2023届上海市虹口区高考一模英语试题 附解析

英语 2022.12ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionyouwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Inaschool.B.Inagasstation.C.Inahospital.D.Inagarage.2.A.At9:30.B.At9:40.C.At10:09.D.At10:39.A.Planningasportsevent. B.Writinguplocalnews.C.ReadingaD.Puttingupadvertisements.A.Itisluxurious. B.Itissatisfactory. C.Itiscompetitive. D.Itisdisappointing.A.HehashadtoomanyholidaysthisB.Heisn’tinthemoodtotravel.C.PhuketistoofarforafamilyD.Familyholidaysnolongerinteresthim.A.Hisgrandmaisquitefondofthedress.Thesaladanddressingtastesverygood.Thesaladanddressingcan’tmatchhisgrandma’s.Hisgrandmacan’tmakedelicioussaladwithdressing.A.Sheisthespeakers’boss. B.SheisnotathomethisC.Sheisnoteasy-going. D.Sheseldominvitespeopletoherhome.A.Thewomandoesn’tlikeSerbia. B.ThewomanhasbeentoSerbia.C.ThewomanisplanningatriptoSerbia. D.ThewomanhasnoideaaboutSerbia.A.LivewithJaneandSophie.AskSophieaboutheraccommodation.Invitetobeherroommate.SharearoomwithJane.A.Theplanewillleaveat3:20. B.Theplane’sdeparturetimeremainsunknown.C.Themanhasjustmissedhisflight. D.ThemanisatawrongcheckinSectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillspokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.64years. B.59years.C.56years. D.46years.A.Developingbetterhealthcaresystems. B.GoingthroughtheCovid19crisis.C.Easingtheburdentothehealthservices. D.Loweringthepublichealthbudgets.A.effectiveworkinAfrica.Developmentofnewhealthpolicies.MeasurestoliftpeoplefromSuggestionsforpublichealtheffortsinAfrica.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Quittingtotalktosomeone. B.Leavingtheofficewithouttellinganyone.C.Abandoningextraworkduties. D.Stoppingworryingaboutworkperformance.A.FiringthetroubledemployeesB.Forgettingaboutinactiveworkers.C.Creatingabettercommunicationculture.D.Buildingadirectsystemofpushingmessages.A.Reasonsbehindanofficeculture. B.Solutionstoaworkplaceconflict.C.TipsforasuccessfuljobD.StepsofbuildingalivelyQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.onhisB.Thinkingofaprofessor.C.anap. D.Lookingforareferencebook.A.Itiscomplicating. B.Itisboring. C.Itisinspiring. D.Itischallenging.A.AstudentgavealectureonAmericanRevolution.Theprofessorfailedtoanswerastudent’squestion.TheprofessorshowedhismasteryofAmericanAstudentwasaskedatoughquestionbytheprofessor.A.ProfessorRiversthinkshighlyofProfessorAnderson.ProfessorRiversisinterestedinstudies.ProfessorRiversknowslittleinthisarea.ProfessorRivershasalotofsparetime.GrammarandSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RunnersandCyclistsUseGPSMappingtoMakeArtFitnessappsandthepoweroflivesatellitetrackinghaveallowedrunners,cyclistsandotherstodrawhearts,animals,birthdaywishes—andevenhomagestoVermeer—acrosstheirlocallandscapes.In1665,JohannesVermeerdabbed(轻涂)thelastdropofpaintontoacanvas(帆布)inhisDutchstudio,(21) (complete)hismasterpiece“GirlwithaPearlEarring.”OnanAprilday357yearslater,JanineStrongslowedherbiketostop,pausedherfitnessapp,andwatchedasthesnakinglineofhercyclingroute(22) (draw)theshapeofVermeer’smasterpieceoverthestreetsBrooklyn.Ms.Strongcreates(23) hascometobeknownas“GPSart”—apractice(24) usestheGlobalPositioningSystemmappingcapabilitiesofmodernphoneappslikeStravatocreatedigitaldrawingsusinganathlete’srouteacrossthelandscape.(25) bikingonastraightpathorincirclesaroundapark,Ms.Strongplansherridesintheshapesofbirthdaycakes,stars,birds,lions—andtheoccasionalVermeer.Thehobbyhasgrownwiththewidespreadavailabilityofsatellitetrackingforusebyordinarypeople,infitnessappslikeNikeRunCluborMapMyRide.ItisnowapopularityonStravaoften(26) (refer)toas“Stravaart.”Stravaarthasexistedsincethatapp’sreleasein2009,butitexperiencedasuddenincreaseinuseduringthepandemic(疫情AccordingtoMichaelJoseph,aseniorcommunicationsmanageratthecompany,morethanthreebillionactivities(27) (upload)toStravasincethebeginningof2020.Tocompleteherdigitalvisionof“GirlwithaPearlEarring,”Ms.Strongbikedalmost50milesaroundsouthernBrooklyn,carefullycheckingStrava(28) (make)surethateachturn,circle,andstraightawaywasachievingtheiconicearringandheadcoveringofVermeer’soriginal.“Ialwayshaveabigsmileonmyface(29) itworksoutandIuploaditandit’sdone,”shesaid.“It’safar(30) feeling.”SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accessibleB.criterionC.concentrateD.reducedE.evolvedF.exploreG.hostH.interactI.restorativeJ.stimulationK.verbaliseOutdoorPlayBenefitsKids’MentalRestorationManyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayarealreadywellestablished.Ourbrains31 innaturallandscapesandourperceptual(感知的)systemsareparticularlywellsuitedtowildoutdoorspaces.Thismeansthatnaturalscenesprovidetheperfectlevelof32,whichisthoughttohelprechargethebrainwhenitistiredandeasilydistractable.Supportingthistheory,onestudyfoundthatchildrenwithattention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)werebetterableto33followinga20-minutewalkinthepark,comparedtoa20-minutewalkonthestreetsofawell-kepturbanarea.BeingexposedtograssandtreesseemedtohavehadabeneficialeffectontheirmindsTheauthorsrecommendedusingsuchdoses(剂量)ofnature”asasafeand34wayofsupportingchildrenwithADHD,alongsideothertools.Besidesthese35effects,outdoorplaycanoffervaluablelearningexperiences.Forexample,playingwithmudorsandcanhelpchildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovement36,whichallowsthechildtograduallyunderstandhisorherbodilysignals.Suchactivities–awayfromthehouseorclassroom–mayhelpchildrentofindwaystocopewithemotionsthatmayhardto37inotherenvironments.So-called“sandtraytherapy”,whichinvolvesusingsandandclaytoexpressone’sthoughtsandfeelings,isanacceptedformofcounsellingforchildrenwhoarestrugglingto38theiremotionalstate.Whenitcomestothechild’sphysicalhealth,themostobviousadvantageofoutdoorplaymaybetheexercise.Achildmayfinditeasiertobuildupstrengthandenduranceinalargeopenspaceresultingina(n)39riskofoverweight,accordingtoonestudyledbyElizabethGershoff,professorofhumandevelopmentandfamilysciencesattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,US.Thelatestfindings,however,suggesttherecoulda(n)40ofotheradvantagestoplayinginnaturalenvironments–andthesecretmaybealiveinthemuditself.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Doesareassuringtouchonthebackbringyoucomfortduringatoughday?Anewstudyfinds,whenitcomestotouching,peoplearen’teven41aboutdoingit.ResearchersinGermanysaythetouchofahumanoid(人形的)robotmakespeople42andmorelikelytofollowtheirrequests.Insteadofbeing43onotherhumans,researchersarehopingthatonedayrobotsmaybeabletofulfilltherolesoftherapists,personaltrainers,andevenlifecoaches.Theirstudyfollowsthewidespreadincreaseoftouch44duringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Severalstudieshavepointedouthowphysicaldistancingandisolationiscreatingavarietyofnegativeeffectsthatincreasefeelingsofstress,depression,andanxiety.Inthisresearch,48studentsengagedinaconversationwithNAO–aprogrammableresearchrobot.Duringthecourse,forsomeparticipants,therobotbrieflyandseeminglyrandomly45thebackoftheparticipant’shand.Thisdifferedfromthedesignofotherstudies,whichhavereliedon46touch.Inresponsetotherobot’stouch,mostparticipantssmiledandlaughed,andnone47.Resultsshowthosewhoweretouchedweremorelikelyto48theroboturgingthemtoshowinterestinaparticularacademiccoursediscussedduringtheconversation.Participantsalsoreportedabetter49stateaftertherobot’staponthehand.0,studentswhoweretouchedweremorelikelytogivetherobotahigherscoreforphysicalattractiveness(althoughtheseparticipantsstillonlyratedpoorNAOa2.5outof5onaverage).“Arobot’snon-functionaltouch51tohumans,”LauraHoffmannfromRuhrUniversityandherteamwriteSlightlytappinghumanparticipantshandsduringaconversationresultedinbetterfeelingsandmorecompliance(依从totherequestofahumanoidrobot.”“Itisremarkablethatsimpleandbrieftaponthebackofparticipants’handsshowedsuchaneffect.Involvingmorecomplexand52touchingfromarobotmightincreaseengagementandcompliance.”Astheresearchersargue,thissmallstudy–oneofthefirsttoexaminethe53ofrobot-initiatedtouch–suggeststhatthroughtheuseofcomfortingtouches,robottherapistscouldbetter54patientstoengageinhealthyactivitiessuchasexercise.However,theycautionthatmuchabouthuman-robot55arecomplex,withtherestillmoretobelearnedaboutthedifferencebetweenhumanandrobottouch.41.A.curiousB.crazyC.pickyD.certain42.A.happierB.freerC.morestressedD.morefrightened43.A.hardB.dependentC.impressedD.based44.A.completionB.formationC.imaginationD.starvation45.A.watchedB.pattedC.cleanedD.blocked46.A.human-initiatedB.time-pressedC.technique-basedD.goal-oriented47.A.madeoutB.thoughtbackC.pulledawayD.setoff48.A.lookoverB.goalongwithC.takeoffD.standupagainst49.A.physicalB.emotionalC.financialD.social50.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.Still51.A.mattersB.seesC.relatesD.gets52.A.warmerB.longerC.morefriendlyD.moreforceful53.A.theoryB.historyC.trendD.potential54.A.warnB.persuadeC.forceD.control55.A.similaritiesB.conflictsC.constructionsD.interactionsSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Iknowpeoplewhosaytheydon’twatchtelevision,andIalwaysnodandagree.Readingrequiresintelligence,andtelevisionismerelyentertainment,right?I’mgoingtoScotlandthisandthreedifferentpeopletoldmeImustwatch“Outlander”beforeIgo,whichislike“GameofThrones”forfansofromancenovels.Iwatchedthefirstfourhourlongepisodesbacktoback.WhenIstoodupfromthecouchIfeltsick,anditwasn’tjustthecookies,popcornandpeanutbuttersandwichesI’dhadwithoutnoticing.Itwasdarkoutside,andIfeltashamed.Ihadspenthalfadayonthecouch.ResearchforScotland?Notexactly.AfewdayslaterIhadalibrarybookdue:TheNationalBookwinnerTheFriend,bySigridNunez.Ineededtofinishit,soIreadthelasthalfstraightthrough.IwasabsorbedinNewworryingabouttheheroin’scareerandherfuture.Ifinishedthebookwithtearsinmyeyesandstoodupfeeling,well,great.Ihadwastedanotherfourhoursonmycouch.Ihadn’teatenasmuchjunkfoodbecauseIneededmyhandsfree—andnotsticky—soIcouldturnpagesandreturnthebooktothelibraryrelativelyclean,butIhadn’tmovedandonceagainitwasdarkoutside.WhydidIfeelsomuchbetterandguilt-free?Alltheresearchsaysreadingabookisgoodforyou.Itreducesstress,promotescomprehensionandimagination,relievesdepression,helpsyousleepandmaycontributetopreventingAlzheimer’s.Theactofphysicallyturningapagecreatesamomentarypauseforunderstandingtosinkin.Ourbrainshavetoworktotranslatetheblacksquiggles(弯弯曲曲的线条)onthepageintowordsandtheninterpretthemeaningandintentofthosewords.Whenacharacterisdescribedastallwithbrownareadercreatesherownpicture.TVtakesallthatimaginationaway.Butthere’salotofgoodTVI’dliketosaytheanswertoTVversusbooksmustbe,asAristotlesaid,“Moderationinallthings,”thoughneverhadatelevisionoracomputerandhadtoreadhisscrolls(长卷纸)bycandlelight.Iagreethattoomuchtelevisionisbadforyou.IknowIfeelbetterifIread,butitwon’tstopmefromwatchingtoo:MysecondDVDof“Outlander”hasjustarrived,andassoonasIgetthisessaydone,therestofmydayisfree.By“Ialwaysnodandagree”(paragraph1),theauthorimpliesthat .sheshouldbepolitetogettheconversationtogoonsheisreluctanttoadmitthatshewatchestelevisionshebelievesthosewhosaytheydon’twatchTVshedoesn’tthinkhighlyofTVeitherThephrase“backtoback”(paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto“ ”.frommorningtillnightoneafteranotherwithoutabreakleaningagainstthebackofthecouchlookingattheoppositedirectionTheauthorfeltbetterafterreadingTheFriendthanwatching“Outlander”,mostprobablybecause .shedidn’tfeelhungryforanysnackstheTVseriesgothertocancelhertriptoScotlandthetelevisionserieswasnomoreattractivethanthebooksheregardedreadingasmorerewardingthanwatchingTVWhatcanbeconcludedfromalltheresearchintroducedinparagraphReadingisactivewhilewatchingTVispassive.ReadinginvolvesphysicalexerciseswhilewatchingTVdoesn’t.ReadingstimulatesthebraintoconcentratewhilewatchingTVdoesn’t.Readingisgoodforone’smentalhealthwhilewatchingTVisbadforit.(B)GuidelinesforPosterPresentationsDate:Friday28OctoberTime:13.00-14.20(Presentersarerequiredtobebytheirpostersby12.55sharp.)PosterSessionFormatThepostersessionisaself-explanatoryexhibitwherethepresenter(s)is/areavailableforone-on-onediscussion.Allthein-personposterpresentationswilltakeplacesimultaneously(同时进行的Seebelowforspecificdetailsofonlineposterpresentations.PosterdesignandLayoutEachpostershouldmeasureabout90×120cm(36×48inches).Thetextsandillustrationsshouldbereadablefrom150cm(about5feet)Posterscanhand-writtenorprintedincolour/blackandwhite.Set-upandRemovalPosterswilldisplayedbyfixingthemonboards/wallsprovided.willgiventhenecessarytoolstocarryoutthistask.Presentersarerequiredtohangtheirpostersduringthelunchbreak(12:00-13:00)onFriday28Octoberandremovethemafterthesession(14:20).Presentersareresponsiblefortheset-upandremovaloftheirownposters.Staffwillalsobeintheposterareatoassistyou.Eachposterpresentationwillbenumberedintheprogrammeschedule.Posternumberswillalsoshownonthedisplayboards.MakesuretheposterisfixedunderthecorrectPlayingofloudaudioorvideoclipsisnotallowed,keepinginmindthenoiselevelinthehall.Foronlineposterpresentations:Onceyourposteristakeagoodpictureofitandsendittousatleastoneweekbeforetheconference.takeaprintoutofthisanddisplayitliketheotherposters.ThiswillhelptheaudienceintheHallinChennaitolookatthembeforetheycanlogintoyourpresentationattheassignedtime.Duringposterpresentationwhoeverwouldliketointeractwithyouwilllogintoyoursession.ThiswillbefortheentiredurationofthepresentationwithbriefexplanationsandQ&Ainterspersed(穿插)witheachParticipantscanmovearoundtootherposterpresentationsduringthisperiod,bothonlineandin-person.Accordingtotheguidelines,thepostershavetobe .handwrittenonpaperinblackandwhitehungonthewallsofaspecificareainthehalleasilyrecognizablefromfivemetersawaynumberedbyanon-sitestaffmemberWhichofthefollowingisaspecificrequirementforonlineposterpresenters?Theyshouldremainonlinefortheentire100minutes.Theyshouldgetreadyforpresentationatexactly12:55.Theyneedtosendane-versionoftheirposterstotheorganizer.Theywillberequiredtogiveexplanationsoranswerquestions.Thepassageismeantfor .peoplewhohaveunsolvedquestionstoconsultaboutpeoplewhoareinterestedinvisitinganexhibitionpeoplewhoareskilledatmakinggoodposterspeoplewhowanttoexhibittheirposters(C)Muchlikebeauty,artisintheeyeofthebeholder.Theartworkweareattractedtocangiveinsightintoourpersonality,suchaswhetherwearetooquickortooslow,calmormoody.Studiesintoartpreferencesdatebacktothe1930s—mostofthemexaminingtheextenttowhichpeoplelikeordislikedifferentpaintings.Researchshowsthataperson’sinterestinartismorestronglyrelatedtocertainpersonalitytraitsthantosocialclass,age,orgender.Inparticular,apersonalitytraitcalled“openness”isthebestpredictorofwhetherindividualsareinterestedinartOntheothersidethosewhoidentifyasconscientious(一丝不苟的areoftenlessdrawntotheartsThesetraitsarepartoftheBigFiveawidelyacceptedpersonalitytheorybasedonnearlyacenturyofresearch.Themodelclaimsthateachpersonalityiscomposedofacombinationoffivecoretraits:openness,conscientiousness,extroversion(enjoyingbeingwithotherpeople),agreeableness(beingpleasant)andneuroticism(feelingworriedandnervous).Ratherthanstatingapersonasbeingeithershyoroutgoing,theBigFiveModelbelievesthateveryoneliessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Personalitytraitsmayalsoaffectthewaypeoplevisuallyscanart.A2018studytrackedparticipants’eyemovementsastheystudiedabstractartwork.Themajorityofparticipantsconcentratedontheupper-rightpart.Thismakessense,astherighthalfofthebrainisspecializedforvisualandspatialprocessing,andalsoplaysasignificantroleinprocessingtheemotionsthatartdrawsout.However,participantswhotendedtowardneuroticismfocusedontheleftsideofthepicture,andthosewithmentaldiseasepaidmoreattentiontothebottomofthepicture.Evenwiththeimpressiveamountofresearchintotherelationshipbetweenpeople’spersonalitytraitsandtheirloveforart,therearestillholesinthetheories.Forinstance,somescientistsclaimthattheBigFiveModeldoesn’ttranslateacrossculturesandismainlytargetedtowardthoselivingindevelopednations.Also,moststudieshavefocusedontwo-dimensionalart,likepaintings,andhaven’tyetcaptureddifferingpreferencesforthevarietyofmediathatexistaroundtheworld.Thenthere’sthefactthatourartpreferenceschangeovertimeandareinformedbyourages,relationshipsandlifeexperiences.People’spreferencesforartarenearlyascomplicatedasartitself.Butifyou’relookingforaquicktestofsomeone’sgeneralpersonalitytraits,itdoesn’thurttoglanceatwhat’shangingontheirwalls.Whichofthefollowingisthebestillustrationof“artisintheeyeofthebeholder”inparagraph1?Wejudgeapieceofartbasedonwhetheritisconsideredbeautiful.Thebeautyofapieceofartworkdependsonitsqualityandprice.Theowneroftheartworkistheonewholovesitthemost.Whetheranartworkisappealingisasubjectivematter.Theshadowedareaineachthefollowingpicturesisthepartapersonfocusesonwhenenjoyinganabstractpainting.Accordingtothe2018study,whichbestillustratestheperceptionofapersonwhotendstobeinanxiety?A.B.C.D.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheBigFiveModel?Itisagloballyacceptedmeasuringsystem.Everyonecanfitintooneofthefivecategories.Thereismuchevidenceofscientificstudiestobackit.Itcanexplainthechangeinourartpreferenceovertime.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?Whatdoesyourtasteinartsayaboutyou?Howtorevealone’spersonalitytraits?Whydoweliketheartworkwelike?Howtodiscoveryourartpreference?SectionCInfact,thisiswhereusersshouldactuallyadoptamorecautiousattitude.Infact,thisiswhereusersshouldactuallyadoptamorecautiousattitude.Therecentattackagainstshouldunderscoretheneedfordata-centricsecurity.Fordevelopers,thisvulnerabilityalsoshowsthere’sstillaneedforproperinputvalidationandensurethatanyrequestisauthorized.Hackerslovethatdefendersaredistractedanddon’tfocusappropriateresourcesonthenumberonethreat.Organizationsshouldmakeajointefforttoprotectthesensitivedatafromexploitation.Thisisjustonemoreexampleofthesuccessofsocialengineeringusedbyhackers.SocialEngineeringWhenusingsocialmedia,manyusersmaynotbethinkingofthesocialengineeringimplicationsthatcanarisewithtoomuchover-sharingofpersonalinformation.However,whatpeopleshareinpostscanpaintaveryvividpictureofaperson–whichcanthenmisusedbyhackers.“67Socialengineeringisthenumberonecausemostspitefuldatabreaches(泄露),”saidRogerGrimes,data-drivendefensespecialistatcybersecurityfirmKnowBe4.“Nothingelseisevenclose,percentage-wise,”Grimeswarned,“Nearlyeveryorganizationcouldbestimprovetheircybersecuritydefenseplansiftheyfocusedfarmoreonreducingthelikelihoodofsocialengineering.Noothersingledefensecoulddomoretoprotectanorganizationagainsthackingandmalware(恶意软件).”“Everyorganizationshouldlooktoseewhattheycanimproveintheirdefense-in-depthplan(e.g.,policies,technicaldefenses,andeducation)todefeatsocialengineering.Itisbecausealmostnoorganizationappropriatelyfocusesthenecessaryresourcesandtrainingagainstsocialengineeringthatallowshackersandmalwaretobesolong-termsuccessful.68”Thesecurityexpertswarnthateveninthecontextof“socialmedia,”usersshouldn’tlettheirguarddown.69“Asindividuals,weareawareofthepersonalthreatsposedbycyberattacksdirectedagainstus,”suggestedErfan,cybersecurityexpertatdatasecurityComforteAG.avoidbeingvictimized,it’sbesttooperateunderthemindsetthatdigitalfootprintsexisteverywhereandcannevercompletelywipedout.”“Asmembersofbusinessesandorganizations,weknowthatenterprisedataisalwaysatemptingtargetforhackers,”Erfancontinued.“70Preventingattacksandbreachesisnot100percentfool-proof,sowecanonlyhopethatbigtechshaveinstitutedthemeasuresofdata-centricsecurityapplieddirectlytodataincasethatsensitiveinformationfallsintothewronghands.”SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.AreOceansSilent?Mostseacreatures,fromwhalesanddolphinstofish,sharksandshrimps,respondtosound,andmanycanproduceit.Theyuseittohuntandtohide,findmatesandfood,sendmessagesandgivewarnings,establishterritorieswarnoffcompetitorsconfusetheirtargetsdeceiveenemiesandsensechangesinwaterandconditions.Marineanimalsclickbones,grindteethandbelchgases(磨牙打嗝);usespecialorganstomakevariousnoises.Farfromthe‘silentdeep’,theoceansaresoIntothisage-longconfusednoise,intheblinkofanevolutionaryeye,hasenteredanewthunder:thetremblingsoundofmightyenginesas46,220largeshipspassedtheshippingcourses.Scientistssaythatbackgroundnoiseintheoceanhasincreasedroughlyby15decibels(分贝)inthepast50years.Itmaynotsoundlikemuchinoverallterms,butitisenough,accordingtomanymarinebiologists,tomaskthenormalsoundsofoceanlifegoingaboutitsbusiness.Atitsmostintense,someevensaynoisecauseswhalestobecomedisoriented,dolphinstosufferfrom‘thebends’,fishtogodeaf,leavetheirbreedinggroundsorfailtoformgroups—enoughtodisorganizethebasicbiologyoftwothirdsoftheplanet.“Underseanoisepollutionislikethedeathofathousandcuts”,saysSylviaEarie,chiefscientistoftheU.S.NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.“Eachsoundinitselfmaynotbeamatterofcriticalconcern,buttakenalltogether,thenoisefromshipping,earthquake-relatedsurveys,andmilitaryactivityiscreatingatotallydifferentenvironmentthanexistedeven50yearsago.Thathighlevelofnoiseisboundtohaveahard,sweepingimpactonlifeinthesea.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.(bother)(too…to)(survival)(hang)GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.校图书馆或校园网站是王磊，请给学生会写一封邮件表达你的想法。你的邮件必须满足以下要求：简述你写邮件的目的及你对布展方式的选择；说明你的理由（）。英语I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Inaschool.B.Inagasstation.C.Inahospital.D.Inagarage.2.A.At9:30.B.At9:40.C.At10:09.D.At10:39.3.A.Planningasportsevent.B.Writinguplocalnews.C.Readinganewspaper.D.Puttingupadvertisements.4.A.Itisluxurious.B.Itissatisfactory.C.Itiscompetitive.D.Itisdisappointing.5.A.Hehashadtoomanyholidaysthisyear.B.Heisn’tinthemoodtotravel.C.Phuketistoofarforafamilyholiday.D.Familyholidaysnolongerinteresthim.6.A.Hisgrandmaisquitefondofthedress.B.Thesaladanddressingtastesverygood.C.Thesaladanddressingcan’tmatchhisgrandma’s.D.Hisgrandmacan’tmakedelicioussaladwithdressing.7.A.Sheisthespeakers’boss.B.SheisnotathomethisSaturday.C.Sheisnoteasy-going.D.Sheseldominvitespeopletoherhome.8.A.Thewomandoesn’tlikeSerbia.B.ThewomanhasbeentoSerbia.C.ThewomanisplanningatriptoSerbia.D.ThewomanhasnoideaaboutSerbia.9.A.LivewithJaneandSophie.B.AskSophieaboutheraccommodation.C.InviteVivianto