoesthespeakerofteneatabiglunch?A.Heisveryhungry.B.Heistoobusyfordinner.C.Hereallylikesthefood.14.Whatdoesthespeakeroftendotorelaxatnight?A.Listentomusic. B.Watchmovies.C.Goshopping.15.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofhisgroupmembers?A.Lonelybutsuccessful. B.Famousandprofessional. C.Hardworkingandfriendly.(听力无录音稿，答案：BBAC)(2018·浙江杭州)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。(2018·浙江杭州)AWhenCanadianteenagerRyanwassixyearsold,histeachertoldhimthatinmanypartsofAfrica,therewasnocleanwater.Shesaidthatpeopleoftenmadethemselvesill,andevendied,justfromdrinkingorbathingindirtywater.WhatshesaidmadeRyanupset.Hedecidedtoraisemoneyforawell(井)sothatpeopleinAfricacouldhavecleanwater.Hedidextrachoresforhisparentsandraised$70allbyhimself.Thenhefoundoutthatitactuallycost$2,000todigawell.Mostpeoplewouldhavegivenupatthispoint,butnotRyan.Hewasdisappointed,butdeterminedtoraisemoremoney.Finallyhecollectedover$2,000.Thatmoneywasusedtodigthefirstof“Ryan'swells”.Sincethen,Ryanhascontinuedtoraisemoneyformorewells.Infact,Ryanhasraisedover$1,500,000!Ryancallshimself“anormalboy”andlikestoplayicehockeywhenhe'snotinschoolortravelingaroundtheworldtalkingtootherstudentsabouthimselfandhiswork.Asforthefuture,hehassaidthatheisn'texactlysurewhathewillchoosetodo.“Somethingalongthelinesofalawyerorateacher.Maybealeader!”Ryan'steachertoldhimaboutthewaterprobleminAfricainorderto .encourageRyantodigwellsforpeopleinAfricaaskRyantoraisemoneyforpoorpeopleinAfricamakeRyanfeelunhappyanddisappointededucateRyantocareaboutAfricanpeopleindifficultyWhatdoesRyanthinkofhimselfaccordingtothepassage?Heisdifferentfromotherstudentsinmanyways.Henevergivesupwhenhehasdecidedtodosomething.Heistalentedandcandomanygreatthingsinthefuture.He'slikeotherstudentswithhisownhobbyanddreams.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.RyanandHisTeacher B.RyanandHisWells.C.RyanandHisMoney D.RyanandHisFuture体裁记叙文话题人物故事词数211【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要内容是：男孩Ryan了解到非洲人民非常缺少洁净水，为了帮助他们而想尽办法四处筹钱并造井的故事。D。17.5Ryancallshimself‘anormalboy’,Ryan觉得自己是一个普通的男孩，有自己的爱好和理想。Ryan为了帮助非洲人民而筹钱造井的事。(2018·浙江杭州)BWhowantstoeatfoodthatisthrownawayaswaste?Believeitornot,that’sexactlywhatworldleadersdidatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationsin2015.Duringthemeal,theworldleadersenjoyeddisheslikesaladsandburgersmadewiththrown-awayvegetablesandfruits.ChefDanBarber,whohelpedcreatethemeal,hopedthattheexperiencewouldmaketheleaderspaymoreattentiontotheissueoffoodwaste.Itisahugeproblem.OneoutofninepeopleonEarthdoesnotgetenoughfood.Yeteveryyearoveronethirdofthefoodproducedworldwidegoestowaste!Whyissomuchfoodwasted?Firstly,foodisoftenthrownawaybeforeitreachescustomersbecausetoomuchofitisproduced,orbecauseitisnotkeptproperlyinfarms.Secondly,shopsandsupermarketsusuallythrowawayunsoldfood.Finally,customersoftenbuymorefoodthantheyneed,soalotofuneatenfoodiswasted.Howcanyouwastelessfood?Wheneatingout,youmayaskforlessfoodandtakehomewhatisleft.Visitfastfoodrestaurantlessoften,sincetheyareusuallymorewasteful.Encourageyourfavoriterestaurantstogiveunsoldfoodtofoodbanks.Youcanalsowastelessfoodathome.Usesmallerricebowlssothatyouservelessrice.Encouragefamilymemberstouseunfinishedricetomakericepuddings.Tellfamilymemberstomakeashoppinglistandbuyonlywhatisonthelistwhenshoppingforfood.Foodwasteisagrowingproblemandwe,eitherfarmersorfoodsellersorcustomers,musttakethisproblemmoreseriouslyanddowhatwecantohelp.WhatdidworldleadersdoatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationsin2015?Theythrewawayfoodaswasteduringthemeal.TheymadedisheswithwastevegetablesandfruitsTheyatefoodmadewithwastevegetablesandfruits.TheyhelpedChefDanBarbercreatethespecialmeal.Theunderlinedword“issue”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto .A.result B.problem C.cause D.beginningThewriterorganizesParagraph4byaskingaquestionand .A.givingexamples B.usingnumbersC.listingreasons D.tellingastoryWhichwayofwastinglessfoodismentionedinthepassage?Buyingunsoldfoodfromsupermarkets.Keepingfoodproperlyinfridge.Usingsmallerricebowlswheneatingout.Askingforlessfoodinrestaurants.体裁议论文话题社会热点：食物浪费词数284【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要内容：谈论食物浪费问题，并给出一些解决方案和号召全民重视该问题。19.C。考查细节理解题，难度较小。Whowantstoeatfoodthatisthrownawayaswaste?That’sexactlywhatworldleadersdidatalunchheldbytheUnitedNationin2015.结合第二段首句可知各国领导人吃了被当做垃圾扔掉的水果和蔬菜做成的食物。20.B。考查词义猜测题，难度适中。通过第二段可知，这个活动是为了让领导者更多地关注食物浪费问题。21.C。考查段落结构题，难度适中，通过文章中“firstly,secondly,finally”可以发现，作者通过提问和举例说明的方式来编写这个段落。22.D。考查细节理解题，难度较小。根据第五段第二句“Visitfastfoodrestaurantlessoften,sincetheyusuallymorewasteful.”去快餐店会造成更多的浪费。(2018·浙江杭州)CBananasaretheperfectsnack.Notonlyaretheysweetanddelicious,buttheyareeasytocarryaround,soyoucantakethemanywhere.Bestofall,bananasprovidedifferentthingsthatthehumanbodyneeds!Bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrain.Theygrowonplantsthatlookliketrees.Thebananaplant,however,isconsideredaherbratherthanatreebecauseitdoesn’thaveastrong,woodystem（茎，干）.Theplantscangrowashighas30feet.Whentheyreachtheirfullheight,flowersgrowoutfromthestem.Theseflowersproducebananas.Twoorthreetimeseachyear,theplantsproducefruit.Thebananasgrowtogether,whichseemlike“hands”.Ahandismadeupof10to20bananas.Growerssometimescallbananas“fingers”.Eachbunch（丛）ofbananashasabout15hands,andsoawholebunchmayhaveasmanyas200bananasandcanweighmorethan100pounds.Afteraboutthreemonths,thebananasarereadytobepicked.Atthispoint,theystillaren’tthesunnyyellowcolorofbananas.Farmerspickthemwhenthey’regreen.That’showthey’reshippedtostores.Theyturnyellowalongthewayandarereadytobesold.Ifyoulovebananas,you’vegotalotofcompany.AmericanshavebeenenjoyingbananassincethefirstshipmentarrivedintheUnitedStatesin1876.Today,Americaneatmorebananasthananyotherfruit.Morebananasaresoldthanapplesandgrapestogether.EveryAmericaneatsover26poundsofbananaseachyear!23.Thefirstparagraphmainlytalksabout___________.A.whypeoplelikebananasB.howbananastasteC.whatbananasarerichinD.wherebananasaretaken24.Whatisthecorrectorderinwhichthesehappen?a.Thebananasbegintoturnyellow b.Abananaplantgrowstofullheight.C.Theflowersproducebananas. d.Thebananasarereadytobepicked.A.c-b-a-d B.b-c-d-a C.b-c-a-d D.c-b-d-a25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thebananaplantisakindoftree.B.Bananaslikegrowinginhotanddryareas.C.Onebunchofbananasmayweighover100pounds.D.Thebananaplantusuallyproducesfruitonceayear.26.WhichisthesecondmostpopularfruitinAmericaaccordingtothebarchart?A.Apples. B.Grapes. C.Bananas. D.Oranges体裁说明文话题科普知识词数272【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要从香蕉的营养、生长、生产、出售等方面进行了详细的介绍。23.A。考查主旨大意题。通过第一段的关键词“perfect”、“provide”，关键句“notonly...butalso”可知，第一段主要讲的是为什么人们喜欢香蕉。故选A。24.B。考查细节理解题。通读全文可知，b出现在第二段倒数第二句，再是c出现在第二段倒数第一句，d出现在第四段第一句，最后a出现在第四段最后一句，故B为正确选项。25.C。考查细节理解题。结合文中第二段第三句：thebananaplan，however，isconsideredaherb可排除A项。结合文中第二段的第一句：bananasgrowbestinwarmplacesthatgetlotsofrain可排除B项。根据第三段第一句twoorthreetimeseachyear排除D项。根据第三段最后一句canweighmorethan100pounds相符合。故选C。26.A。考查细节题。此类题目需要结合表格，寻找题干关键词，与表格信息对应。题干关键词“thesecondmostpopular”对应表格第二高的树状图，定位apples。故选A。(2018·浙江杭州)DThereisapopularChinesesayingthat“Fairskin(皮肤)willmakeupforthreeflaws(缺陷)”.ThismentionsthefactthatinChineseculture,itisbelievedthatpeoplewhohavefairskinaremorebeautiful.Inculture,however,theoppositeistrue—manyWesternersthinktannedskinisprettier.Theexampleshowsthatdifferentcultureshavedifferentideasofwhattheythinkisbeautiful.Theseculturalmeaningsofbeauty,however,arenolongerimportant.Asmoreandmorepeopletraveloverseas,ideasaboutbeautyarebeingsharedamongcultures.TheInternethasalsomadeiteasierforpeopletosharedifferenttypesofbeautysincepeoplearealwayspostingpicturesonsocialmedia.Theresultisanever-changingideaofwhatisconsideredbeautiful.Theculturalpracticeofearpiercings,forexample,hasbecomeapartofmoderndayculture.InKenya,itisatraditionamongMasaimenandwomentopierceandthenmaketheirearlobes(耳垂)longerusingivoryandwoodorstones.Theythenwearcolorfulthingsontheirearlobes.Thisisacommonpracticesincelongerearlobesareseenasasignofbeauty.Thistraditionhasnowfounditswayintopresent-dayculture.Nowadays,thismightstillseemunusualtosome,butwithmoreandmorewell-knownactorsandfilmstarsshowingofftheirlongerearlobes,itwillfinallybecomemorefashionable.Itisunderstoodthatdifferentculturesaroundtheworldhavedifferentwaysofshowingbeauty.However,sincewenowliveinaworldwidesociety,people’sviewsaboutbeautyarealwayschanging.WiththehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenowabletoeasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandout.Sowhatnewfashionscanweexpecttoseeinthefuture?Whathasmadeiteasierforpeopletoshareideasaboutbeauty?A.Thedevelopmentoftechnology. B.Thepopularityofthelatestfashions.C.Theunchangedculturaltraditions. D.Theworld’sgrowingpopulation.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMasaipeoplefromthepassage?A.Longerearlobesaretheirnewfashion.B.Onlywomenmaketheirearlobeslonger.C.Theythinklongerearlobeslookbeautiful.D.Theymakeactorsandfilmstarsfamous.Theunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphrefersto .A.people B.ideas C.cultures D.fashionsWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.PeopleinAsiancountrieslikefairskinbetter.B.Beautyisconsideredimportantinmanycultures.C.Differentcultureshavedifferentideasaboutbeauty.D.People’sideasaboutbeautyarechangingallthetime体裁说明文话题社会行为词数307【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了不同国家，不同民族，不同文化对美的不同解读，以及人们审美观点的变化。27.A。细节理解题。根据文章最后倒数第二句“withthehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenoweasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandout”可知，科技的发展使得人们对美的看法更容易传播。故选A。28.C。推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，Masai人民会穿耳洞，用象牙、木头和石头让耳垂变大的目的是为了美。故选C。29.A。词义推理题。根据文中最后一段倒数第二句“WiththehelpoftheInternet,peoplearenowabletoeasilyborrowideasfromotherculturestohelpthemstandout.”可知，此处them指的是people。故选A。30.D。考查主旨大意题。这篇文章第一段最后一句和最后一段第二句，都是文章中心句，都表明了人们对美的理解是一直在变的。故选D。(2018·浙江杭州)第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）下面文章中有五处（第31-35题）需要添加小标题。请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的小标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。Fivewaystomakeagreatfirstimpression（印象）!Researchershavediscoveredthat,ingeneral,itonlytakessevensecondsforapersontostartmakingjudgmentsaboutyouwhentheyfirstmeetyou.That’swhyyoushouldfollowtheseusefultipsonhowtocreateagoodfirstimpression.31. Beforemeetingsomeone,startthinkingaboutthepurposeofthemeeting.Areyoutryingtoimpressthem?Forexample,ifyouwanttomakenewfriendsatasocialevent,youwillwanttoappearfriendly.Andifyoudecidetorunforclasspresidentatyourschool,youwillneedtoappearconfident（自信）.32. Smilingisthemostimportantthingyoucandowhenmeetingsomeonenew.Itshowsthatyou’refriendlyandmakespeoplearoundyoufeelmorecomfortable.Tohaveawinningsmile,makesureyourteetharecleanbybrushingthemeveryday.33. Beforeyoubeginspeaking,youwillbejudgedonyourbodylanguage.Therefore,it’simportanttoshowtrustinyourselfbystandinguptallandputtingyourshouldersback.Besides,ifyouuncrossyourarms,youwillappearrelaxedandfriendly.34. Howyousmellcaninfluencepeople’sfirstimpressionofyou.Ifyouhaveabadbodysmell,itwillputpeopleoff.Inshort,aimtosmellcleanandavoidputtingonalotofscentedproducts.35. Whatyouwearmatters.Whileyoushouldlookcleanandtidy,alsoimportanttodressproperly,whetheryou’regoingtoabirthdaypartyorasportingevent.shouldthinkaboutwhatyourclothessayaboutyou.SmellgoodDresstoimpressGetreadyforaspeechAsmilegoesalongwayBecarefulaboutyourbodylanguageDecidewhatimage（形象）youwanttopresent【解题思路】此类任务型阅读主要是考察考生对于每段大意的把握。这篇文章体裁是说明文。从标题中也可以看出，文章主要围绕建立良好的第一印象的五种方式进行说明。31.F。根据关键词“purposeofthemeeting”，“appearfriendly”，“appearconfident”可知此段主要是说你想要展现的形象，故选F。32.D。根据关键词“smiling”可知此段主要是说微笑的重要性，故选D。33.E。根据关键词“bodylanguage”，可知此段主要是说肢体语言的重要性，故选E。34.A。根据关键词“smell”可知此段主要是说气味的重要性，故选A。35.B。根据关键词“dress”可知此段主要是说穿着的重要性，故选B。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分25分）(2018·浙江杭州)第一节：完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。MyfriendsandIjoinedatwo-daysurvival（生存）trainingcourseinthemountains.Thefirstdaywasreally36—therewassomuchtodo!Arrivingatthecampsite,weweredividedintogroupsandgivenatent,somefood,a37andacompass（指南针）.Standingnexttoasmallriver,Fanny38campinginthegrassyareanearby.However,ourinstructor,Mr.Lee,pointedoutthatitmightflood（淹没）ifitrained.Intheend,wefounda39area.Puttingupthetentwasveryhard.40Mr.Leehelpedusalot.Bythetimewehadputupthetent,41wasreallyhungry.“Wewouldn’thavegotthishungryifwehadbroughtsomesnacks.”Petersaid.Wealltoldhimto42complaining（抱怨）andhelpusstartafiretocookourfood43.Realizingwewerehavingtroublemakingthefire,hefinally44.Thenextdaystartedearly.Wokenbyastrangenoise.Peterwenttoseewhatwas45.“Somecowshaveeatenourbreakfast!”heshouted.“That’sallbecauseyoudidn’t46thefoodproperlylastnight.”saidMr.Lee.WorriedthatMr.Leewasangrywithus,wetriedveryhardonournext 47 －usingthemapandcompasstofindasecretlocation.Wemadeittothelocation 48 theothergroupsdid.Weallfeltveryproudof49.Thesurvivaltrainingcoursewasagreat 50 .NowIfeelIcouldsurviveanywhere!36.A.disappointingB.difficultC.differentD.boring37.A.mapB.bookC.lightD.knife38.A.suggestedB.finishedC.imaginedD.enjoyed39.A.nearerB.lowerC.biggerD.higher40.A.SurprisinglyB.SuddenlyC.LuckilyD.Usually41.A.everyoneB.anyoneC.someoneD.noone42.A.startB.mindC.stopD.continue43.A.yetB.tooC.againD.instead44.A.helpedoutB.gaveoutC.workedoutD.startedout45.A.developingB.happeningC.beginningD.following46.A.throwoffB.putawayC.eatupD.sellout47.A.planB.lessonC.taskD.problem48.A.tillB.afterC.whenD.before49.A.himB.themC.youD.ourselves50.A.exampleB.experienceC.activityD.competition体裁记叙文话题生活经历词数273【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我和我的朋友们参加生存训练课的经历。【解题思路】36.B考查形容词。通过后文对第一天的描述，例如需要搭建帐篷、生火等。作者评论“Puttingupthetentwasveryhard.”以及“weweretroublemakingthefire…”，所以第一天是充满困难的。37.A考查名词。根据文章在山上参加生存训练课，除了需要帐篷、食物、指南针之外，还需要地图。并且第四段也有提到map。38.A考查动词。根据上文，我们需要搭建帐篷，于是Fanny建议露营在草地旁。suggest建议；finish完成；imagine想象；enjoy享受；所以选A39.D考查形容词。根据后文Mr.Lee指出，如果下雨，我们建在草地边的帐篷会被淹掉。水往低处走，所以我们应建在更高的地方。40.C考查副词。根据空格前，搭帐篷很困难，空格后又称Mr.Lee帮助了我们，所以我们表示很幸运。surprisingly，令人惊讶地；suddenly，突然地；luckily，幸运地是；usually，不同寻常地。41.A考查代词。根据后文Peter说“如果我们带了零食，就不会在这挨饿了。”以及后面生火做饭，说明每个人都很饿。42.C考查动词。根据后文让他来帮助我们一起生火，所以是停止抱怨。start“开始”；mind，“介意；stop，“停止”；continue，“继续”；所以选C。43.D考查副词。我们告诉Peter不要抱怨，而是来帮我们一起生火。yet，“然而”；too，“也”；again，“再一次”；instead，“替代，而是”；44.A考查动词。根据上文可判断，意识到我们生火有麻烦时，他最终来帮忙了。helpout，“协助”；giveout，“发表；用完”；workout，“解决；制定”；startout，“开始；着手”。45.B考查动词。根据前文，我们被奇怪的声音吵醒，所以Peter跑出去看发生了什么。develop，“发展；happen，“发生”；begin，“开始”；follow，“跟随”。46.B考查动词。根据上文食物被奶牛吃了，Mr.Lee对Peter说是因为昨晚没有把食物正确储存起来。throwoff，“摆脱”；putaway，“存储”；eatup，“吃完”；sellout，“卖完”。47.C考查名词。空格后破折号表示解释说明，句意“需要用地图和指南针找到一个秘密地。”所以这是一项任务。plan，“计划”；lesson，“课程”；task，“任务”；problem，“问题”。48.D考查连词。句意：我们在其他组找到之前成功找到了秘密地。till“直到……才”；after“在……之后”；when“当……时”；before“在……之前”。49.D考查代词。空格所在的句子主语是we。beproudofoneself，为某人感到自豪。所以选D。50.B考查名词。句意：生存训练是一项很棒的经历。example，“例子”；experience，“经历”；activity，“活动”；competition，“竞赛”。第三部分英语知识应用（共两节，满分25分）(2018·浙江杭州)第二节：（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。Nexttimeyouholdabookinyourhands,stopandthink.Likemostotherthingsinthemodernworld,itistheresultofthousandsofyearsofhumaninvention.First,cametheinventionofwriting, 51 (probable)about5500yearago.Withwriting,peopledidnothavetoremembereverythingintheirheads.Theycouldcommunicatewithpeoplethattheynever 52 (see)andsharetheirknowledgewithfuturegenerations.Later,theGreekswerewell-donefortheirliterature(文学)andscience,buttheir“books”lookedverydifferent53thebooksoftoday.Theywerecalledscrolls(卷轴).Theyweredifficulttouseandtookalotofspaceinalibrary.About2,000yearsago,bookswithlotsofpages54(invent).Formorethanathousandyears,thepagesofbooksweremadefromanimalskin.Thatchangedin 55 thirteenthcentury,whenEuropeanslearnedaboutavery 56 Chineseinvention:paper.ButthebiggestchangeforbooksinEuropecamein1439,whenJohannesGutenberginventedtheprintingpress.Beforethat,booksinEuropewerecopiedbyhand,sotheywereveryexpensive.Manymorepeoplecouldaffordthebooks 57 wereproducedonaprintingpress.Thesedaysitisdifficult 58 (imagine)aworldwithoutbooks.Buthumaninventiondoesnotstop.Everyyear,more 59 (story)areboughtase-booksandreadonascreen.Willanyoneturnthepagesofatraditionalbookinthefuture, 60 willbooks,scrolls,soondisappear?【解题思路】51.probably考查副词。“大概5500年以前”是句子的时间状语，故填probably。句意：首先来说一下写作的由来，大概在5500年以前。52.saw考查时态。此处的saw是定语从句中的谓语动词，考虑时态，根据主句中的could判断从句用一般过去时，故填saw。句意：他们能够与他们从来没有见过的人们交流，和子孙后代们分享他们的知识。53.from/to/than考查介词。bedifferentfrom/to/than表示“与……不同”。句意：后来，希腊人因他们的文学和科学而著名，但是他们的“书籍”看起来和现在的书籍非常不同。54.wereinvented考查被动语态。书和发明之间是被动关系，books是复数，故填wereinvented。句意：大约2000年以前，有很多书页的书被发明了。55.the考查冠词。inthe+序数词+century表示“在第几世纪”，序数词前用定冠词the。句意：书页由兽皮制作的那种现象在13世纪发生改变。56.useful考查形容词。invention是名词，发明，形容词修饰名词，故填useful。句意：当欧洲人了解到中国一个非常有用的发明纸的时候。57.that/which考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是物：thebooks，