2021年上海市高考英语试卷(秋考)(解析卷)

2021年上海市高考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析ListeningComprehensionSectionA1．A.Sheisapolicewoman.B.Sheisashopassistant.C.Sheisateacher.D.Sheisadoctor.【答案】D【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿2．A.HelivesneartheEastLake.B.Heisnotinterestedinthatschool.C.Hehasnotdecidedwhatmajortochoose.D.HewantstoapplytoEastLakeCollege.【答案】B【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿3．A.Comforttheman.B.Findthemanajob.C.Keepthemancompany.D.Evaluatetheman'swork.【答案】A【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿4．A.Thetitleofapainter.B.Acatalogue.C.Thehistoryofthe18thcentury.D.Aworkofart.【答案】D【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿5．A.Shewillgotoworkonfoot.B.Shewillgetoffatheroffice.C.Shewilltakeanothermeansoftransport.D.Shewillwaitforthemanatthenextcrossroads.【答案】C【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿6．A.PrepareforthetestonChapter9.B.ReadaloudChapter9.C.ExplaintheassignmentofChapter9.D.TalkaboutChapter9.【答案】D【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿7．A.Hewillcalloffthenextconference.B.Hecan'tcontactthewomanbyemail.C.Hewillhavehiscomputerfixedtomorrow.D.Hecan'tdecideonthedatefortheconference.【答案】B【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿8．A.Shehasputawaytheboy'sshoes.B.Shewillwashtheboy'sshoes.C.Theboyneedn'tgotoschooltoday.D.Theboycan'tgettoschoolontime.【答案】C【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿9．A.Packthefreepizzas.B.Preparelunchbyherself.C.WorkatPizzaKitchen.D.Gotoahealthclubtoloseweight.【答案】B【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿10．A.Hewillgetthereservationdone.B.NotwinroomisavailableinMarch.C.Hewillcallthewomanatalatertime.D.Thewomanshouldchangeherschedule.【答案】A【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿SectionB11．（1）A.Workersexploreflexibleapproachestofightingsleepinessatwork.B.Companiesneedmorefacilitiesfortheirworkers'on﹣sitenapping.C.Companiesencouragetheirworkerstonaponthejob.D.Workersdemandmorecareabouttheirsleepquality.（2）A.Gohomefora20﹣minutenap.B.Takea10﹣minutenapat3p.m.C.Dosportswithpersonaltrainers.D.Sleepinaroomwithabedandpillows.（3）A.Takinganapimproveshisworkefficiency.B.Usingacalculatorpreventshimmakingmistakes.C.Heworkslongerthananyotheremployeeinthefirm.D.Heworksasanaccountantinaconsultingcompany.【答案】CBA【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿12．（1）A.Asearchenginedevelopedbyalibrary.B.AnintroductiontothePearlLibrary.C.Aperson﹣to﹣personinformationservice.D.Changesthatsearchenginesbringtous.（2）A.Itmaygiveyoualargenumberofresults.B.Itmaycauseyourcomputertobreakdown.C.Itwillprovideunreliableinformation.D.Itwilltakealongtimetoshowtheanswers.（3）A.Itrecommendswhattoreadwhenyoumisskeyinformation.B.Itoffersasatisfactoryanswereventoavaguequestion.C.Itteachesyouhowtolookforinformation.D.Itisaccessiblefor9hours7daysaweek.【答案】BAB【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿13．（1）A.Whatbenefitssummerjobshave.B.Howthewomancanfindasummerjob.C.Whichsummercampsuitsthewoman.D.Howtheycansucceedinaninterview.（2）A.Itwillgiveherusefulexperience.B.Itwillbeabetter﹣paidjob.C.Itwillenablehertokeepincontactwithhim.D.Itwillsecureafull﹣timejobforher.（3）A.Itisheldeveryweek.B.Itopensfor9hours.C.Participantsshouldn'tdresscasually.D.Participantsneedn'tcarrytheirresumes.（4）A.Sheisgoingtobeateacher.B.Shewantstobeatopstudent.C.Sheisconfidentofherfuture.D.Shetakesinterestincamplife.【答案】BADA【分析】详见高考英语听力试题文字稿2021上海高考英语听力试题文字稿SectionA（1-10）1.M:SeemslikeI'mrunningafever.W:Don'tworry.I'llgiveyouabloodtestfirst.Q:Whatismostprobablythewoman'sjob?2.W:Areyoucheckingoutsomecolleges?EastLakeCollegeisaprettyneatschool.M:Buttheydon'toffermanymajors.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?3.M:Iwasfired.Ithoughtmyworkcanbevaluedbythecompany.W:Sorrytohearthat.Butit'snottheendoftheworld.Cheerup!Q:Whatisthewomantryingtodo?4.W:Doyouhappentoknowthetitleofthisoilpainting?M:Noidea.Maybeanearly18thcenturywork.Youcanlookitupinthecatalog.Q:Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?5.M:Oh,itlookslikethetrafficisreallybad.Stillanotherhourtogettoyouroffice.W:OK,thenIwillgobysubway.PleasestopatthenextcrossroadsandIwillgetoutthere.Q:Whatcanwelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?6.M:What'stheassignmentfortoday,Mrs.Taylor?W:Well,readChapter9inyourtextbook,andgetpreparedtodiscusswhatyou'vereadnextMonday.Q:WhatwillthemanberequiredtodonextMonday?7.W:Willyoupleaseemailmetomorrow?Let'sfixthedateforournextconference.M:Mycomputerisbroken.CanIcallyou?Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?8.M:Mom,wherearemyblueshoes?Iwillbelateforschool.W:Iwashedthemthismorning.Lastnightyoutoldmeyou'dhaveadayoffschooltoday.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.W:IhavegainedweightsinceIstartedtoworkatapizzakitchen.M:1knowtheyofferemployeesfreepizzasformeals.Butyoucouldpackyourownhealthylunch.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?10.W:HaveyoubookedatwinroominWesthotelforaholiday?M:Notyet.Thelinewasbusy.Iwillringlater.Butthathotelisneverfullinlarge.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?SectionB(11)It'sadailystruggleknowntoofficeworkerstheworldover:aproductivemorningrewardedwithadecentlunchandthenatabout3pmtherecomestheirresistiblesleepiness.Ashortnapcanpromotealertnessandimproveperformancewhichareimportantwhenyouareatwork.Nowmanycompanieswiththestrongcommitmenttoemployeeawarenesshaverealizedthebenefitsofon-sitesnapping.YouyouCorporation–aconsultingcompany-–hasaflexibleapproach.Employeescantakeanapfor30minutesatmostanytimebetweenIpmand4pm.AnothercompanyTimandJerril's,whichalreadyoffersemployeespersonaltrainers,nowsuppliesaroomwithabedandpillowsthatemployeescanuseasneeded.Oneofitsrepresentativessays,"Ifpeopleneedtocatchanapduringtheday,we'rebehindit".AnIIfirmNewLinkallowsitsemployeestotakea20-minutepowernapatdesks.Introducedtwoyearsago,thepolicyhasprovedahugehit.MrLin,anaccountantinNewLink,toldalocalnewspaper:"IfIuseacalculatorwhenIamsleepy,Ihavetodoublecheckmyworkforfearofmakingmistakes.Soittakeslonger.Thankstothepolicy,myworkperformancehasimproved."11.（1）What'sthespeakermainlytalkingabout?（2）.WhichofthefollowingcantheemployeesofYouyouCompanydo?（3）.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMr.Lin?Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Searchengineshavecompletelychangedhowweaccessinformationandwhowegetitfrom.Theyarefast,easyandgreat.Buttherearesomanyquestionsyoucan'tlookuponline.Somearetoocomplexbecausetheyhavetwoormoreparts,andothersareimpossibletosearchbecauseyoucan'trememberanameoranexactyear,soyougettoomanyresultstomakeyoursearchuseful.Ormaybeyoujustaren'tnearacomputerorwifi.That'swhenAPLcanmakeadifference.WithAPL,youcanputquestionstoaninformationspecialistatthePearlLibrary.Foroverfortyyears,APLhasbeenansweringpeople'squestionsbylookingthingsupinavarietyoftexts,recordings,andotherresources.Andthesepeopleareexpertresearcherssotheyknowwheretolookforinformation,whichiskeyinprovidingareallygoodqualityanswer.Sometimesaccuracyismoreimportantthangettingmillionsofresultsinasecond.ThenhowcanyouaccessAPL?Youcancall21518between9AMand6PM,MondaythroughSaturday.Oneoftheteninformationspecialistswillansweryourquestionevenifthequestionhasmultipleparts,andevenifyou'remissingsomekeyinformation.That'sthebenefitofahumanoveracomputer.Plus,ifyouneedsomerecommendedreading.they'vegotthatcovered,too.Questions:12.（1）What'sthespeakermainlytalkingabout?问题：短文的主旨大意？题型：主旨题参考：介绍信息查询方式APL（2）Whatwillasearchenginedoifyoutypeinamuchtoocomplicatedquestion?问题：如果你键入一个太复杂的问题，搜索引擎会出现什么？原文信息：Somearetoocomplexbecausetheyhavetwoormoreparts,andothersareimpossibletosearchbecauseyoucan'trememberanameoranexactyear,soyougettoomanyresultstomakeyoursearchuseful.参考:Itwillprovidesomanyresultstomakeyoursearchuseful.（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofAPL?问题：以下哪个信息正确?题型：细节Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.M:Whatareyougongtodothissummer,Sue?W:Well,Icanworkfull-timeatmyuncle'srestaurantifIwantto.Themoneyisprettygood,butIamthinkingofgettingsomeexperienceinmyfield.I'mgraduatingnextyear.M:Maybeyoushouldtryadifferentsummerjob.Itwouldmeanapaycut.Butit'llbeworthit.Notonlydoyougetexperience,youmakeallkindsofcontacts.W:ButIjusthavenoideahowtofindasuitableone.M:Whynotgotothesummerjobfiair?Hangon.I'vegotaleafletinmybagW:Great.M:It'snextweekonthelóthatthestudents'centerfrom9amto3p.m.W:That'swonderful!ShouldIdressasifT'mgoingtoaninterview?M:Itdoesn'tmentionhowyoushoulddress.W:ShallIbringmyrésumé?M:It'snotrequired.Butit'sagoodidea.W:Okay.Doesitsaywhatkindsofsummerjobsareavailable?Youknow.Iwanttobeateacher.M:Youcantrytogethiredatasunmercamp.SeveralarelistedonthereW:Excellent.Iwilltry.M:Youwon'thaveanytrouble.Youarethetopofyourclass.W:Thanksforthevoteofconfidence--Questions13.（1）Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?主旨题原文信息:Whatareyougoingtodothissummer,Sue?参老：关于女生是的工作的里（或类似）（2）Accordingtotheman.whyshouldthewomanfindadifferentsummerjob?问题：男生为什么认为女生应读找一个不同的号假工？原文信息：M:Maybeyoushouldtryadifferentsummerjob..Notonlydoyougetexperience,youmakeallkindsofcontacts.参考:Notonlydoyougetexperience,youmakeallkindsofcontacts(或类似)（3）Whatcanbeleamedaboutthesummerjobfair?问题：对暑假招聘会说法正确的是?原文信息：①It'snextweekonthe16thatthestudentcenterfrom9amto3pmItdoesn'tmentionhowyoushoulddress.It'snotrequired(tobringaresume)参考：见原文信息（4）Whydoesthemanrecommendthewomantoworkatthesummercamp?问题：为什么男生建议女生在夏令营工作？原文信息：.W:Doesitsaywhatkindsofsummerjobsareavailable?Youknow.Iwanttobeateacher.M:Youcantrytogethiredatasummercamp.Severalarelistedonthere参考：夏令营有老师的工作（或类似）GrammarandVocabularySectionA14．TheSpreadofDiseaseTravelingfromonecitytoanothercanleadtothespreadofdisease.Whenpeoplearriveinanewplace，theymaybringinbacteriathat（1）wasnot（notbe）presentinthepast.Thepeopletherehavenonaturalprotection（2）againstthesenewbacteria，sotheycatchthediseasemoreeasily.（3）Becauseitisunfamiliar，healthworkersmaynotidentifyitorstopitfromspreading.Peoplewiththediseasemaycontinuetohavecontactwithothers.Inthisway，thebacteriatravelfrompersontopersonthroughthepopulation.Thiswas（4）whathappened，forexample，whensoldierstravelledbackhomeattheendoftheFirstWorldWar.ThesesoldiersbroughtwiththemtheSpanishflu，and（5）itcostmillionsoflives.Heatingandcoolingsystemsinbuildingscanalsobeasourceofdisease.Takeoldairconditionersinwindowsasanexample.Theytendtocollectdirtandwater，whichmakesiteasyforbacteria（6）togrow（grow）.Thenwhentheairconditioner（7）isturned（turn）on，thebacteriawillbeblownintothehomeorofficeandmakepeoplesick.Bacteriagrowfastinthewaterofthecoolingtowers.Theyarethensentthroughoutthebuildingwiththeairconditioningandcanaffectanyoneinthebuilding.ScientistsfirstrecognizedthisprobleminJuly1976，by（8）thattime221peoplehadbecomeseriouslyill.Pollutionoftheoceanscanalsobeafactorinspreadingdisease.Thepollutionmaybecausedbyfertilizersthatwashintoriversandthenintotheocean，orbyhumanwaste（9）dumped（dump）directlyintotheoceanwithnoprocessing.Thesepollutantsresultintheincreasedgrowthoftinyplantsthatarecalledalgae.Theycanformathickmassinthewater，（10）providing（provide）aperfectenvironmentforcholera，afataldisease.【答案】（1）wasnot（2）against（3）Because（4）what（5）it（6）togrow（7）isturned（8）that（9）dumped（10）providing【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了疾病是如何传播的。【解答】（1）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当人们到达一个新的地方时，他们可能会带来过去不存在的细菌。根据inthepast可知时态为一般过去时，主语是bacteria，be动词用was。故填wasnot。（2）考查介词。句意：那里的人对这些新细菌没有天然的抵抗力，所以他们更容易感染这种疾病。protectionagainst为固定搭配，意为"防御"。故填against。（3）考查连词。句意：由于不熟悉，卫生工作者可能无法识别它或阻止它的传播。根据句意可知此处表示原因，单词首字母大写。故填Because。（4）考查表语从句。例如，当士兵们在第一次世界大战结束后回家时，就会发生这种情况。根据句意可知空处引导表语从句，表示发生的事情，用what引导。故填what。（5）考查代词。句意：这些士兵带来了西班牙流感，夺走了数百万人的生命。根据句意可知空处指代上文的theSpanishflu，用it指代。故填it。（6）考查不定式。句意：他们倾向于收集灰尘和水，这使得细菌很容易生长。分析句子结构可知此处使用it作形式主语，空处使用不定式作真正的主语。故填togrow。（7）考查时态及语态。句意：然后，当空调打开时，细菌就会被吹进家里或办公室，使人生病。根据句意可知时态为一般现在时，主语theairconditioner和turn之间是被动关系，使用被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填isturned。（8）考查固定搭配。句意：科学家们在1976年7月首次发现了这个问题，当时已经有221人患了重病。bythattime为固定搭配，意为"到那时"。故填that。（9）考查过去分词。句意：污染可能是由流入河流然后流入海洋的肥料造成的，或者是由未经处理的人类排泄物直接倾倒到海洋中造成的。分析句子结构可知空处使用非谓语，dump和humanwaste之间是被动关系，使用过去分词形式作状语。故填dumped。（10）考查现在分词。句意：它们可以在水中形成厚厚的一团，为致命疾病霍乱提供了完美的环境。分析句子结构可知空处使用非谓语，provide和主语They之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式作状语。故填providing。【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。SectionB15．A.allowB.botheringC.gapD.inaccessibleE.inefficientF.jumpedG.personalizedH.placeI.purchaseJ.skippingK.strategiesGroceryshoppinginpersonoronline：Whichisbetter？KarenSpadeknowshowtocollectcoupons（优惠券）andpricematch.Sherunsherownsavingswebsitetoteachotherstoshopandsaveasshedoes.Yetwhenanearbygrocerystorestartedofferingonlineshoppingaboutmonthago，Spade（1）Fatthechancetotryit.Shedidn'tevencaretherewasadeliveryfeeandthestoredidnot（2）Apapercouponsorpricematchingforonlineorders.Whywouldapowershopperbewillingtogiveupsomeofherfavoritesavings（3）Ktoshoponline？"Forshoppers（4）Dtocollectcouponsandpricematch，shoppingin﹣storewillbringbiggersavings，"Spadeexplained."Butmanypeoplearenevergoingtodothatand，forthemonlineshoppingisanotherwaytosave，becauseyoucankeepaneyeonyourrunningtotalasyoushoptosticktoyourbudget."SoSpadetooktheplungeandmanagedto（5）Hherfirstorder."Iwenttothestoreafterwardstotestoutwhattheprice（6）Cwouldhavebeen，shesaid，"andIfoundeverythingorderedwasthesamepriceatthestore."Soifthisisthecase，thenit'sallaboutwhetheryoucanmakebackthedeliveryfee.Storeschargebetween﹩7.95and﹩12.95todeliveryourgroceries，dependingonthesizeofyour（7）I.Youoffset（抵消）littleofthatmoneyrightawaybecauseyoudonothavetopayforgas，butthebiggestbenefitisthetimesavedby（8）Jthetrip.Shoppingonlinesavestimeinanotherway.Evenonyourveryfirstonlineshoppingtrip，ifyouenteryourloyaltycardnumber，alltheproductsyou'veboughtbeforeatthestoreshouldpopupasa（n）（9）Gshoppinglist.Justclicktheonesyou'dliketobuyagainandyou'redone.No（10）Bwanderinginthestore.【答案】（1）﹣（5）FAKDH（6）﹣（10）CIJGB【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章通过消费者Spade的经历讲述了网购的好处。【解答】（1）考查动词时态。句意：然而，大约一个月前，当附近的一家杂货店开始提供网上购物时，Spade抓住了这个尝试的机会。分析可知，主句中缺少谓语，且表示"抓住机会"，短语jumpatthechance符合题意，结合从句时态可知，句子是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填jumped。故选F。（2）考查动词原形。句意：她甚至不在乎有送货费，也不在乎商店不允许使用纸质优惠券或在线订单的价格匹配。助动词didnot后应用动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示"允许"，应用动词allow。故选A。（3）考查可数名词复数。句意：为什么一个超级购物者会愿意放弃她最喜欢的一些节省策略去网上购物呢？分析可知，此处应用名词作介词of的宾语，结合句意可知，名词strategy"策略"符合题意，结合语境可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填strategies。故选K。（4）考查形容词。句意：Spade解释道："对于无法领取优惠券和价格匹配的购物者来说，在商店购物将带来更大的节省。"根据句意及后文to可知，形容词inaccessible"不可得到的"符合题意。故选D。（5）考查动词原形。句意：于是Spade冒险成功下了第一个订单。根据空前不定式符号to可知，此处应用动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示"下单"，应用动词place。故选H。（6）考查可数名词单数。句意：她说："之后我去了商店，测试了一下价格差距，我发现订购的所有东西的价格都和商店里的价格一样。"结合句意表示"价格差距"，应用短语pricegap，故填gap。故选C。（7）考查可数名词单数。句意：根据您购买的物品的大小，商店的运送费在7.95美元和12.95美元之间。分析可知，形容词性物主代词your后应用名词作介词of的宾语，结合句意表示"购买的物品"，应用名词purchase，结合语境可知，此处特指您购买的物品，应用其单数形式，故填purchase。故选I。（8）考查动名词。句意：你可以立即抵消一点钱，因为你不必支付汽油费，但最大的好处是不跑这一趟节省的时间。分析可知，此处应用动名词作介词by的宾语，结合句意表示"不做"，应用动词skip，故填skipping。故选J。（9）考查形容词。句意：即使是在你的第一次网上购物之旅中，如果你输入了你的积分卡，你以前在商店购买的所有产品都会出现成为一个个性化的购物清单。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词短语shoppinglist，结合句意可知，形容词personalized"个性化的"符合题意。故选G。（10）考查动名词。句意：不要费力在店里闲逛了。根据句意可知，此处表示"不必费心"，应用nobothering，故填bothering。故选B。【点评】如何做选词填空1.根据语法，判断词性一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。2.利用语境，确定词形当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。ReadingComprehensionSectionA16．Peoplebelievethathavingpetsisoverallagoodthingforchildren.Butdoesthisbeliefholdupto（1）B？Thenewfieldofhuman﹣animalinteractionaimstofindout.Tenyearsago，whenpsychologistJoanSmithreviewedtheliteratureonchild﹣animalrelationships，shereportedthatinteractingwithanimalsledyoungchildrentobetterunderstandbiologythanpet﹣lesschildren.Kindergartenerswhohadcaredforgoldfishweremore（2）Cwhenrespondingtoquestionslike"doesagoldfishhaveaheart？"Theyalsomoreeasily（3）Abiologicalinformationfromonespeciestoanother，inferringthatbabyfrogsgetbiggerjustlikegoldfishdo.Shealsoreportsthatthosekidswhoturnedtotheirpetsforemotionalsupportwereless（4）Dthanthesewhodidn't.Thepasttenyearshaveseensomeadvances，butliteratureonthetopicisstillrather（5）A.ArecentpaperbyresearcherMegBrownatLakesideUniversity（6）Bsomeimportantinformationtothediscussion.Sheturnedtoadatasetthatincludesinformationfrom7，000kids，rangingin（7）Bfromthirteentonineteenyears.Forthestudy，bothpetowningandothertypesof（8）Dactivities，likehorsebackriding，wereconsideredashuman﹣animalinteractionexperience.Shefoundthatadolescentswithanimalexperienceweremorelikelytoseethemselvesasimportant（9）Ctotheircommunities，suchasdoingcommunityservice.Shealsofoundthatthehigherthelevelof（10）Cbetweenateenagerandanimals，thehighertheyscoredonmeasurementsofemotionalconnectednessingeneral.Whilecausality（因果关系）cannotbedetermined，Brownsaysthatitisatleast（11）Athatchildrenandadolescentscanlearnabouthealthysocialrelationshipsfromtheirexperiencesofinteractingwithanimals."Ifaconnectionexistsbetweentheskillsrequiredfortheserelationships，thenitmightbeusefultomakeuseofanimalrelationshipsasawayto（12）Dthedevelopmentofsocialskills，"shesays.Brownisawareofthelimitationsofherstudy.Itcan'treachanyconclusionsaboutthecausalroleofanimalsinkids'lives，andit'slimitedto（13）Anationwide.Besides，thestudywasnotdesignedto（14）Banypotentialnegativeeffectsofhuman﹣animalinteractionexperiences.Someotherstudies，forexample，haveshownthatpetownershavehigherlevelsofpsychological（15）D，likedepression，thannon﹣petowners.（1）A.commonsenseB.scientificevidenceC.universalassumptionsD.naturaltendencies（2）A.enthusiasticB.curiousC.accurateD.serious（3）A.transferredB.collectedC.judgedD.spread（4）A.cautiousB.vigorousC.ambitiousD.anxious（5）A.limitedB.reliableC.variedD.fascinating（6）A.owesB.addsC.restrictsD.adapts（7）A.statusB.ageC.heightD.performance（8）A.animal﹣watchingB.animal﹣ledC.animal﹣friendlyD.animal﹣related（9）A.donatorsB.delegatesC.contributorsD.witnesses（10）A.differenceB.isolationC.attachmentD.disapproval（11）A.possibleB.questionableC.misleadingD.uncertain（12）A.blockB.stressC.involveD.promote（13）A.teenagersB.researchersC.pet﹣lesschildrenD.petowners（14）A.doawaywithB.throwlightonC.takeadvantageofD.makeupfor（15）A.needsB.testsC.explanationsD.disorders【答案】BCADABBDCCADABD【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人与动物互动对儿童的影响。过去的研究表明，与动物互动可以帮助儿童更好地理解生物学知识，并且能够提供情感支持。最近的研究发现，有动物互动经验的青少年更有可能认为自己在社区中扮演重要角色，并且与动物的情感联系程度越高，他们在情感上的连结度也越高。尽管这些研究不能确定因果关系，但它们表明与动物互动可以促进儿童和青少年的社交技能发展。然而，这些研究也存在一些限制，无法确定动物在儿童生活中的因果作用，并且仅限于特定地区的研究。此外，一些其他研究还发现，养宠物的人比不养宠物的人更容易出现心理问题，如抑郁。【解答】（1）考查名词短语及语境理解。A.commonsense常识；B.scientificevidence科学证据；C.universalassumptions普遍假设；D.naturaltendencies自然倾向。句意：但这种观点经得起科学证据的检验吗？。根据前一句"人们认为养宠物对孩子来说是一件好事"及后一句"人与动物相互作用的新领域旨在找到答案"可知，该空意思是"科学证据"。故选B。（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.enthusiastic热情的；B.curious好奇的；C.accurate准确的；D.serious严重的。句意：在回答"金鱼有心脏吗？"这样的问题时，照顾过金鱼的幼儿园孩子的回答更为准确。根据前句"她报告说，与没有宠物的孩子相比，与动物互动能让年幼的孩子更好地理解生物学。"可知，该空所在句表示养过金鱼的孩子回答更"准确"。故选C。（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.transferred转移；B.collected收集；C.judged裁决；D.spread扩散。句意：他们还更容易将生物信息从一个物种转移到另一个物种。根据后文"推断小青蛙会像金鱼一样变大"可知，该空所在句意思是从一个生物"转移"到另一个生物。故选A。（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.cautious小心的；B.vigorous精力充沛的；C.ambitious有抱负的；D.anxious焦虑的。句意：她还报告说，那些向宠物寻求情感支持的孩子比那些没有宠物的孩子更不焦虑。根据语境可知，有宠物相伴的孩子更不"焦虑"。故选D。（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.limited有限的；B.reliable可靠的；C.varied多变的；D.fascinating迷人的。句意：但关于这一主题的文献仍然相当有限。根据but可知，该句意思与前一句"在过去的十年中已经取得了一些进展"发生转折，所以该空意思是"有限的"。故选A。（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.owes亏欠；B.adds补充；C.restricts约束；D.adapts适应。句意：湖边大学研究员梅格•布朗最近发表的一篇论文为这一讨论补充了一些重要信息。在第二段中表述了心理学家琼•史密斯的观点，所以该段提到的研究员梅格•布朗的论文应是"补充"观点和信息。故选B。（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.status地位；B.age年龄；C.height身高；D.performance表演。句意：她求助于一个数据集，其中包括7000名儿童的信息，年龄从13岁到19岁不等。根据空后的"从13岁到19岁不等"可知，该空意思是"年龄"。故选B。（8）考查复合形容词及语境理解。A.animal﹣watching动物观赏的；B.animal﹣led动物引导的；C.animal﹣friendly动物友好的；D.animal﹣related动物互动的。句意：在这项研究中，养宠物和其他类型的动物相关活动，如骑马，都被认为是人类与动物的互动的体验。根据句意可知，该句提到人类与动物之间进行的互动，所以该空意思是"与动物互动的"。故选D。（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.donators捐赠者；B.delegates代表；C.contributors贡献者；D.witnesses目击者。句意：她发现，有动物经历的青少年更有可能将自己视为社区的重要贡献者，比如做社区服务。根据空后的"做社区服务"可知，该空意思是"贡献者"。故选C。（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.difference差异；B.isolation孤立；C.attachment依恋；D.disapproval不赞同。句意：她还发现，青少年与动物之间的依恋程度越高，他们在情感联系方面的总体得分就越高。根据句意可知，该句表达的是人与动物之间的"依恋"。故选C。（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.possible可能的；B.questionable可疑的；C.misleading误导的；D.uncertain不确定的。句意：虽然因果关系无法确定，但布朗说，儿童和青少年至少有可能从他们与动物互动的经历中学习到健康的社会关系。分析句子可知，该句是while"虽然，尽管"引导的让步主语从句，上一句"虽然因果关系无法确定"，那么下一句意思发生转折，故该空意思是"可能"。故选A。（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.block阻塞；B.stress强调；C.involve牵涉；D.promote促进。句意："如果这些关系所需的技能之间存在联系，那么利用动物关系作为促进社会技能发展的一种方式可能是有用的，"她说。根据该空前后"利用动物关系"及"社会技能发展"可知，该空意思是"促进"。故选D。（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.teenagers青少年；B.researchers研究人员；C.pet﹣lesschildren没宠物的孩子；D.petowners宠物主人。句意：它无法得出任何关于动物在儿童生活中的因果作用的结论，而且仅限于全国的青少年。本文主要讲述动物与儿童及青少年之间的关系的研究，所以该空意思是"青少年"。故选A。（14）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.doawaywith取消；B.throwlighton阐明，揭示；C.takeadvantageof利用；D.makeupfor弥补。句意：此外，这项研究并不是为了揭示人类与动物互动体验的任何潜在负面影响。根据空后名词"负面影响"，可知该空意思是"揭示"。故选B。（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.needs需要；B.tests测验；C.explanations解释；D.disorders紊乱，障碍。句意：例如，其他一些研究表明，养宠物的人比不养宠物的人有更高程度的心理障碍，比如抑郁症。根据空前的"心理"及空后的"比如抑郁症"可知，该空意思是"障碍"。故选D。【点评】完形填空所涉及的内容广泛，考查的知识点难度在逐渐提高。要做好此类题，首先要通读全文，初步了解文章大意；然后结合选项，再读文章，考虑上下文句意的衔接，结合语法、句法、词法，做到语义通顺，初步确定选项；完成初步填后，再通读文章，检查文章是否通顺流畅，用词是否得当，意思是否完整。SectionB17．ASwedishProfessoratNaturalHistorycameouttothefarmtoaskmeforhelp.HehadcometoAfricatofindoutatwhatstageoftheembryo（胚胎）statethefootofthemonkeysbeginstodifferfromthehumanfoot.ForthispurposehemeanttogoandshootColobusmonkeysonMountElgon."YouwillneverfindoutfromtheColobusmonkeys，"Isaidtohim，"theyliveinthetopsofthetreesandareshyanddifficulttoshoot.Itwouldbethegreatestluckshouldyougettheembryoyouwant."TheProfessorwashopeful.Hewasgoingtostayouttillhehadgothisfoot，hesaid，evenifitwasbeforyears.HehadappliedtotheGameDepartmentforpermissiontoshootthemonkeyshewanted.Thepermissionhewas，inviewofthehighscientificobjectofhisresearch，certaintoget，butsofar，hehadhadnoreply."Howmanymonkeyshaveyouaskedtobeallowedtoshoot？"IaskedhimHetoldmethathehad，tobeginwith，askedforpermissiontoshootfifteenhundredmonkeys.NowIknewthepeopleattheGameDepartment，andIassistedhimtosendinasecondletteraskingforareplybyreturnofpost，sincetheProfessorwaskeentogetoffonhisresearch.TheanswerfromtheGameDepartmentdid，foronce，comebyreturnofpost.TheGameDepartment，theywrote，werepleasedtoinformProfessorLandgreenthat，inviewofthescientificobjectofhisresearch，theyhadseentheirwaytomakeanexceptionfromtheirrules，andtoraisethenumberofmonkeysonhislicensefromfourtosix.IhadtoreadtheletterovertwicetotheProfessor.Whenthecontentsatlastwerecleartohim，hebecamesodeadlyshockedandhurt，thathedidnotsayasingleword.Tomyexpressionsofsympathyhemadenoreply，butwalkedoutofthehouse，gotintohiscaranddroveawaysadly.（1）By"Itwouldbethegreatestluckshouldyougettheembryoyouwant"，theauthorimpliesthatA.A.itwasnoeasyjobtogetColobusmonkeysB.therewereveryfewColobusmonkeysinAfricaC.hewishedtheProfessorgoodluckindoingtheresearchD.theProfessorwassuretoobtaintheembryodespitethedifficulties（2）WhatcanbelearnedabouttheGameDepartmentfromthepassage？BA.ItfundedtheProfessor'sscientificresearch.B.ItallowedtheProfessortoshootonlysixmonkeys.C.Itwassetuptohelpresearcherstofindwildanimals.D.ItmaderulesaboutwheretoshootColobusmonkeys.（3）WhydidtheProfessorsaynothingaftertheauthorreadthelettertohim？CA.TheProfessorfoundhisresearchwasmeaningless.B.TheProfessorrealizedhiscrueltyinshootingmonkeys.C.TheProfessorcouldn'tcarryouthisresearchasexpectedD.TheProfessorfeltsorryforbriningtroubletotheauthor.（4）Whichofthefollowingiscoveredinthepassage？BA.ThescarcityofColobusmonkeys.B.ThechangeoftheProfessor'smood.C.TheoriginoftheGameDepartment.D.Thesignificanceofanimalprotection.【答案】ABCB【分析】这是一篇说明文，短文主要讲述了一个瑞典教授来非洲进行研究但却失败而归的故事。【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段"YouwillneverfindoutfromtheColobusmonkeys，"Isaidtohim，"theyliveinthetopsofthetreesandareshyanddifficulttoshoot.Itwouldbethegreatestluckshouldyougettheembryoyouwant."（"你永远不会从疣猴那里知道，"我对他说，"它们住在树顶，很害羞，很难射击。如果你能得到你想要的胚胎，那就太幸运了。"）可推断，作者说这句话是想说明找到疣猴并不容易。故选A。（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段TheGameDepartment，theywrote，werepleasedtoinformProfessorLandgreenthat，inviewofthescientificobjectofhisresearch，theyhadseentheirwaytomakeanexceptionfromtheirrules，andtoraisethenumberofmonkeysonhislicensefromfourtosix.（他们写道，游戏部很高兴地通知兰德格林教授，鉴于他研究的科学目标，他们已经想办法破例，把他执照上的猴子数量从四只增加到六只。）可知，游戏部门只允许教授射杀六只猴子。故选B。（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Whenthecontentsatlastwerecleartohim，hebecamesodeadlyshockedandhurt，thathedidnotsayasingleword.（当他终于明白了里面的内容时，他感到非常震惊和伤心，一句话也没说。）可知，教授不说话是因为他为不能像预期的那样进行研究而感到悲伤。故选C。（4）细节理解题。根据第三段TheProfessorwashopeful.（教授满怀希望。）及最后一段Tomyexpressionsofsympathyhemadenoreply，butwalkedoutofthehouse，gotintohiscaranddroveawaysadly.（对我表示的同情，他没有回答，而是走出家门，钻进他的汽车，伤心地开车走了。）可知，我们可以在文中看到教授心情的变化。故选B。【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。18．COMMONRUNNINGINJURIESRunningisagreatformofexercise.However，runningundercertainconditionscancauseavarietyofinjuries.TheNationalRunningAssociationrecentlyreleasedtheresultsofitslatestsurveyoncommonrunninginjuries，asillustratedinthepictureontheright.Accordingtot