2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (译林版)第01讲 必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the balance（知识讲解+高考必考题型练）学生版

第01讲必修第三册Unit1Natureinthebalance目录新知导航：熟悉课程内容、掌握知识脉络基础知识：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备重点记忆：关键点快速记忆，提升能力小试牛刀：考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用核心单词讲解1.harmn.&vt.伤害,损害(1)harmsb./sth.=doharmtosb./sth.=dosb./sth.harm对某人/物造成损害,损害某人/物(2)harmful adj.有害的,导致损害的beharmfulto... 对……有害(3)harmless adj.无害的2.lengthn.长,长度;时间的长短,篇幅,(电影)片长(1)inlength在长度上atlength 详尽地;充分地;最后;终于gotogreatlengths(todosth.)尽一切可能/不遗余力(做某事)foranylengthoftime相当长的一段时间withinanarm’slength 近在咫尺(2)lengthen v.使延长(3)long adj.长的3.varietyn.不同种类,变化,多样性;变种,变体（1）avarietyof=varietiesof各种各样的(2)varyv.相异，改变Varyin在……方面不同Varywith随……而变化Varybetween…and…从……到……不同（3）various/variedadj.各种不同的，各种各样的4.massn.大量;团,块,堆;一大群;adj.大批的,广泛的(1)amassof/massesof大量,许多themassof... ……中的大多数themasses 群众(2)massproduction 批量生产5.livingadj.活着的,活的;在使用的(反义词dead)n.生计,谋生;生活方式earn/makealiving谋生;维持生计earn/makeone’sownliving自食其力6.survivevi.生存,存活vt.幸存,幸免于难(1)surviveon...以……为生survivefrom... 从……时期留存下来survivesb.by+时间段比某人多活了多长时间(2)survival n.生存,幸存;幸存事物(3)survivor n.幸存者7.inturn相应地,转而;依次;轮流inreturn作为报答;回报inreturnfor... 作为……的交换;作为……的报答byturns 轮流地;交替地It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事8.breakdown使分解(为),使变化(成);出故障;破裂;感情失控breakinto闯入,破门而入breakin 破门而入;打断(谈话等)breakout (战争、火灾等)爆发;发生breakawayfrom 脱离;逃离9.dueto由于,因为beduetodosth.预计/预期做某事beduefor... 预计……10.impactn.影响,作用;撞击,冲撞vi.&vt.有影响;冲击haveagreat/deepimpacton 对……有重大/深远影响theimpactof... ……的影响impacton/upon 对……产生影响11.damagevt.&n.损坏,破坏;损害,伤害(1)do/causedamageto对……造成损害(2)damaging adj.有破坏性的;伤害的1.buildup逐渐增加,扩大;创建,开发;积累bringup抚养;养育;培养;提出;呕吐comeup 升起;长出来;上来;被提出giveup 放弃;戒掉makeup 编造;化妆takeup 占据;开始从事12.comeupwith想出,想到keepupwith与……同步，跟上(强调状态)catchupwith跟上(强调动作)putupwith 忍耐，忍受；熬过endupwith 以……结束13.callfor(公开)要求;需要callup打电话，给……，使想起callin召来calloff取消，停止进行callaway叫走；转移；排解callon拜访（某人），号召callout大声喊，呼唤）14.applicationn.应用,运用;申请(1)makeanapplication(to...)for...(向……)申请……(2)apply v.运用;申请;应用applytodosth. 申请做某事apply...to... 将……用在……上apply(tosb.)forsth. (向某人)申请某物applyoneselfto 致力于;专心于(3)applicant n.申请人15.springtomind突然想到,突然出现在脑海里bear/keep...inmind记住……;考虑到……loseone’smind 失去理智bring...tomind 使……想起cometomind 突然想起makeupone’smind 打定主意;下定决心16.getridof摆脱;丢弃;扔掉rid...of... 使……摆脱……;使……丢弃……ridoneselfof 摆脱/去掉……17.protestvi.反对,抗议vt.反对;坚持声称;申辩n.反对,抗议(1)protestabout/against/at...=makeaprotestagainst...对……提出抗议(2)withoutprotest 心甘情愿地underprotest 不情愿地,极不乐意地18.defencen.辩护;防御,保护;防御物;国防;防守(1)indefenceof 为了保卫……;为……辩护(2)defend vt. 防御,保护;为……辩护;防守defend...against/from 防御/保卫……免受……19.consequencen.结果;后果;重要性(1)asaconsequence/result＝inconsequence因此，结果asaconsequence/resultof＝inconsequenceof因为……的缘故(2)take/accept/facetheconsequencesof承担……的后果(3)consequentadj. 作为结果的，随之发生的consequentlyadv. 因此，结果；所以因此,结果20.giveriseto引起;使发生(尤指令人不愉快或意想不到的事)ontherise在增加;在上涨risetoone’sfeet 站起来二、重点词块速记1.inturn相应地,转而

2.breakdown 使分解(为),使变化(成)

3.breathelifeinto 给……带来起色,注入活力

4.dueto 由于,因为

5.buildup 逐渐增加,扩大

6.behometo ……的家园7.awiderangeof 大范围的,多种多样的8.aseaof... 大量的,大片的……9.bealivewith 充满着,洋溢着10.playarolein 在……中扮演角色,起作用

11.takein 吸收,理解12.feedon 以……为主食,靠……为生13.comeupwith想出，想到 14.callfor(公开)要求；需要 15.springtomind突然记起(或想到) 16.getridof 摆脱,丢弃,扔掉

17.tendto 往往,趋向

18.giveriseto 使发生(或存在)

19.handinhand 手拉手

20.searchfor 搜索,寻找

21.playamajorrolein 在……起主要作用22.drawone’sattention 吸引某人的注意力23.connect...with... 把……和……联系24.beeagertodosth. 渴望做某事25.pointout 指出三、重点句型剖析1.Withanareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres,theAmazonrainforestismorethanhalfthesizeofChina.(倍数表达法)亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,比中国国土面积的一半还要大。2.TheAmazonrainforestcrossesintoeightcountries,includingBrazilandPeru,andoneoverseasregionofFrance,allontheSouthAmericancontinent.(独立主格结构)马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家,以及一块法国的海外领地,都位于南美洲大陆。3.Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.(完全倒装)往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。4.Whatdoyouthinkthisscriptisaboutjudgingfromthetitleandpictures?(judgingfrom)根据标题和图画,你认为这个节选讲了什么?5.Foronething,therainyseasonhasanimpactonthesoil...Foranotherthing,duetotheAmazon’shotclimate,itisdifficultforthesoiltobuildupenoughnutrients.(foronething,foranotherthing)一则,雨季对土壤有影响……再则,由于亚马孙的炎热气候,对于土壤来说很难堆积更多的养分。6.WhenIfirstmovedhere,theairwasfresh,thegrassgreenandthewaterclear.(省略)当我刚搬到这里的时候,空气是新鲜的,草是绿色的,水是清澈的。7.We’vebeentakingvariousmeasures,includingtheuseofnewtechnologies,toreducepollutionintheproductionprocess,eventhoughthesemeasuresraiseourproductioncosts.(eventhough)我们一直在采取各种措施,包括使用新技术,以减少生产过程中的污染,尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成本。8.Withpollutionlevelsontherise,theNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionCommitteeissearchingforwaystofighttheproblem.(with复合结构)随着污染水平的上升,诺盖特环境保护委员会正在寻找解决问题的方法。9.It’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironmentwhileweaimforeconomicdevelopment.(It’sone’sdutytodosth.)我们的责任是保护环境,同时着眼于经济发展。、重点句型1.倍数关系句型【教材原句】Withanareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres,theAmazonrainforestismorethanhalfthesizeofChina.

亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,比中国国土面积的一半还要大。倍数+【名师点津】表示“两倍”时,用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上则用“基数词+times”来表达。句式中表示倍数也可用分数、百分数,half等其他程度状语。2.全部倒装【教材原句】Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.

往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。构成完全倒装的条件(1)表示地点或方位的副词有here,there,up,down,out,in,away;表示时间的副词有now,then;表语以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首。(2)句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come,go,lie,stand等不及物动词。(3)句子的主语是名词。如果句子的主语为代词,主谓不倒装。3.judgingfrom...“从……判断”【教材原句】Whatdoyouthinkthisscriptisaboutjudgingfromthetitleandpictures?从标题和图画判断你认为这个节选是关于什么的?

常见的现在分词(短语)作评注性状语的还有:supposing“假设”,considering“鉴于”,speakingof“说到”,generallyspeaking“一般来说”,takingeverythingintoconsideration“从全盘考虑”等。重点语法(省略)为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。一、简单句中的省略1.省略主语:一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,主语常常省略,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。(You)goout,please!请出去!2.省略宾语:当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常省略宾语。—DoyouknowthemascotsoftheBeijingWinterOlympicGames?—OfcourseIknow(themascotsoftheBeijingWinterOlympicGames).——你知道北京冬奥会的吉祥物吗?——我当然知道。3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分):在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。(Thereis)Nosmoking.禁止吸烟。二、并列句中的省略在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。1.省略共同的主语或宾语。Heisinterestedinleavesand(he)hascollectedmanysamplesofthem.他对树叶感兴趣,搜集了很多标本。2.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。Myfatherisateacherandmymother(is)anurse.我的父亲是一名老师,母亲是一名护士。3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。Whathesuggstedmademehappy,but(whathesuggestedmade)Jimangry.他的建议使我高兴,却使吉姆生气。4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。Iknowthelengthoftheriverbuthedoesn’tknowthelengthoftheriver).我知道这条河流的长度,但他不知道。三、复合句中的省略1.状语从句的省略。在when,while,if,asif,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等连接的状语从句中,当从句主语与主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时,则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。While(Iwas)working,Irealisedhowharditwastoworkinthefieldsunderahotsun.工作的时候,我意识到在烈日下的田野里工作是多么辛苦。【名师点津】(1)省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系,则使用现在分词;若构成被动关系,则使用过去分词;若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则使用不定式。(2)在than,as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。2.定语从句的省略。(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略(但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。(2)修饰way的关系词that/inwhich可以省略。Thewayinwhich/thathespeakstoyouisreallyannoying.他对你们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。3.宾语从句的省略。及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。四、其他的省略情况1.动词不定式的省略。(1)当不定式在形容词afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作状语时,to后的内容常省略。—Willyougowithmetoparticipateinthepartytonight?—I’llbegladto(gowithyoutoparticipateintheparty).——今晚你愿意和我去参加聚会吗?——我愿意。(2)某些使役动词,如make,let,have等和感官动词,如see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不省略。WeoftenhearhersingEnglishsongsintheclassroom.我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。Theboywasnoticedtoentertheoffice.男孩被(人)注意到进入了办公室。(3)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时,常可省略。常见的动词有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,know,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等。Iwoulddoitforyou,butIdon’tknowhowto(doitforyou).我愿意为你做这件事,但是我不知怎么去做。(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语补足语时,常可省略。常见的动词有tell,ask,allow,permit,expect,wish,want,order,require,encourage,persuade等。Don’ttouchtheequipmentunlessyourteacherallowsyouto(touchtheequipment).除非老师允许,否则不要碰这些设备。(5)介词but,except(除了)前有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的不定式不带to。Wehavenothingtodobut(to)wait.我们现在除了等别无选择。【名师点津】省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to后要保留原形的have或be。Hedidn’tcometothemeetingyesterday,butheoughttohave.昨天他没来参加会议,但他应该来。2.使用so,not等时的省略。在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。—Ishecomingbacktonight?他今晚回来吗?—Ithinkso/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。3.介词的省略。一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构:①havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.②bebusy(in)doingsth.③spendsometime(in)doingsth.④stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.考点一、核心单词语法填空Ⅰ单词拼写1.Halfamillionpeopleheldamass(抗议)againstracismlastnight.2.Inthe(过程)ofwritingthenovel,shediscussedeverystagewithhim.3.Someproductscanbe(回收利用)attheendoftheirlife.4.Keepinganimalsatzooshashadalittlepositive(影响)onthestatusofmostendangeredspecies.5.Weneedtospeakoutontheirbehalfbeforethey(消失)forgood.6.Thestructural(损坏)causedbythefirewasrepaired.7.IfeltasifIhadbeenonthistripforeverbecauseIhadlost(踪迹)oftimeandspace.8.Our(政策)istoincludehigh-qualityfilms,regardlessofwhomakesthem.9.An(官方的)inquiryhasbeenlaunchedintothecauseoftheaccident.10.Noonewantstoemploysomeonewhospeaksillofhis/her(以前的)employer.Ⅱ单句语法填空1.Fruitjuicescanbe(harm)tochildren’steeth.2.Uniformsalsogiverisesomepracticalproblems.3.Thesnakeusuallyreachesa(long)of100cm.4.Wemustpreserve(vary)ofChinesetraditionalcustomsforfuturegenerations.5.Hediedsixweekslaterofa(mass)heartattack.6.(live)inthevillagewasalsomorechallengingthanhehadthought.8.(2023-2024年度·四川成都·高一成都外国语学校校考阶段练习)Aftertheterribleaccident,hisonlychanceof(survive)wasahearttransplant.9.Thesportsmeetinghadtobeputoffduetheheavyrain.10.Whattheteachershavedonehasgreatimpactontheirstudentsinthefuture.12.Afterherecoveredfromillness,heworkedoutregularlytobuilduphis(strong).13Themoralquestionisnot(entire)separablefromthefinancialone.14.Tworescueworkerscametohis(defend)whentheaccidenthappened.15.Withtherapid(economy)development,Chinaplaysamoreandmoreimportantroleontheinternationalstage.16.(2023-2024年度·广东东莞·高一校联考期中)It’s(official)recognizedthatthisproductissafeandwillbeputintomarketsoon.17.Aftereatingthe(poison)mushroom,thegirlwassenttohospitalatonce.(所给词的适当形式填空)18.(chemical)willupsetthenaturalbalanceofthepond.(所给词的适当形式填空)19.(consequence),manycollegegraduateswereforcedtomoveelsewheretofindjobs.20.Hisdeathwastotallyunexpectedand,in(consequent),noplanshadbeenmadeforhisreplacement.考点二、重点词块选词填空选词填空（可适当改变形式）callforgiverisetogetridofinturnbuildupcomeupwithbreakdownspringtomindbreatheinto…dueto1.Ifyourcar,justsittightandwaitforthepolicetocomealong.2.AcleanenvironmentcanhelpthecitybidfortheOlympics,whichwillpromoteitseconomicdevelopment.3.Thiskindofworkpatienceaswellasskills.4.Whathesaidjustnowhisangeratthemoment.5.Asateacher,youshoulddevoteyourselftoyoursubjectand____________it.6._________thefactthathedidn’tknowEnglish,hewasn’tawareofwhathewasreading.7.IfyourefertoHawaii,avisionofprettybeachesandblueseasmay_______.8.Youcanchangeorturnablindeyetoyouremotions,butyoucan’t__________thementirely.9.Theoldcollectorlikestocollectsomeoldpaintingsandhishouseissaidto_______afineartcollection.10.Thedesignersayshe_____theideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.考点三重点句型完成句子1._________________sometoweringaspens.(完全倒装)

在我们教学楼前矗立着几棵高大的白杨。2.Ourplaygroundis_______________theirs.(倍数表达法)

我们的操场是他们的两倍大。3._________________,hemightbeanIndian.(judge)

根据面貌判断,他可能是个印度人。4.___________,histheoryprovedtobecorrect.(with复合结构)

随着时间的推移,他的理论证明是正确的。5._____________ourcountry.(It’sone’sdutytodosth.)

保卫国家是每个人的责任。6.______________,thebondoffriendshiphaskeptusclose.(eventhough)

虽然我们生活在不同的城市,但友谊的纽带使我们保持亲密。考点四重点语法单句语法填空1．When(compare)withmyeldersister,Ilookmuchslimmer.2．Eventhough

(bury)inhiswork,hewouldn’tmisstheopportunitytochatwithhisson.3．When(tell)thattheirperformancewasasuccess,theperformersfelt(satisfy).4．TimgotemotionalduringhiseventinNewYorkCityTuesdaynightrecallinghisrecentconversationwithdad.​5．Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenot.能力提升阅读理解（2024上·广西柳州·高一柳铁一中校考期中）InWiltshire,England,volunteersarebeingsearchedfortovisitanatureprotectionareatocountthebutterflieslivingthereandinnearbyfields.Theprojectisstartedbyanenvironmentalprotectionorganization,whichhasbeendevotedtoimprovingthelivingenvironmentforwildanimals.Recently,theorganizationhascalledonvolunteerstohelpitobserveenvironmentalchangesbasedontherecordofbutterfliesandprotecttheenvironment.Inthearea,thelocalpeoplehaveplantedmanyspecialflowerswiththehelpoftheorganization.Theywanttoseewhethertheseflowerswillinteresttherare,andbeautifulbutterflies.TheprojectofficerSarahMarshallsays,“Itwillbeasuitablelivingplaceforbutterflies.Theyaregreat‘indicatorspecies’(指向性物种)astheyareeasilyaffectedbyclimatechanges.Sotheymakeabrilliantearly-warningsystemfortheenvironment.”Shealsopointsoutthatvolunteersareneededtorecordthenumberorspeciesofbutterflies,andbasedonthechangehappeningtothebutterflies,thehiddenenvironmentalproblemsintheareacanbefoundoutintime.Theorganizationissearchingforvolunteerstohelpmonitor(监测)butterfliesfromAprilthroughtoSeptember.Theywillwalkthesamerouteandrecordthedifferentbutterfliestheymeetalongtheway.Eachvisitshouldtakenomorethantwohours,andeachvolunteerisexpectedtovisitonceamonthcountthewildlife.“Staffwillprovidebackup(后备人员),soiftheweatherispooronthedayyouarevisit(butterfliesdon’tliketoflyintherain,windorifit’stoocloudy),wecanhavesomeoneelsedoyourjob,”Sarahpointsout.Nopreviousexperienceisnecessaryastrainingandsupportwillbeprovided,butastronginterestisimportant.Ifyouareinterested,pleasecontactSarahon(01380)725670,ext278,oremailsarahm@.1．Whyarespecialflowersplantedinthenatureprotectionarea?A．Toattractvisitors. B．Toattractbutterflies.C．Toimprovetheenvironment. D．Tohelpthelocalpeoplemakemoney.2．AccordingtoSarahMarshall,butterfliesare________A．reducinginnumberinWiltshire B．curiousabouttheirhabitatsC．unabletokeepupwithclimatechanges D．sensitivetoenvironmentalchanges3．Accordingtothetext,avolunteer________.A．willtakeadifferentrouteeachtime B．mustknowalotaboutbutterfliesC．willvisitthearea6timesintotal D．musthavepreviousexperience4．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．TopersuadepeopletovisitWiltshire. B．Toadvertiseforvolunteerswithaproject.C．Toencouragepeopletoprotectbutterflies. D．Toshowawaytoexploreclimatechange.二．完形填空（2023上·安徽·高一校联考阶段练习）Asanonlychildinherfamily,NicoleRenaeoftenfeltlonelyinheryouth.Butthatall1whensheturnedten.Forherbirthday,Renae’sgrandmothersurprisedherwithalovelygraypuppynamedChloe.Fromthevery2thetwowerealwaystogether.“Shewasmybestfriend.”Renaesays.ButwhenRenaew