2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时分层作业十三Unit5Revealingnature教学知识细解码含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

PAGE1-课时分层作业(十三)Ⅰ.单词拼法1．IblamedGeorgeforthefailureofthetalks.2．Thetownfellintoadeclineafterthemineclosed.3．Personalcharacteristics(特征)，suchasageandsexaretakenintoaccount.4．Thecasehasgenerated(产生)enormouspublicityinBrazil.5．Studiessuggestthatlifeoriginatedonlyonce，fromasingleancestor.6．Hesuspectedthatthewomanstayingintheflatabovewasusingheroin.7．Theinterviewsweregiventoarandomsample(样本)ofstudents.8．Thetimewespenttogetherisnowadistantmemory.Ⅱ.阅读理解AWhenaleafyplantisunderattack，itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983，twoscientists，JackSchultzandIanBaldwin，reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds，VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening？Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighboursreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive，thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy，itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant，buttheneighbors，relativelyspeaking，staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches，andso，ineffect，wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged，butitwasn'tatrue，intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin，over150yearsago，imaginedaworldfarbusier，noisierandmoreintimate(密切的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.【语篇解读】当植物受到攻击时它们怎么反应？怎么沟通？1．Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A．Itmakesnoises.B．Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C．Itstandsquietly.D．Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.D[依据第一段“IanBaldwin，reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm”可知，当植物受到损害时，会分泌出一种化学物质，故D项正确。]2．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inParagraph3?A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.A[词义揣测题。依据第三段“Oncetheyarrive，thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.”可知，一旦它们到达这里，攻击者就成为植物的午餐，故A项正确。]3．Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.A．predictnaturaldisastersB．protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC．talktooneanotherintentionallyD．helptheirneighborswhennecessaryB[细微环节理解题。依据其次段“ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.”可知，植物分泌出VOCs，是为了爱护自己，故B项正确。]4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Thewordischangingfasterthanever.B．Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C．Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.D．PeopleinDarwin'stimewereimaginative.C[推理推断题。依据最终一段“imaginedaworldfarbusier，noisierandmoreintimate(密切的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear”可知，这个世界比我们看到或者听到的更喧闹更密切，因此世界也比我们想象的更困难，故C项正确。]BBritishpeopleworksomeofthelongesthoursinEurope，butareamongtheleastproductive.Nowsomecompaniesareshorteningtheworkingweektoincreaseefficiency，healthandhappiness.RichLeighhasintroducedafour­dayweekathisPRcompany.Infact，hisentirecompanyhasFridayoff，becausehisfirmhasadoptedafour­dayweek.ItisoneofahandfulofUKbusinessesthatnowoperatelikethis:staffstillgetpaidtheirpreviousfive­daysalary，buttheyworkadayless.Thecompanyfoundthattheyachievedjustasmuch—andtherewereevensighsofgrowth.“Thekeytothescheme'ssuccess，”Leighsays，“ishowhappyouremployeesnoware.”TheaverageBritishworkertakesonlya34minutelunchbreakandworks10hoursovertimeeachweek(moreoftenthannotthisisunpaid)．YetUKproductivityfallsseriouslybehindtheirEuropeanneighbors，whotendtoworkfewerhours.Britishworkingpracticeshavecausedlossanddamagetothenation'shealthandhappiness.MorethanhalfamillionworkersintheUKweresignedoffwithwork­relatedstressoranxietylastyear.Moreover，theworklandscapeitselfischanging.AutomationandAIwillhaveasignificantimpactonthelabormarket，whereunsteadyworkbecomesmorecommon.BritainistheonlyEUmemberthatallowsworkerstoignoretheEUworkingtimelimitandworklongerhours.Forcampaigners，nowisthetimeforachange.O'Grady，anadvocate，arguesthatwherebusinesseshaveincreasedtheirprofitsasaresultofautomation，successshouldbesharedwithworkersintheformofreducedhours.“It'stimetosharethebenefitsfromnewtechnology，notallowingthoseatthetoptograbthemforthemselves.”shesays.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度。5．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A．BritishpeoplearetheleastproductiveintheworldB．MostcompaniesinBritainhaveconductedafour­dayweekC．PRcompanyhaswitnessedariseinemployees'happinessD．BritishpeopleworklongerandgetmorepaymentthanothercountriesC[推理推断题。答案定位在其次段“Thecompanyfoundthattheyachievedjustasmuch—andtherewereevensighsofgrowth.‘Thekeytothescheme'ssuccess，’Leighsays，‘ishowhappyouremployeesnoware.’”(该公司发觉他们也取得了同样的成果——甚至还有增长的迹象。“该安排胜利的关键，”Leigh说，“是我们的员工现在有多欢乐。”)由此推断出PR公司见证了员工华蜜感的提升，故选C。]6．WhichistheproperdescriptionofBritishworkingpractices?A．TheworkingtimeofBritishworkersiswithintheEUlimit.B．Intermsofproductivity，BritainisbeatenbytheUnitedStates.C．Profitsgainedfromnewtechnologyareonthedecrease.D．AutomationandAIarelikelytocauseaninstableworkmarket.D[细微环节理解题。答案定位在第四段“AutomationandAIwillhaveasignificantimpactonthelabormarket，whereunsteadyworkbecomesmorecommon.”(自动化和人工智能将对劳动力市场产生重大影响，不稳定的工作变得更加普遍。)由此可知，对英国工作实践的恰当描述是自动化和人工智能很可能导致不稳定的工作市场，故选D。]7．WhichcanbeinferredfromO'Grady'swordsinthelastparagraph?A．It'stimeforemployerstosharetheincreasedprofitscreatedbyautomation.B．Workersshouldbenefitfromautomationintheformoflessworkinghours.C．Newtechnologyshouldbelongtobothbusinessesandworkers.D．Businessescan'tmakemoreprofitswithoutnewtechnology.B[推理推断题。答案定位在最终一段“O'Grady，anadvocate，arguesthatwherebusinesseshaveincreasedtheirprofitsasaresultofautomation，successshouldbesharedwithworkersintheformofreducedhours.”(拥护者O'Grady认为，在自动化提高了企业利润的地方，胜利应当以削减工时的形式与工人共享。)由此推断出O'Grady的话的意思是工人应当从削减工作时间的自动化中获益，故选B。]8．Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．TointroducesomeBritishfirms'switchtoafour­dayworkingweek.B．ToexplainthereasonswhyBritishworkerssufferstressandanxiety.C．Toappealformorereasonableworkingconditions.D．TopresentthecurrentproductivityprobleminBritain.A[写作意图题。其次段“RichLeighhasintroducedafour­dayweekathisPRcompany.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知这篇文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度，故选A。]Ⅲ.阅读七选五Differentweathermakespeoplefeeldifferent.Itinfluences(影响)health，intelligence(智力)andfeelings.InAugust，itisveryhotandwetinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.1.IntheNortheastandtheMiddleWest，itisveryhotatsometimesandverycoldatothertimes.PeopleinthesestateshavemorehearttroubleaftertheweatherchangesinFebruaryorMarch.Theweathercanalsoinfluenceintelligence.Forexample，ina1983reportbyscientists，IQ(智商)ofagroupstudentswasveryhighwhenaverystrongwindcame，butafterthestrongwind，theirIQwas10%lower.2.Veryhotweather，ontheotherhand(另一方面)，canmakeitlower.StudentsinmanyschoolsoftheUnitedStatesoftengetworseonexamsinthehotmonthsoftheyear(JulyandAugust)．Weatheralsohasastronginfluenceonpeople'sfeelings.Wintermaybeabadtimeforthinpeople.Theyusuallyfeelcoldduringthesemonths.Theymightfeelunhappyduringcoldweather.3.Theyevendon'tliketodooutdooractivities.Lowairpressure(气压)maymakepeopleforgetful.4.Thereisa“goodweather”forworkandhealth.Peoplefeelbestatatemperatureofabout18centigrade(摄氏度)．Areyoufeelingsad，tired，forgetful，orunhappytoday?5.A．Itmaybetheweather'sproblemB．WarmweathercanhaveabadeffectonhealthC．ThewindcanhelppeoplehavehigherintelligenceD．ButfatpeoplemayhaveahardtimeinhotweatherE．PeoplemayhavehigherintelligencewhenlowairpressurecomesF．PeopleleavemorebagsonbusesandinshopsonlowpressuredaysG．Peopletherehavehearttroubleandotherkin