高考英语一轮复习课时作业三十八选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions课件新人教版

三十八选修8

Unit3

Inventorsandinventions(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·宁波模拟)

Doyouhaveajob?Ifyoudo,you’llknowtheworldofworkcanbetough—longhours,boringtasksandstress.Butitcanbringbenefitstoo,suchasaregularsalary.Maybethat’swhymoreofusarenowtakingonasidehustle—anothernameforasecondjob.

Forsomehavingtwojobsisanecessity—awaytomakeendsmeetandprovideextraincome.Butitnowseemsthatmorepeoplewanttoputtheirskillsandpassionsintopracticetomakemoney.Thesetendtobeentrepreneurialyoungpeoplewhowanttoworkontheirownprojectsalongsidetheirmainsourceofincome.

AccordingtoHenleyBusinessSchool,aroundoneinfourworkersrunatleastonesidehustlebusiness,halfofwhichwerestartedinthepasttwoyears.Thoseaged25to34aremostlikelytobeinvolved,with37percentthoughttorunasidelineofsomekind.Itcalculatesthattheaveragesidehustlermakesabout20percentoftheirincomethroughtheirsecondjob.

Butwhat’sinterestingisthatmanymillennials(千禧一代)areturningtheirhandtonewjobsnotjustformoneyandsecurity.Researchhasfoundthatalmostthree-quartersofpeoplearefollowingapassionorexploringanewchallenge.BecciMaiFord,whoworkssomeofthetimeforatelecommunicationscompanytopaythebills,spendstherestofhertimedevelopinghercraftcompany.Shesaysgoingfull-timeis“notfinanciallyworthitrightnowbutitfuelsmycreativesoulandmakesmehappy”.

Ofcoursehavingasidehustlemeansyouareself-employed,whichcangiveyouflexibilitytoworkwhenyoulike,butitcanberisky.Yousometimeworkonazero-hourscontractandmaynotgetofferedenoughwork.Orwhatwasoriginallyyourpassionmaybecomemoreofachore.However,thiscouldbethebestwaytotryoutanewcareerorfollowapassionwhilenotgivingupthedayjob.【文章大意】本文讲述了人们选择副业的原因以及年轻人选择副业的新原因,但同时副业也存在一定风险。1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforpeopletotakeonasidehustle?A.Tomakemoney.B.Toobtainjobsatisfaction.C.Tohavetheflexibilitytowork.D.Toenjoyariskylifestyle.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段Butitcanbringbenefitstoo,suchasaregularsalary.我们可以通过副业挣钱;最后一段whichcangiveyouflexibilitytowork副业可以给你工作的灵活性;根据倒数第二段notjustformoneyandsecurity和exploringanewchallenge千禧一代选择副业不仅是为了钱和安全他们想要探索新的挑战。可知,人们从事副业的原因不包括获得工作满意度,结合选项,故选B。2.TheauthorexplainsthestudyfromHenleyBusinessSchoolby_________.

A.describingtheprocessB.makingacomparisonC.presentingresearchfindingsD.analyzingthecauseandeffect【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段AccordingtoHenleyBusinessSchool,aroundoneinfourworkersrunatleastonesidehustlebusiness,halfofwhichwerestartedinthepasttwoyears可知,作者直接陈述了这个研究的结果,因此作者是通过呈现研究发现来解释亨利商学院的研究情况。故选C。3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardshavingasecondjob?A.Critical.

B.Indifferent.C.Neutral. D.Favorable.【解析】选C。观点态度题。根据最后一段Ofcoursehavingasidehustle...butitcanberisky.作者认为虽然副业可以给我们工作的灵活性,但是这是有风险的。因此作者既说明了副业的优势又说明了副业的劣势,因此态度是中立的。故选C。

B

Twenty-oneyearsago,myhusbandgavemeSam,aneight-week-oldschnauzer(雪纳瑞犬),tohelpmeeasethelossofourdaughter.SamandIdevelopedaveryspecialbondoverthenextyears.

Atonepoint,myhusbandandIdecidedtomovetoanewhomeinNewJersey.Ourneighbor,whosecathadrecentlyhadkittens,askedifwewouldlikeone.WewerealittleapprehensiveaboutSam’sjealousyandhowhewouldhandlehisturf(地盘)beinginvaded,butwedecidedtoriskit.

Wepickedalittle,gray,playfulballofFur.Sheracedaroundchasingimaginarymiceandsquirrelsandjumpedfromtabletochairintheblinkofaneye,sowenamedherLightning.

Atfirst,SamandLightningwereverycautiouswitheachotherandkepttheirdistance.Butslowly,LightningstartedfollowingSam—upthestairs,downthestairs,intothekitchen.Later,whentheyslept,itwasalwaystogether;whentheyate,itwasalwaysnexttoeachother.WhenItookeitheroneout,theotherwasalwayswaitingbythedoorwhenwereturned.Thatwasthewayitwasforyears.

Then,withoutanywarning,Samwasdiagnosedashavingaweakheart.Ihadnootherchoicebuttohavehimputdown.ThepainwasnothingcomparedwithwhatIexperiencedwhenIhadtowalkintoourhousealone.Thistime,therewasnoSamforLightningtogreetandnowaytoexplainwhyshewouldneverseeherfriendagain.

Inthefollowingdays,Lightningseemedheart-broken.Icouldseethedisappointmentinhereyeswheneveranyoneopenedthefrontdoor,orthehopewheneversheheardadogbark.

OnedayasIwalkedintoourlivingroom,IhappenedtoseeLightningwaslyingnexttothesculpturedreplica(复制品)ofSamthatwehadboughtafewyearsago,onearmwrappedaroundthestatue’sneck,contentedlysleepingwithherbestfriend.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一只猫和一只宠物狗之间的友谊。当宠物狗死了之后,猫很伤心,当发现宠物狗的雕像时,它很开心地睡在了它“朋友”的身边。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“apprehensive”inParagraph2mean?A.Shocked.

B.Curious.C.Worried. D.Eager.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“...Sam’sjealousyandhowhewouldhandlehisturfbeinginvaded,butwedecidedtoriskit.”可知,作者害怕领养一只猫会对宠物狗造成不好的影响。故选C。5.HowdidSamgetalongwithLightningatfirst?A.LightningfollowedSameverywhereitwent.B.Theyfoughtwitheachotherfiercely.C.Theykeptacertaindistancefromeachother.D.SamwasunfriendlytoLightning.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Atfirst,SamandLightningwereverycautiouswitheachotherandkepttheirdistance.”可知,起初Sam和Lightning都对对方很谨慎,保持一定距离。故选C。6.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.LightningknewSamhaddied.B.SammeansalottoLightning.C.WetookLightninghometoaccompanySam.D.SamcamebacktostaywithLightningagain.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段的介绍可知,作者一天进屋时发现Lightning躺在Sam的复制品的旁边,一个爪子搭在雕像的脖子上,和她的好朋友心满意足地入睡了,由此可推知,Sam对于Lightning来说很重要。故选B。7.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.TheFriendshipBetweenSamandLightningB.TheComingofSamandLightningC.TheDeathofSamtoLightningD.TheImportanceofSamtoUs【解析】选A。标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了一只猫和一只宠物狗之间的友谊,当宠物狗死了之后,猫很伤心,当发现宠物狗的雕像时,它很开心地睡在其“朋友”的身边。故选A。C

Almosteverydaywecomeacrosssituationsinwhichwehavetomakedecisionsonewayoranother.Choice,wearegiventobelieve,isaright.Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworld,inrichandpoorcountries,choiceisaluxury,somethingwonderfulbuthardtoget,notaright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoices,thewholesystemismerelyanillusion,afalseideacreatedbycompaniesandadvertisers,hopingtoselltheirproducts.

Theendlesschoicesgivebirthtoanxietyinpeople’slives.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofeverydaygoodsleadstoasenseofpowerlessnessinmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway,orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywanted.RecentstudiesinEnglandhaveshownthatmanyelectricalgoodsboughtinalmosteveryfamilyarenotreallyneeded.Moredifficultdecision-makingistheneitheravoidedortrustedintothehandsoftheprofessionals,lifestyleinstructors,oradvisors.

Itisnotjusttheavailabilityofthegoodsthatistheproblem,butthespeedwithwhichnewtypesofproductscomeonthemarket.Advancesindesignandproductionhelpquickentheprocess.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Thetypicalexampleiscomputers,whicharealmostout-of-dateoncetheyarebought.Thisindeedmakesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwitheaseintoashopandbuyonething;nochoice,noanxiety.【文章大意】本文主要分析了在面临购物选择时,人们需要做出艰难的决定。8.WhatdoestheauthortrytoargueinParagraph1?A.Thepracticeofchoiceisdifficult.B.Therightofchoiceisgivenbutataprice.C.Choiceandrightexistatthesametime.D.Theexerciseofrightsisaluxury.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段“Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworld,inrichandpoorcountries,choiceisaluxury,somethingwonderfulbuthardtoget,notaright.”可知,选择的实践过程是很难的。故选A。9.Whydomorechoicesofgoodsgiverisetoanxiety?A.Peoplearelikelytofindthemselvesovercomebybusinesspersuasion.B.Shoppersmayfindthemselveslostinthebroadrangeofitems.C.Companiesandadvertisersareoftenmisleadingabouttherangeofchoice.D.Professionalsfindithardtodecideonasuitableproduct.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段“Easyaccesstoawiderangeofeverydaygoodsleadstoasenseofpowerlessnessinmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway,orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywanted.”可知,更多选择商品的机会增加了焦虑是因为购物者可能会发现自己在各种各样的商品中迷失了。故选B。10.Byusingcomputersasanexample,theauthorwantstoprovethat_________.

A.productsofthelatestdesignfloodthemarketB.competitionsarefierceinhigh-techindustryC.everydaygoodsneedtobereplacedoftenD.advancedproductsmeettheneedsofpeople【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Advancesindesignandproductionhelpquickentheprocess.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Thetypicalexampleiscomputers,whicharealmostout-of-dateoncetheyarebought.”可知,日益更新的产品源源不断地涌入市场,尤其电脑产品更是如此。故选A。Ⅱ.阅读填句ColdWeatherIsGoodforYou

Withwinterapproaching,peoplebegintocomplainaboutcoldweather.

1

There’splentytoloveaboutcoldweather.Andthere’splentyofevidencethatcoolertemperaturescanbepartofahealthylife.

First,coolertemperaturescanhelpyouloseweight.Itcanalsohelpyousleepbetter.Youmightfeeluncomfortableatfirstifyoucoolyourbedroomdown.Butifyou,forexample,switchyourbedroomtemperaturefrom72downto62degreesgraduallyoverafewweeks,yourbodywilladjust.

2

Ihavelongkeptmywinterhousetemperatureat62degrees.HowdidIfindthatnumber?Well,Iexperimentedonmyselfabouteightyearsago.

3

Istartedat66andturneditdownonedegreeeveryfewdaysuntil60.Ifoundwhenthetemperaturewascolderthan62,Icouldn’tfocus.But62wasperfect.Anotherbenefitformewasthatitalsokeptmeclear-headedwhileworkingathome.

Interestingly,sciencealsosays62degreesisthemagicnumberforbrainwork.

4

Itsaid62degreeswasthetemperatureatwhichtheschoolboysubjectsofthestudyfunctionedperfect.Andwhilewe’respeakingofworkandschool,otherresearchshowsthatpeoplestudybetterwhentheweatheroutsideis“bad”.

5

Buta