2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit3Familymatters第2课时Usinglanguage学案含解析外研版必修第一册

PAGEUnit3Familymatters其次课时UsinglanguageⅠ.词汇初探1．currently(adv.)现在，当前2．regularly(adv.)常常3．responsible(adj.)负有责任的，应担当责任的4．memory(n.)记忆，回忆5．nowadays(n.)现今，现时6．skin(n.)皮肤7．jogging(n.)慢跑8．slim(adj.)苗条的，修长的9．nation(n.)国家10．aim(v.)力求达到11．issue(n.)议题；争辩的问题12．theme(n.)主题13．observe(v.)庆祝，过(节日、生日等)14．range(n.)一系列15．apologise(v.)致歉16．impact(n.)作用，影响Ⅱ.短语互译1．takeplace发生2．thinkof想出，想起；关切3．workon从事于；致力于4．hear_from收到某人的来信5．in_fact事实上，事实上6．even_though/if即使，虽然7．bebusywith忙于……8．beworriedabout担忧……；担忧……Ⅲ.语法回顾用括号内的词的恰当形式填空1．TheEarthgoes(go)aroundtheSun.2．Hedrew(draw)apictureyesterdayafternoon.3．Sheissixteen,whowill_be(be)seventeennextyear.4．Inthelastfewyears,Chinahas_made(make)greatachievementinenvironmentprotection.5．—Hi,let'sgoskating.—Sorry,I'mbusyrightnow.Iam_filling(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.1eq\a\vs4\al(aim)(1)n.目标；目的①Itisnowouraimtosetupafactory.我们现在的目标是创办一家工厂。②Thehunter'saimwasgoodandhehitthelionwithhisfirstshot.那个猎人瞄得准，第一枪就打中了狮子。(2)vi.&vt.瞄准；(向某方面)努力Theyaimtoraisetenthousandsignatures.他们以征集一万个人的签名为目标。[归纳拓展]aim(sth.)atsb./sth.瞄准aimat/forsth.向某方向努力，力争aimatdoingsth./aimtodosth.意欲、企图、力求做某事beaimedat(doing)sth.旨在……，目的在于[巧学助记][即时巩固]补全句子①Hefinallyachieved_his_aim(实现了他的目标)attheLondonOlympicGames.②TheChinesegovernmentis_aiming_to_improve(正致力于提高)people'slivingstandards.③Theregulationsare_aimed_at(旨在……)thepreventionofaccidentsatwork.2eq\a\vs4\al(observevt.)(1)视察；观测；监视；凝视Shespentyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.她花了多年的时间来视察并记录它们的日常活动。(2)看到；视察到；留意到HeobservedthatHomerwasstilladmiredaftertwothousandyears.他视察到荷马在两千年后仍旧受到崇拜．(3)遵守(规则、法律等)Evenrunningtheyellowlightwillbecharged，soyouhadbetterobservethetrafficrulesstrictly.闯黄灯都要被罚款，你最好严格遵守交通规则。(4)庆祝(生日、节日、周年等)ChinesepeopleobservetheSpringFestivalinthesamewaythatwesternpeopleobserveChristmasDay.中国人庆祝春节就像西方人庆祝圣诞节一样(重要)。[归纳拓展](1)observesb.eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.视察某人做某事全过程,doingsth.视察某人正在做某事,that...视察……))(2)observethetrafficrules遵守交通规则(3)observetheSpringFestival/Christmas庆祝春节/圣诞节[巧学助记][名师点拨]observesb.dosth.在变成被动语态时，应添加省掉的不定式符号“to”。Thiskindofcoverhasbeenobservedtoinfluencethegrowthofplants.人们视察到这种罩子对植物生长有影响。[巧学助记]一言巧记observeWhenweattendtheparadetoobservetheNationalDay，wemustobservethetrafficregulations.Ifweobservesomeoneruntheredlight,weshouldstophim.当我们参与游行庆祝国庆节的时候，我们必需遵守交通规则。假如我们看到有人闯红灯，我们就要阻挡他。[即时巩固]写出下列句中observe的含义①DoyouobserveChristmasDayinyourcountry？(庆祝)②Studentsmustobservetherulesoftheschool.(遵守)③Thefarsideofthemoonisdifficultforustoobserve.(看到，视察到)④IfelthewasobservingeverythingIdid.(监视)单句语法填空⑤Weobserved(observe)thatithadturnedcloudy.⑥OnthetopofMountainTai,peopleobservedexcitedlythesunrising(rise)fromthehorizon.⑦Hewasobservedto_follow(follow)herclosely.eq\o(\s\up7(3),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al()rangen.种类；范围；界限；射程v.在确定范围内变动；变更；排列①Thehoteloffersawiderangeoffacilitiesandservices.这家酒店供应一系列的设施和服务。②Cupsandplateswereneatlyrangedonhershelves.杯子和盘子整齐地排列在她的架子上。③Pricesrangebetween$7and$10.价格在7美元到10美元之间。[巧学助记][归纳拓展]rangebetween...and...包括从……到……之间的各类事物outofone'srange某人达不到rangefrom...to...在……和……之间变更rangeover范围涉及awiderangeoftemperature气温变更大withintherangeof...在……范围之内beyondtherangeof超越……的范围intherangeof在……的范围内①Thepriceofthehouseiswellbeyondourrange.这所房子的价格远远超过了我们能承受的范围。②Therewillbeanincreaseintherangeof1to3percent.将会有一到三个百分点的增长幅度。③Therewere120studentswhoseagesrangedfrom10to18.有120名学生的年龄在10到18岁之间。[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Expertssayeatingawiderangeoffruitandvegetables,aspartofabalanceddiet，canprotectusagainstillness.解析：句意：专家说，作为均衡饮食的一部分，吃各种各样的水果和蔬菜能防止我们患病。考查固定短语。awiderangeof各种各样的。②Theeffectsofairpollutionrangefrommildheadachestodeath.解析：句意：空气污染所产生的影响不等——从稍微头疼到死亡。考查固定搭配。rangefrom...to...从……到……变更。③Manystudiesshowthatpeoplewithanarrowrangeofsocialcontactsoftengetsick.解析：句意：许多探讨表明社交少的人常常生病。考查固定短语。arangeof一系列，一些。4eq\a\vs4\al(apologizev.致歉；辩白)①Well，hewasnotgoingtoholdhisbreathforhertoapologize.嗯，他不想屏息等她来致歉。②Youshouldapologizetoherforyourcarelessness.你应当为你的马虎大意向她致歉。[归纳拓展](1)apologizetosb.forsth.因某事向某人致歉apologizetosb.fordoingsth.因做某事向某人致歉(2)apologyn．致歉；辩白make/offeranapologytosb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人致歉accept/refusean/one'sapology接受/拒绝某人的致歉Hemadeanapologytoherfornotreplyingtoherletterintime.他因没有刚好给她回信而向她致歉。[即时巩固]一句多译他应当为他的粗鲁向她赔礼致歉。①Heshouldmake/offer_an_apology_to_her_forhisrudeness.(apology)②Heshouldoffer_her_an_apology_forhisrudeness.(apology)③Heshouldapologize_to_her_for_his_beingrudetoher.(apologize)单句语法填空④Thecaptainmadeanapologytothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.解析：句意：恶劣天气导致航班误点，船长向乘客们致歉。makeanapologytosb.for(doing)sth.表示“因(做)某事向某人致歉”。⑤Tinaapologizedtohermotherforbreakingherfavouritenecklace.解析：考查介词。句意：因为弄坏了母亲最喜爱的项链，Tina向她母亲道了歉。apologizetosb.forsth.“因某事向某人致歉”。1eq\a\vs4\al(hearfrom接到……的信)Ilookforwardtohearingfromher.我盼望着收到她的信。[归纳拓展]hearabout/of听说；听到；听到说起hearthat...听人说起……hearsb.dosth.听到某人做了某事hearsb.doingsth.听到某人正在做某事①I'veneverheardofanyonedoingathinglikethat.我从来没听说有人会做这种事。②Weoftenhearthecouplequarrel.AndthismorningwhenIwaspassingby，Iheardthemquarrelingagain.我们常常听到这对夫妇吵架，今日早上我路过时又再次听到他们吵架的声音。温馨提示：hearfrom后面只能接表示人的名词或代词，不行接某人的信(letter)作宾语。“收到某人的信”可用getaletterfromsb.来表示。[巧学助记]Iheardfrommyfriendyesterday.昨天我收到了一封挚友的来信。[即时巩固]完成句子①Iamdelightedto_hear_fromyou.＝Iamdelightedto_receive_a_letter_fromyou.我很兴奋收到你的来信。②Ihear_thathewasinprisononce.听说他曾经坐过牢。③Ihaveneverheard_of/aboutsuchastory.我从未听说过这样的故事。一句多译④Ihear_thatsheisill.＝Ihear_of/aboutherillness.我听说她病了。2eq\a\vs4\al(takeoff)(1)脱掉(衣服)，摘掉Takeoffyourclothes;they'reverywet.脱掉你的衣服，衣服湿透了。(2)休假，休息I'vedecidedtotakeafewdaysoffnextweek.我确定下星期休息几天。(3)取消，停演Theshowwastakenoffbecauseofapooraudiencefigure.该剧目因不卖座而停演了。(4)(飞机)起飞Thenurseryteacheroftenleadsherchildrentowatchplanestakeofforland.幼儿园老师常常带领孩子们去看飞机起飞或着陆。(5)匆忙离去，匆忙离开Whenhesawmecominghetookoffintheoppositedirection.他见我走过来便赶快转身走了。(6)突然大受欢迎，快速流行HersingingcareertookoffafterherTVappearance.她在电视上亮相后，歌颂事业便快速走红。[归纳拓展]takeapart拆开takeback收回takein理解；上当takeon呈现takeover接管taketo喜爱上takeup占用[即时巩固]用恰当的take的短语填空①Rodlovestaking_apartclocks.However,henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：罗德喜爱拆钟表，然而他从来不能把它们再组装起来。takeapart“拆开，分开”。②Teddoesn'tknowwhattotake_upattheuniversity;hecan'tmakeuphismindabouthisfuture.3have/makeanimpacton...对……有影响①Themoveisnotexpectedtomakeanimpactonthecompany'semployees.预料这一行动对公司职员不会产生什么巨大的影响。②Ourregionalmeasureshavehadasignificantimpactonunemployment.我们的区域措施对失业有重大影响。[归纳拓展]achieveanimpacton对……造成影响haveaneffecton对……有影响makeadifferenceto对……有影响[即时巩固]补全句子①Hisspeechmade_a_great_impact_on(造成巨大影响)everyonepresent.②Thepollutedwaterherehas_a_bad_effect_on(有不良影响)people'shealth.eq\o(\s\up7(1),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al()Strangely，hisbeardisstillredeventhoughhishairisturninggrey.,惊奇的是，他的胡须照旧是红色的，即使他的头发正在变白。[句式分析]句中eventhough引导一个让步状语从句。提示：eventhough/if引导的让步状语从句，其主从句谓语可以用陈述语气说明事实或可能成为事实，也可以用虚拟语气说明与事实相反状况或不行能成为事实的状况。①EventhoughBrucegetsacceptedtoHarvard，hisfamilyisn'tabletoaffordtheexpensivetuition.即使布鲁斯被哈佛高校录用，他家也付不起那昂贵的学费。②Eventhoughthepoisonedmanhadbeentreatedinthehospital，hewouldn'thavebeensaved.即使那个中毒的人在医院得到治疗，他也不会被救活。[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Heissobusy.Hecannotaffordenoughtimewithhissonevenif/thoughhewantsto.解析：本题考查连词的用法。evenif/though即使。翻译句子②尽管她有时可能很烦人，我还是喜爱她。I_like_her,_even_though/if_she_may_be_annoying_at_times.eq\o(\s\up7(2),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al()ButIusuallywearmyhairinaponytailthesedaysasithasgotalotlonger.,但是这些天里我常常扎着马尾辫，因为我的头发有点长了。[句式分析](1)句中as用连词，意为“因为”。(2)句中alot作状语，用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级，加强比较级的程度。类似的词还有still，no，any，much，rather，abit，alittle，far，even，agreatdeal等。①Youarestandingtooclosetothecamera.Canyoumovealittlefarther?你站得离相机太近了。你能离得再远一点吗？②Areyoufeelinganybetter?你感觉好点了吗？③Thereareevenmorepeoplethanexpected.到的人比预料的还要多。留意：so，quite，very，fairly，greatly，too只修饰形容词、副词的原级。Tomissofriendlythatweallfeelgreatlydelightedtoworkwithhim.汤姆如此之友好，我们与他共事感觉极其欢乐。[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Asitissnowing,weshallnotgotothepark.②Aftertwoyears'research，wenowhaveafarbetterunderstandingofthedisease.解析：far用于修饰比较级，表示数量、程度等，意为“……得多”。eq\o(\s\up7(3),\s\do5())...andjogginghaskeptherslimandfit.……慢跑使她既苗条又健康。[句式分析]句中运用了“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，keep意为“使……处于某种状态”。该结构的常见形式有：(1)keep＋sb./sth.＋形容词/副词①Iwastootiredtokeepmyeyesopen.我累得眼睛都睁不开了。②Inourdailylife,wemustkeepourselvesawayfromdanger.日常生活中，我们必需使自己远离危急。(2)keep＋sb./sth.＋介宾短语Youshouldkeepyourhandsbehindyourbacks.你们应当把手放在背后。(3)keep＋sb./sth.＋现在分词(表示主动和状态的持续)I'msorry.Ihavekeptyouwaitingoutsideforsolong.对不起，我让你在外面等了那么久。(4)keep＋sb./sth.＋过去分词(表示被动和状态的持续)Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.少说话，多视察。[即时巩固]完成句子①Hismotherkepthim_standing_outsidefor5minutes.他妈妈让他在外面站了五分钟。单句语法填空②Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleaguesamused(amuse)withherstories.解析：考查非谓语动词。keep＋sb./sth.＋宾补“使……处于某种状态”。依据句意，sb.与它后面的动词为被动关系，故填amused。eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Can'twaittoseeyoubackinschool！,迫不及待地想在学校里见到你！)[句式分析]此句为简洁句，“can'twaittodo”意为：迫不及待要做某事，相当于canhardlywaittodo。①Hearingthatthefamousstariscoming,hisfanscanhardlywaittoseehim.听说这位闻名的明星要来，他的粉丝们迫不及待地想见到他。②Icanhardlywaittoknowwhathashappened.我迫不及待地想知道发生了什么。[归纳拓展]can'twaitfordoingsth.迫不及待地做某事can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事can'thelp(to)dosth.不能帮忙做某事can'thelpbutdosth.不得不做某事Hearingthenews,shecouldn'thelplaughing.听到这个消息，她禁不住笑了起来。[即时巩固]补全句子①WhenJimwastoldthathecouldgoonajourneytoChinawithhisfather,he_could_hardly_wait_to_pack_up(他迫不及待地整理行李)．单句语法填空②Atthefunnystory,wecouldn'thelplaughing(laugh)．③Hiswifewasout.Hecouldnothelpbutcook(cook)forhimself.④Whentheyknewtherewasapandainthepark,thechildrencouldhardlywaitto_see(see)it.复习五种基本时态的用法Ⅰ.五种时态的用法1．一般现在时(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示常常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Icefeelscold.Theyalwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.(3)表示知觉、看法、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,like,hate,want,think,belongto,seem等。Helikeshisbike.AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。I'llwritetoherwhenIhavetime.(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词如come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,end,stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、支配或支配要发生的动作。当be表示依据时间或事先支配确定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。Theshopclosesat11：00pmeveryday.TomorrowisWednesday.2．一般过去时(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的详细时间状语连用(或有上下文语境示意)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。Wemetherinthestreetyesterday.Whenhewasyoung,hetookcoldbathsregularly.Ididn'texpecttoseeyoustudyingatthelibrary.(2)假如从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but,and，when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute等。Heboughtawatchbutlostit.Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.(4)常用一般过去时的句型。Whydidn'tyouthinkofthat?Ididn'tnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididn'trecognizehim.3．一般将来时(1)表示将来的动作或状态，常用will/shall＋动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow,nextweek等。Wewillhaveameetingtomorrow.Wewilldiewithoutairorwater.(2)表示趋向行为的动词如come,go,start,begin,leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。ThestudentsareleavingonSunday.(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式begoingtodo,betodo,beabouttodo的用法及区分：①begoingto在口语中常用来表示已经确定或支配要做的事、必定或很可能发生的事，也可用来表示自然现象。TherailwayisgoingtobeopenonOctober1st.②betodo表示按支配、支配即将发生的动作，还可表示叮嘱、吩咐、禁止、可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3：00o'clockthisafternoon.Youaretobebackbeforefiveo'clock.③beabouttodo表示“即将，刚要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.留意：begoingtodo表示现在准备在最近或将来要做某事，这种准备往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/willdo表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的确定。begoingto表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。Ifitisfine,we'llgofishing.[√]Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.[×]4．现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不确定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的支配或支配；go,come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always,often等频度副词连用，表示常常反复的行为或某种感情色调。Heisworkingonapaper.SheisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.IammeetingMr.Wangtonight.WeareleavingonFriday.Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。②表示存在状态的动词：appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto等。③表示行为结果的动词：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等。④表示感官的动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。5．现在完成时(1)现在完成时除可以和for,since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/overthelast/pastfewyears/months/weeks/...,inrecentyears,sofar,uptonow等。(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时。Itis/hadbeen＋一段时间＋since从句This/That/Itisthefirst/second/...timethat＋现在完成时。This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting/...＋that＋现在完成时。(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,youwillrealizethetheorybetter.Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.Ⅱ.易混淆的时态[即时巩固]单句语法填空①(北京高考改编)Ihave_read(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI'lltrytofinishitattheweekend.解析：通过halfoftheEnglishnovel和I'lltrytofinishitattheweekend推断出已完成了小说的一半，所以要用现在完成时。②(四川高考改编)Then，aftertwoandahalfyears，themotherdrove(drive)theyoungpandaaway.解析：句意：然后，两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。依据句意可知，此处应用一般过去时。③(浙江高考改编)Whileonlineshoppinghas_changed(change)ourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.解析：句意：尽管网上购物已经变更了我们的生活，但是并不是全部的影响都是主动的。主语是onlineshopping，结合语境以及后面的havebeen可知，这里要用现在完成时。④(北京高考改编)—DrJacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.—Allright.Iwill_call(call)himlater.解析：句意：——杰克逊医生现在不在办公室。——好的。我一会儿打给他。依据发话者的isnot...atthemoment及答语中的later可知，在这种状况下，答话者将晚点打电话给他，用一般将来时态。⑤—What'sthatterriblenoise?—Theneighborsare_preparing(prepare)foraparty.解析：现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。⑥(江苏高考改编)Therealreasonwhypriceswere(be),andstillare，toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.解析：句意：物价过去很高，现在依旧居高不下，其真正缘由是困难的，不是两三句话能圆满说明的。依据空格后面的andstillare(而且现在仍旧是)推断，前面是指