2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)第08讲 定语从句复习：学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构 （学生版）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页第08讲定语从句复习：学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构定语从句 定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3、关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。定语从句句子结构：基本结构：先行词+引导词+定语从句。例如：Ilovethesongthatyousing.（“thesong”是先行词，“that”是引导词，“yousing”是定语从句。）定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句一、限制性定语从句1、关系代词：who：用于指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Themanwhoisstandingthereismyteacher.（站在那里的男人是我的老师，“who”在从句中作主语。）whom：指人，在从句中作宾语。如：ThegirlwhomImetyesterdayisverykind.（我昨天遇到的女孩很善良，“whom”作宾语。）which：指物，可作主语或宾语。例如：ThisisthebookwhichIboughtlastweek.（这是我上周买的书，“which”作宾语。）that：既可指人也可指物，常作主语或宾语。如：Ilikethemoviethatisveryinteresting.（我喜欢那部很有趣的电影，“that”作主语。）whose：表示所属关系，可指人或物。例如：Thehousewhoseroofisredismine.（屋顶是红色的房子是我的，“whose”表示房子的屋顶。）2、关系副词：when：用来修饰时间名词，在从句中作时间状语。例如：Istillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.（我仍然记得我们初次见面的那一天，“when”在从句中作时间状语。）where：修饰地点名词，在从句中作地点状语。如：ThisistheplacewhereIgrewup.（这是我长大的地方，“where”作地点状语。）why：修饰表示原因的名词，在从句中作原因状语。例如：Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouwerelate?（你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗？“why”作原因状语。）定语从句句子结构：基本结构：先行词+引导词+定语从句。例如：Ilovethesongthatyousing.（“thesong”是先行词，“that”是引导词，“yousing”是定语从句。）3、特殊情况（1）修饰物时，关系代词只能用that的情况：①先行词既有人又有物Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.②先行词被theonly,thevery,justthe,thelast及序数词修饰ItistheonlyfilmthatIlike.③先行词被最高级修饰ThisisthemostinterestingnovelthatI’veeverread.④先行词被all,any,every,no,some,little,alittle,few,afew,等修饰Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.⑤先行词本身是不定代词all,any,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,everything等。Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?⑥主句的主语是疑问代词who和which时，关系代词用thatWhoisthegirlthathelpedthemanoutoftrouble?注意：先行词为theway时，定语从句的引导方式有三种，inwhich,that,省略Idon’tlikethewayyouspeak.（2）指人时在下列情况下多用或须用who①关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?②先行词为all,one,ones,everyone,anyone,nobody,或all指人时，多用who。Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.③先行词为those和people时多用who。Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.④在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用who，作宾语须用whom。MrGreen,whomyousawinthelibraryyesterday,willteachusphysicsnextterm.⑤在以therebe开头的句子中多用who.Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeourheadmaster.（3）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句①“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,关系代词只能用which指物或用whom指人,即:介词+which/whom,并且which或whom不能省。Themoneywithwhichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.②当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物),that/whom/who(指人),此时可以把这些关系单词省略。Thisisthepen(which/that)Iwrotetheletterwith.③当关系代词作lookafter,lookfor,takecareof,seeto等短语动词的宾语时,这些词中的介词不能提前.Hereisthebook(that/which)I’mlookingfor.④介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词,结构为：all,both,few,most,several,some等+ofwhom/which.InthebasketIfindmanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.（4）介词+which/whom不定式结构。如：Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.=Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.5、关系副词的用法：关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when,where和why分别表示时间，地点和原因。（1）when当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词时如：time,day,week,year,month,etc.用when在定语从句中充当时间状语，也可用“介词in/on/by/during+which”来代替when，还可以用which或that引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。例如DoyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespentthesummerholidaysinQingdao?（2）where当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词时如：place,school,factory,room,etc.用where在定语从句中充当地点状语，也可用“介词in/at等+which”来代替where,还可用which或that引导，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:(1)Thisisthelabwhere/inwhichhedidtheexperiment.（作状语）(2)Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.（作宾语）（3）why当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示原因的名词时，用why在定语从句中充当原因状语，也可用“介词forwhich”来代替why.当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如：比较：Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhewasfired.(作状语)Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?（作主语）诀窍：判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只对其做一些附加说明，如果去掉主句的意义仍然完整，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开，不能用that引导引导词关系代词:who,whom,whose,which关系副词：when,whereIwillseethemanagertomorrow,whenhewillbebackfromAmerica.MyparentswillflytoShanghai,wheretheywillstayforseveraldays.Thereweremanythingsleft,someofwhicharealmostfinished.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1、先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.此句是有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的一句话。2、关系词的使用情况有所不同（1）所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但that,why不可。（2）关系代词替代情况不同关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom,但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。（3）关系代词省略情况不同：关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。3、as引导的定语从句as用作关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句，构成,thesame…as…,such…as…,so…as…等结构。Ilikethesamebookasyouhave.（1）“such．．．that．．．”表“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such．．．as．．．”表“像……这（那）样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子：MrChengaveussuchadifficultquestionasnobodyworkedout.“thesame．．．that．．．”表同一人或物，而“thesame．．．as．．．”表同种类的东西。4、which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别；由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，在从句中作主语或宾语。which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面，意为"这一点"；as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后，as含有"正如、正像"之意。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.诀窍：快速判断一个句子是否为定语从句，可从以下方面入手：1.查看从句位置和作用-位置：定语从句一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词（先行词）之后。例如“Helikesthebookwhichhasmanypictures.”中，“whichhasmanypictures”紧跟先行词“book”之后。-作用：起到修饰先行词的作用，如果去掉从句，句子语义虽完整，但先行词的信息就不够明确。定语从句精练题：一、单项选择1．（24-25高二上·重庆渝中·期中）TodayagroupofstudentsfromSouthKoreavisitedourschool,canspeakChineseverywell.A．mostofthem B．mostofwhich C．mostofwhom D．mostofthose2．（24-25高二上·河南郑州·期中）Inthismodernage________wearebecomingmoreandmore________fromeachother,flashmobsareasignthatthespiritofsocietyisstillalive.A．when;sophisticated B．what;isolatedC．what;sophisticated D．when;isolated3．（24-25高一上·江苏常州·阶段练习）______isknowntousall,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A．It B．As C．Which D．What4．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）Hetoldusthedayshewasyoungweregone.A．that;that B．when;when C．when;that D．that;when5．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）wasoftenthecase,sheforgottobringherhomeworktoschool.A．It B．As C．Which D．Who6．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）HehastwoChinese-Englishdictionaries,bothwereboughtlastweek.A．ofwhom B．ofwhich C．ofthat D．ofthem7．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）Aftereveryonewasseated,therewasaformalceremony,_____madeusexcited.A．that B．it C．which D．what8．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）Johnswimsverywell,butIdon’tlikethewayhealwaysshowsoffinpublic.A．which B．that C．when D．why9．（24-25高二上·黑龙江佳木斯·期中）______backinmyseat,Ican’tquitebelievethatI’mabout_______alongtherailway_____manyforeignexpertsclaimedwas“impossible”.A．Sitting;travelling;that B．Sat;totravel;whichC．Sitting;totravel;that D．Sat;traveling;that10．（21-22高二下·江苏南京·期中）JustasMartinLutherKing,Jr.said,peaceisnotmerelyadistantgoalthatweseek,butameans______wearriveatthegoal.A．inwhich B．withwhich C．bywhich D．towhich二、语法填空11．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）Ifwecompareyouthtoflowers,theyoungvolunteersarethemostbeautifulones,withouttheworldwouldbetoocoldtolivein.(用适当的词填空)12．（24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）MyfavoritecomedianisCharlieChaplin,uniquewayofperformingandclassicworkshavebroughtjoyandhappinesstothewholeworld.（用适当的词填空）13．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofrecovered.(用适当的词填空)14．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）Heisratheramazed,canbeseenfromhisface.(用适当的词填空)15．（24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Ispotasmallgirlankleistwiceitsnormalsize.(用适当的词填空)16．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）Inourclassthereare46students,one-thirdofwearglasses.(用适当的词填空)17．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习）Asaconsequence,theyhadtotakeaseriesofsteps,noneofwaspowerfulenoughtopreventthedisaster.

（用适当的词填空）18．（23-24高二下·山东济宁·期中）Mygrandpa,isoftenthecasewitholdpeople,isfondoftalkingaboutthegoodolddays.(用适当的词填空)19．（23-24高二下·四川德阳·期中）Followinginthefootstepsofhisownteacherallthoseyearsago,Mr.Wanghasnowpassedonhisskillstothenewmembers,willtakeonmanyofthefuturerepairs.(用适当的词填空)20．（23-24高二下·吉林长春·期中）Children,isalwaysthecase,lovetheirmother.(用适当的词填空)21．（23-24高二下·四川成都·期中）isreported,Applecompanywillbelaunchinganewtabletthistimenextmonth.(用适当的词填空)22．（23-24高二下·江苏扬州·期中）Thestudentsarechattingaboutthebooksandwriterswilladdtotheirfavorites.(用适当的词填空)23．（23-24高二下·江苏·课后作业）Therewasatimewedidn’ttalktoeachother,butyouseemnottoremember.(用适当的词填空)24．（23-24高二下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试）Covid-19,themostdeadlyvirusinrecentyea