2022-2023学年浙江省舟山市高三上学期期末英语试题及答案

2022-2023学年浙江省舟山市高三上学期期末英语试题及答案注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卷上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用像皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卷上，写在本试题卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频】Howdoesthemanfeelaboutlosingthephone?A.Heisveryupset.B.Hedoesn’treallymind.C.Heisabitannoyed.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Iseemtohavelostmyphone.Whatnow?W:Iwillringyournumber.Maybesomeonewillreply.Wheredidyouloseit?M:Noidea.Thereisnorush.Iwasthinkingaboutchangingitanyway.2.【此处可播放相关音频】Whichisthegirl’shorse?A.Theonewiththewhiteface.B.Theonebesidetheblackhorse.C.Theonewithtwoblacklegs.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Isthatyourhorseoverthere,withwhiteface?W:No.Mineistheonewithtwowhitelegs.Isn’tshepretty?M:Oh,yes,standingnexttotheblackhorse.W:That’sright.3.【此处可播放相关音频】Whatwillthemandrink?A.Water. B.Tea. C.Coffee.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Oops.Itseemswe’verunoutofcoffeebeans.Icansendoutforsomebubblemilkteaifyoulike.M:It’sokay,Zoe.Waterisjustfine.W:Allright.4.【此处可播放相关音频】Howmanybrothersdoesthemanhave?A.One. B.Two. C.Three.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Howmanybrothersandsistersdoyouhave?W:Ihaveonlyonebrother.Whataboutyou,Bruce?M:Icomefromabigfamily.Ihavethreebrothersandtwosisters.5.【此处可播放相关音频】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Theboyneedstohavearest.B.Theboyhastogooverlessonsatweekends.C.Theboyshouldhavepassedtheexamlasttime.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Mom,mustIstayathomereviewinglessonsevenatweekends?I’vestudiedforseveraldays.Ineedtorelax.W:Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly,butdon’tpushyourluckthistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频】6.Whatisthemanprobablytryingtodo?A.Openanewbankaccount. B.Exchangesomemoney. C.Withdrawmoneyfromhisaccount.7.Whatistheman’smainproblem?A.Hedoesn’thaveanymoney. B.Heforgothisbankaccountnumber. C.Hisbankisn’tavailableinNewYork.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,howmayIhelpyou?M:I’vegothalfamillionJapaneseyen,andIneedtotradeitforUSdollars.Isthatpossibleatthisbranch?W:Thatwouldcomeouttoaround4,500dollars,whichnightbeoverourexchangelimit.What’syouraccountnumberorsocialsecurity?M:Oh,I’mnotcurrentlyanaccountholderatChaseBank.W:Wouldyouliketoopenone,sir?It’dbenecessaryforcarryingoutthisservice.M:MyJapanesehankdoesn’texistinNewYork.Sorry,I’monlyhereonholiday—settingupanaccountwon’tbenecessary.W:I’msorrywecouldn’tbeofmorehelp.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频】8.Whatkindofapartmentdoesthemanwanttorent?A.Anapartmentwithtwobedroomsandabathroom.B.Anapartmentwithasmallbedroomandabathroom.C.Anapartmentwithabedroomandasmallbathroom.9.Howmuchdoesthemanwanttopayeachmonth?A.$240. B.$340. C.$480.10.Howfarawayistheapartmentfromtheuniversity?A.2miles. B.3miles. C.4miles.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,whatcanIdoforyou?M:Yes,Iwanttorentauniversityapartment.W:Whatsortofapartmentareyoulookingfor?M:Uh,anapartmentwithabedroomandasmallbathroom.W:Well,thatshouldn’tbeaproblem.Whatsortofpricewereyouthinkingof?M:Couldyougivemesomeidea?W:Certainly.Theyrangefrom$240to$480amonth.M:Oh,Isee.IfIpay$240amonth,whatkindofapartmentcanIhave?W:Youneedtosharewith2otherstudentsandtravel3milestotheuniversity.M:Threemilesonfoot?W:Youdon’thaveto.There’sasubwaystationjustinfrontoftheapartment.M:ThatsoundsOKtome.I’lltakethatone.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频】11.Whatdoweknowaboutthismannedflightmission?A.Itisthehardesttooperate. B.Ittravelsatthefastestspeed. C.Ithasthelongeststayingtime.12.WhatdoTaikonautsdotopassthetime?A.Playtennis. B.Playinstruments. C.Playcards.13.Whatdoesthewoman’sfinalwordsmean?A.Womenareasexcellentasmen.B.Womenundertakemorethanmendo.C.Womenarelesssuitableinthismission.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,areyouwatchingavideooftheChinesespacestation?Shenzhou-12,right?M:Close.Shenzhou-13.W:It’shardtokeepupwithChinaspeed!Sohowlongaretheyinorbitthistime?M:Sixmonths,thelongeststayofanysinglemannedfightmissioninChina’shistory.W:Sodoyouwatchthemconductexperimentsorspacewalksorwhat?M:Prettymuch.Theyevengivelessonsinthespacestation!W:IwonderwhattheTaikonautsdotopassthetimeupthere?M:Theygoforjogs,playmusicalinstruments,andevenplayping-pong.W:Zero-gravityping-pong!Igottatrythat!Who’sthatladyfloatingby?M:That’sWangYaping.She’sbecomesomewhatofacelebritydownhereonearth.W:Well,womenholduphalfthesky,soit’sonlyfittingthattheyshouldworkinittoo.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频】14.Whatistheman?A.Ateacher. B.Adoctor. C.Ahost.15.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Howtosavemoney. B.Howtospendmoney. C.Howtobeagoodhousewife.16.Wheredoesthewomanlikeshopping?A.Insupermarkets. B.Inoutdoormarkets. C.Indepartmentstores.17.Whatdoesthewomanhighlyrecommend?A.Fixingthingsbyourselves. B.Hiringsomeonetorepairthings. C.Askingfriendstohelpwiththerepairs.【答案】14.C15.A16.B17.A【解析】原文】M:Goodevening,everybody.Todaywearegoingtotalkaboutsavingmoney.Manyofushavetosavemoney,butdifferentpeoplesavemoneyindifferentways.NowwearegoingtotalktoKathytoseewhatshedoes.Hi,Kathy,doyoutrytosavemoney?W:Sure.I’mahousewife,soIhavetosavemoneyasmuchaspossible.M:Andhowdoyousave?Canyoutellussomethingaboutit?W:Well,Itrynottoshopindepartmentstoresorsupermarketsexceptwhenthingsareonsale.Ineverpayfullprice.Ireallylikeshoppinginoutdoormarkets,andIcanusuallyfindsomerealbargainsthere.M:Great!That’sagoodidea.W:AndalsomyhusbandandIdon’townacar.Ifweneedoneforaweekend,wejustrentone.Wecan’treallyaffordtobuyausedone.M:Isee.W:Andthebestwaytosavemoneyisnottopaypeopletofixthingsforyou.M:Sorry,Ican’tunderstandthat.Whatdoyoumean,Kathy?W:Wellmyhusbandoftentriestorepairthingsaroundthehouse.Wecansavealotofmoneythatway.M:Well,thankyouverymuch,Kathy.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频】18.Whereistheman?A.Athome. B.Intheoffice. C.Atatravelagency.19.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Goonbusiness. B.Gotothetheater. C.Meethisfriends.20.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheconversation?A.Themanwillfetchthesuitcasehimself.B.Themanwantsthewomantobringthesuitcaseforhim.C.Themanwillhavehisfriendfetchthesuitcaseforhim.【答案】18.B19.A20.B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,darling.I’vejustheardIhavetogotoItalyforacoupleofdays.I’mflyingthisevening.W:Oh,David.Doyoureallyhavetogo?YouknowtheJohnson’sarecomingaroundtoseeustonight.M:Yes,Iknow.ButIcan’thelpit.They’llhavetocomesomeothertime.W:Thenwewon’tbeabletogotothetheatertomorrow.M:No,I’mafraidwe’llhavetochangeallourplans.W:Allright,David.Whenexactlyareyouleaving,then?M:I’mtakingthe7o’clockplanetoRome.W:Areyoucominghomebeforeyougototheairport?M:I’mafraidIcan’t.I’mstillhavingatalkwithmybosshere.W:Whataboutyoursuitcase?M:I’mafraidyou’llhavetopackitforme.W:Andwho’sfetchingitforyou?M:You’llbringit,darling.W:Whyme?第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAnumberofeventsaregoingonattheCooperageProject,locatedat1030MainStreetinHonesdale.Enjoy!TheCooperageMakerFairTheCooperageMakerFairwillbeheldfrom10:00amto4:00pmonFriday,June12onthegroundsoftheCityMuseum.TheMakerFairisaplacewherepeopleshowwhattheyaremaking—ashowcaseforinventionandcreativity,andsharewhattheyarelearning.Anyoneinterestedinpresentingtheirprojects,hobbiesandexperimentsshouldapplytotakepartat.SuchSweetThunderAt7:00pmonWednesday,June17,therewillbeafilmscreeningofcomedyTwelfthNightaspartoftheSuchSweetThunder:Shakespeare’sPlaysonFilmSeries.Dr.RobertDuganwillintroducetheplaywithabriefbackground.Admissionisfree,butduetolimitedseating,bookingisrequiredat.SoundsLikeTeenSpiritOnThursday,June24,therewillbeaneventcalledSoundsLikeTeenSpiritfrom3:00pmto5:00pm.SoundsLikeTeenSpiritisdesignedtoprovideanopportunitytoshowcasethetalentofourcommunity’syouth.School—agedstudentsareencouragedtosharetheirperformingartonstageattheCooperageProject!GreatBrazilianMusicTourOnSaturday,June27,afantasticopportunityisreadyforyoutolistentosomegreatBrazilianmusicbythemusicalgroupMinas.Itisfrom2:30pmto4:30pm,anddoorsopenat2:00pm.Weencouragechildrenandtheirfamiliestocometolearnallabouttherhythm,excitementandsoundofBrazilianmusic.Thetwo—hourperformanceissuretobefunforthewholefamily.Theadmissionchargeis$5foreachperson,andallthemoneywillgotothelocalfoodbank.Youcanalsogiveawayoldclothesandmoneyattheentrance.21.Whendoestheeventtakeplacewherestudentscanputontheirownperformances?A.OnJune12. B.OnJune17. C.OnJune24. D.OnJune27.22.Whicheventrequirespeopletomakeareservation?A.SuchSweetThunder. B.SoundsLikeTeenSpirit.C.TheCooperageMakerFair. D.GreatBrazilianMusicTour.23.WhatcanyoudoatGreatBrazilianMusicTour?A.Showyourgiftforinvention. B.Makeadonation.C.PerformwithMinasonstage. D.Learntomakemusic.【答案】21.C22.A23.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了位于HonesdaleMainStreet1030号的Cooperage项目正在进行一系列活动。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据SoundsLikeTeenSpirit中“OnThursday,June24,therewillbeaneventcalledSoundsLikeTeenSpiritfrom3:00pmto5:00pm.SoundsLikeTeenSpiritisdesignedtoprovideanopportunitytoshowcasethetalentofourcommunity’syouth.School—agedstudentsareencouragedtosharetheirperformingartonstageattheCooperageProject!”（6月24日星期四下午3点到5点，将有一个名为“SoundsLikeTeenSpirit”的活动。《SoundsLikeTeenSpirit》旨在为我们社区的年轻人提供一个展示才华的机会。鼓励学龄学生在“合作计划”的舞台上分享他们的表演艺术！）可知，6月24日举办的活动，学生们可以进行自己的表演。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据SuchSweetThunder中“Admissionisfree,butduetolimitedseating,bookingisrequiredat.”（门票是免费的，但由于座位有限，需要在预订。）可知，SuchSweetThunder这项活动需要预约。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据GreatBrazilianMusicTour中“Theadmissionchargeis$5foreachperson,andallthemoneywillgotothelocalfoodbank.Youcanalsogiveawayoldclothesandmoneyattheentrance.”（入场费是每人5美元，所有的钱都将捐给当地的食品银行。你也可以在入口处赠送旧衣服和钱。）可知，在GreatBrazilianMusicTour活动中，你可以进行捐赠。故选B项。B43-year-oldJohnChadwickstartedlive-streaming(直播)lifeofthebirdswiththeirchicks.ButjustweeksafteruploadingthevideostoYouTube,hegainedmillionsofviewsfromaroundtheworld.Johnsaid,“Tothinkthattensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenwatchingthebirdsfromaroundtheworldisjustincredibleandquiteoverwhelming.”Thesoundengineerboughtthebirdboxbyaccident.HeplaceditonawillowtreeinhisbackgardeninMarch,andwithinhourstwobluetits(蓝冠山雀)movedinandtheyhadfivechicks.Atfirst,heonlywantedtoshowhisfamilywhatthebirdswereupto.Johnsaid,“Withinadaythebirdsmovedin,andIwantedtoknowwhatwasgoingoninside.Istartedtolivestreamanddovideohighlightseveryday-onthefirstday100peoplewatchedit.Itshowedthingslikethechicksbeingfedinthenestsastheparentscarriedincaterpillars(毛毛虫).Afterthreemonths,Ihad2,000subscribers.”Johndecidedtoputafinalvideotogetherandkeepitasshortaspossible-showingthebirdsgoingintothenests,theeggshatching,andthechicksfledging(长羽毛).Nowdespitethehugeglobalsuccessofthevideos,Johnisunlikelytomakeenoughforanesteggofhisown.Hestillneedstostruggleforhisfamily.ButsomepeoplesaytheyfinditquiterelaxingandgenuinelyfascinatedbyJohn’svideos.Hesaid,“Mypersonalchallengetomyselfwastogetoutofmycomfortablezone.AndIenjoyexploringnewareas.ButIkeepinmindthatIneedtocareformyfamily.”24.WhydidJohnlivestreambirds’lifeatfirst?A.Tokilltimeathome.B.Toknowmoreaboutthebirds.C.Togethimclosertohisfamily.D.Tocallonpeopletoshelterbluetits.25.WhattroubleisJohnfacedwithnow?A.Hisfinancialproblem.B.Littlebluetits’settlements.C.Improvementofhisfinalvideo.D.Challengesfromonlineviewers.26.WhichwordscanbestdescribeJohn?A.Intelligentandhardworking.B.Helpfulandwise.C.Knowledgeableandgenerous.D.Adventurousandresponsible.27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ABirdLover’sVideoofBlueTitsAttractsMillionsofFansB.AVideoRaisesPeople’sAwarenessofProtectingBirdsC.TechnologyCanGreatlyAffecttheSurvivalofWildlifeD.ABirdLoverMakesEffortstoProtectRareBlueTits【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了John直播鸟儿幼崽生活的视频在YouTube迅速走红，同时他自己也面临着资金不足的问题，但他把这看作是对自己的挑战。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Withinadaythebirdsmovedin,andIwantedtoknowwhatwasgoingoninside.Istartedtolivestreamanddovideohighlightseveryday-onthefirstday100peoplewatchedit.Itshowedthingslikethechicksbeingfedinthenestsastheparentscarriedincaterpillars(毛毛虫).(不到一天，鸟儿就搬进来了，我想知道里面发生了什么。我开始每天直播并做视频集锦——第一天就有100人观看。它展示了一些东西，比如雏鸟在巢中被喂食，而父母则带着毛毛虫)”可知，John一开始直播是为了能更多地了解这些鸟。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Nowdespitethehugeglobalsuccessofthevideos,Johnisunlikelytomakeenoughforanesteggofhisown.Hestillneedstostruggleforhisfamily.(现在，尽管这些视频在全球取得了巨大的成功，但约翰不太可能赚到足够的钱来养活自己。他仍然需要为他的家庭而奋斗)”可知，John现在面临着经济问题。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hesaid,“Mypersonalchallengetomyselfwastogetoutofmycomfortablezone.AndIenjoyexploringnewareas.ButIkeepinmindthatIneedtocareformyfamily.”(他说:“我对自己的个人挑战是走出我的舒适区。我喜欢探索新的领域。但我始终牢记，我需要照顾我的家人。”)”推知，John是一个喜欢冒险并有责任心的人。故选D。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“43-year-oldJohnChadwickstartedlive-streaming(直播)lifeofthebirdswiththeirchicks.ButjustweeksafteruploadingthevideostoYouTube,hegainedmillionsofviewsfromaroundtheworld.(43岁的JohnChadwick开始直播这些鸟和它们的幼崽的生活。但就在将视频上传到YouTube的几周后，他在世界各地获得了数百万的观看量)”可知，文章主要讲述了John直播鸟儿幼崽生活的视频在YouTube迅速走红，同时他自己也面临着资金不足的问题，但他把这看作是对自己的挑战。A项“一位爱鸟人士的蓝雀视频吸引了数百万粉丝”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选A。CPieterBruegel’s1565realisticpaintingTheHarvestershangsattheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.“Theworkdescribesfarmerscuttingwheatnearlyastallastheyare,”GhentUniversitybiologistIveDeSmetsays.“Nowadays,ifyouwalkthroughawheatfield,youbasicallyseewheatisaboutknee-high,whichisaconsequenceofselectivebreeding(培育)fromthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.”DeSmetsayshe’steamingupwitharthistorianDavidVergauwenofAmaranttolookatthingswheretheycanspotdifferencesinshape,incolor,andinsize.Wheatisjustoneexampleofhowhistoricalartworkcanhelptrackthetransformationoffoodcropsovertime.Friendssincechildhood,theytookinterestinplantsinartworkandbeganwithavisittotheHermitageMuseuminRussia—wheretheynoticedanodd-lookingwatermeloninanearly-17th-centurypaintingbyFlemishartistFransSnyders.“Soifyouthinkofawatermelon,youcutitthrough,itshouldbedarkredontheinside.Butthatoneappearedtobepaleandwhite.”DeSmetassumedthepainterhaddoneapoorjob.ButVergauwensaid,“Thisisoneofthebestpainterseverfromthatera.Soifhepaintsitlikethat,that’sthewayitmusthavebeen.”Otherpaintingsshowedthatbothredandwhitewatermelonswereraisedduringthe17thcentury.Theteamhopestosetupanonlineresearchdatabaseofhistoricalplantartwork.Theycreateasocialmediahashtag(主题标签)forit.Anyonecouldsendpicturesofrelevantartworkanddetailsofplantswhentheyvisitamuseumorexhibitthroughthehashtag.But,theyadd,thesourcesneedtoberealistic.“Ifyou’regoingtouse,forexample,Picassotounderstandhowapearlooked,youmightbemisled.”28.WhatcanwelearnfromDeSmet’swordsinparagraph1?A.Humanshavemainlyfedonwheatsince1565.B.Wheathasgonethroughgreatchangesinheight.C.ThesceneinTheHarvestersmaybeunbelievable.DSelectivebreedingaffectsagriculturalstructure.29.WhatisVergauwen’sattitudetothewatermelonpaintedbyFransSnyders?A.Doubtful. B.Disapproving. C.Favorable. D.Curious.30.Whyisthesocialmediahashtagcreated?A.Toencouragepeopletofocusonart.B.Tocollectmorepaintingsfortheirdatabase.C.Toadvertisetheirresearchdatabase.D.Tosharesomehistoricalplantartwork.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Ancientpaintingsfocusedonfoodcrops.B.Twomencreateadatabaseofplantartwork.C.Plantstodayaredifferentfromtheirancestors.D.Oldartrevealsagriculturalinformation.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以在大都会艺术博物馆展出的一幅1565年的绘画作品“TheHarvesters”为例，结合其它艺术作品，说明了可以通过过去的艺术作品了解当时的农业情况。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theworkdescribesfarmerscuttingwheatnearlyastallastheyare,(这幅作品描述的是农民割几乎和他们一样高的麦子)”和“Nowadays,ifyouwalkthroughawheatfield,youbasicallyseewheatisaboutknee-high,whichisaconsequenceofselectivebreedingfromthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.(如今，如果你走过一块麦田，你基本上会看到小麦大约有膝盖那么高，这是20世纪下半叶选择性育种的结果)”可知，小麦的高度由一人高变成齐膝高，在高度上经历了很大的变化。故选B。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“ButVergauwensaid,“Thisisoneofthebestpainterseverfromthatera.Soifhepaintsitlikethat,that’sthewayitmusthavebeen.”(但Vergauwen说：“这是那个时代最好的画家之一。所以如果他把它画成那样，那就一定是那样的。”)”可知，Vergauwen认为FransSnyders画的西瓜是真实的，表示支持。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theteamhopestosetupanonlineresearchdatabaseofhistoricalplantartwork.Theycreateasocialmediahashtag(主题标签)forit.(该团队希望建立一个历史植物艺术品的在线研究数据库，他们为此创建了一个社交媒体标签)”和“Anyonecouldsendpicturesofrelevantartworkanddetailsofplantswhentheyvisitamuseumorexhibitthroughthehashtag.(任何人在参观博物馆或展览时都可以通过这个标签发送相关艺术作品的图片和植物的细节)”可知，社交媒体标签被创建是为了收集更多的与植物有关的绘画作品，建立一个在线数据库，提供研究资源。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wheatisjustoneexampleofhowhistoricalartworkcanhelptrackthetransformationoffoodcropsovertime.(小麦只是历史艺术作品如何帮助追踪粮食作物随时间而变化的一个例子)”并结合全文内容可知，本文通过在大都会艺术博物馆展出的一幅1565年的绘画作品“TheHarvesters”，看到了小麦的变化，反映了当时的农业情况；并结合其它艺术作品，说明过去的艺术作品可以展现当时的农业情况。故选D。DIfyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.Nowresearchershavemadeprogressinunderstandinghowmammals’brainencodessocialrankandusesthisinformationtoshapebehaviors—suchaswhethertofightforthelastpizzaslice.Theydiscoveredthatanareaofthebraincalledthemedialprefrontalcortex(mPFC)wasresponsibleforrepresentingsocialrankinmammals;changestoamouse’smPFCaffecteditsdominancebehavior.ButitwasunknownhowthemPFCrepresentedthisinformationandwhichneurons(神经元)wereinvolvedinchangingdominancebehaviour.Inthenewstudy,ProfessorKayTyeletgroupsoffourmiceshareacage.Somemicebecamemoredominantandothersmoresubordinate.Assoonasthemicewerepairedup,hediscovered,theactivityoftheirmPFCneuronscouldpredict—with90percentcertainty—therankoftheiropponent.“Weexpectedanimalsmightonlysignalrankwhentheyareinacompetition,”saysco-researcherNancy.“Butitturnsoutanimalswalkaroundwiththisrepresentationofsocialrankallthetime.”WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchashowfastamousemoved,andtheyalsocouldpredict—afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted—whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.Thewinnerwasnotalwaysthemoredominant,buttheoneengagedinawinningmindset.Justasyoumightsometimesbeinamorecompetitivemoodandbemorelikelytosnatchthatpizzaslicebeforeyourboss,asubordinatemousemightbeinamorewinningmindsetthanamoredominantmouseandendupwinning.TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankandwinningmindsetarenexttooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedinwinningmindset.Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse’sconfidenceandwinningmindsetmaypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwithadominantone.“Thisisfurtherevidencetosuggestthatweareindifferentbrainstateswhenwearewithotherscomparedtowhenwe’realone,”saysTye.32.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toprovidebackgroundinformation. B.Tostatetheimportanceofsocialrank.C.Togivereadersanexampleofsocialrank. D.Tointroducethetopicofthereadingpassage.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph5referto?A.ThemPFCneurons. B.Theresearchers.C.Thebrainactivitypatterns. D.Thechangesinbehaviour.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A.Brainactivitiescaninfluencesocialrank.B.Dominantopponentsboostwinningmindset.C.Socialrankandwinningmindsetaffectbehaviour.D.Animalsonlyexhibittheirrankincompetition.35.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Winningmindsetestablishesdominance.B.Socialrankguidescompetitivebehaviour.C.Asubordinatemousecanneverbeenawinner.D.Awarenessofdifferentpeoplearoundyoumakeyourbrainusedifferentneurons.【答案】32.D33.C34.C35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员对大脑中一个叫做内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）的区域如何参与改变支配行为的研究，得出结论：处于“胜利心态”的人更容易成为具有统治力的人，意识到周围不同的人会让你的大脑使用不同的神经元。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ifyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.Butifyou’rehungryandfeelingparticularlyconfident,youmightgoforit.”(如果你在派对上伸手去拿最后一块披萨，同时看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行动可能取决于你的感觉以及那只手属于谁。如果是你妹妹——你可能就去拿披萨。如果是你的老板——你可能会放弃。但是如果你饿了并且感觉特别自信，你可能会去拿披萨。)结合之后文章提出大脑中一个叫做内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）的区域负责代表哺乳动物的社会地位，可知作者写第一段是为了引出一个主要话题。故选D项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段“WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchashowfastamousemoved,and

they

alsocouldpredict—afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted—whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.”(当研究人员再次询问mPFC神经元的活动是否与行为有关时，他们发现了一些令人惊讶的事情。大脑活动模式与行为的轻微变化有关，例如老鼠移动的速度，它们还可以在比赛开始前整整30秒预测哪只老鼠会赢得食物奖励。)可知研究人员发现大脑活动模式与行为密切相关，划线部分的“they”指的是大脑活动模式。故选C项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankand“winningmindset”arenexttooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedin“winningmindset”.Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse’sconfidenceand“winningmindset”maypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwithadominantone.”(mPFC中与社会地位和“获胜心态”相关的区域彼此相邻，高度相关。社会等级的信号会影响“获胜心态”的大脑状态。换句话说，当面对占优势的老鼠时，从属老鼠的信心和“获胜心态”可能会部分下降。)可知社会地位和获胜心态可能会影响心态，从而影响行为。故选C项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ifyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.”(如果你在派对上伸手去拿最后一块披萨，同时看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行动可能取决于你的感觉以及那只手属于谁。如果是你妹妹——你可能就去拿披萨。如果是你的老板——你可能会放弃。)；再根据倒数第一段““Thisisfurtherevidencetosuggestthatweareindifferentbrainstateswhenwearewithotherscomparedtowhenwe’realone,”saysTye.”(Tye说，这是进一步的证据表明，当我们和别人在一起时，与我们独自一人时相比，我们的大脑状态是不同的。)可知，我们大脑的神经元会随着周围不同的人而发生改变。故选D项。第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）下面文章有五处需要添加小标题。请从以下选项中选出符合各段意思的小标题。选项中有两项是多余选项。Climatechangehasincreasedaveragetemperaturesby1℃overthepastcentury,makingheatwavesmorefrequentandintensethanthosefromanyotherpointinrecordedhistory.____36____AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChangefoundglobalwarmingresponsiblefor37percentofheat-relateddeathsbetween1991and2018.Thefollowingiswhathappensifyou’rethenexttobekilled.First,yourbrainsendsaseriesofmessagestoyoursweatglandstellingthemtoincreasesweatproduction.Thenyourheartstartsbeatingfastertopumpbloodtotheskinwhilebloodflowisdirectedawayfromimportantorgans(器官)likeyourliver,kidneysandgut.____37____Ifheatstrokeoccurs,yourbodymightgethotanddirectsomuchoxygen-richbloodtotheskinthatitsuffocates(把…闷死)vitalinternalorgans.Ifyourbodyfailstocoolyoudown,itsinternaltemperaturemightstarttoclimbfromanormalleveltoabout104degrees.____38____Youmayfeelitstartasadullheadache.Beforelong,youmightloseconsciousness.Yourbrainmightbegintoswell.Whileyoustruggletostayawakeandavoiddizzyingconfusion,theexcessiveinternalheatisdamagingyourgut,consequentlycausinganinflammatory(发炎的)response.____39____That’sjustpartofwhatweknowabouthowextremeheatkillsyou.____40____Alotofwhatweknowcomesfromstudiesonanimalmodels,likemiceandrats,orfromexaminationsofpeopledyingofheatstroke.A.Astheheatrisesquickly,sodoesthedeathnumber.B.That’sbecausewecan’tstudyitinhumansinthelaboratory.C.Astemperaturestickeverhigher,thatfiguremaywellrise.D.Atthattemperature,yourbrainbecomesaffected.E.Survivingtheorganfailuremightrequireanemergencytransplant.F.Sometimesthataloneisenoughtocreateproblemsforaweakoragingheart.G.Leftuntreated,whatfollowsisafloodoforganfailurethatleadstoyourdeath.【答案】36.A37.F38.D39.G40.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了极端高温导致人类生病或死亡的原因。【36题详解】根据空后的“AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChangefoundglobalwarmingresponsiblefor37percentofheat-relateddeathsbetween1991and2018.(发表在《自然气候变化》杂志上的一项研究发现，1991年至2018年期间，37%的热相关死亡是由全球变暖造成的。)”可是，前文应该强调的是热浪造成死亡即二者之间的正关系。A选项“Astheheatrisesquickly,sodoesthedeathnumber.(随着气温迅速上升死亡人数也随之上升)”符合语境，引起下文。故选A。【37题详解】根据前文的“Thenyourheart