2024秋高中英语Module3LiteratureSectionⅡGrammar-倒装和强调句学案含解析外研版选修71

PAGE4-Module3LiteratureSectionⅡGrammar——倒装和强调句[课文原句感知]①Herearesomenewmagazines.②Inthemiddleoftheroomwasatable.③LittledoIdreamofseeingsuchwonderfulscenery.④Notuntilatleastthirtysecondshadpassed,wasthemanabletospeak.⑤Nosoonerhadtheboyspokenthesewordsthanthewardenhithimontheheadwiththesoupspoon.⑥NeverhaveIheardanythinglikeit.⑦Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.⑧ItwasOliverTwistwhowaschosen.[语法领悟](1)以上句中，①②句中谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装。③⑦句中谓语的一部分放在主语之前，为部分倒装。(2)由③⑥句可知，具有否定意义的副词(词组)位于句首，句子要部分倒装。(3)由⑦句可知，当only位于句首，且修饰状语或状语从句时，主句要部分倒装。(4)⑧句为强调句型，其构成为It_is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。一、倒装英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。若把谓语动词放在主语之前，则构成倒装句。假如谓语全部放在主语之前，叫完全倒装，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时；假如只有助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前，则构成部分倒装。1．完全倒装(1)当表示方位或时间的副词，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out等置于句首，且主语是名词时。Outrushedagirlandacat.一个女孩和一只猫冲了出来。Awayflewthebirds.鸟儿飞走了。[名师点津]以上结构中，主语为代词时，不能构成倒装。(2)当表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首且主语是名词时。Inthefrontofthestagestandsafamoussinger.舞台前站着一位闻名的歌颂家。(3)形容词(短语)，过去分词(短语)、现在分词(短语)或介词短语作表语位于句首时，且主语部分较长时，其结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。PresentatthemeetingareProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授和很多其他客人。Hangingonthewallisapicturedrawnbya6­year­oldboy.墙上挂的是一个6岁男孩画的画。2．部分倒装(1)表示否定意义的not,never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,rarely,little,innocase,bynomeans,atnotime,onnocondition,notuntil等置于句首时。SeldomdoIgotoworkbybus.我很少乘公交车上班。NotuntilyesterdaydidlittleJohnchangehismind.直到昨天小约翰才变更他的办法。(2)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnfromyourmistakes.只有用这种方式你才能从错误中吸取教训。Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.直到1918年斗争结束时，他才能开心地重新投身于工作。(3)以so,neither,nor开头的句子用部分倒装，表示前面所说的状况也适用于后者。HestudiesEnglishwell;sodoeshissister.他英语学得很好，他妹妹也是如此。Marycan'trideabicycle;neither/norcanLucy.玛丽不会骑自行车，露西也不会。(4)在so...that...与such...that...句型中，so与such部分位于句首时，要用部分倒装。Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.他的要价太离谱，令每个人都瞠目结舌。(5)hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,notonly...but(also)．..等连接两个句子，hardly,nosooner,notonly置于句首时，紧接否定词之后的句子要用部分倒装语序。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfatherstoppedhim.他刚开口说话就被父亲制止了。Notonlydidherefusethegift,but(also)heseverelycriticizedthesender.他不但拒绝了礼物，而且还严厉指责了送礼的人。(6)含有were,should,had的虚拟条件句，可以省略if，将were,should,had提到句首进行倒装。Wereshemyfriend,Iwouldaskherforhelp.假如她是我的挚友，我就会向她求助。Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.他要是听了我的建议，就胜利了。(7)as引导的让步状语从句必需部分倒装，though引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。两者的倒装形式为“形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”。Uglyas/thoughtheoldmanis,heiskind.虽然那位老人很丑，但他很和善。[名师点津]当作表语的单数可数名词放在句首时，名词前不用冠词。Childasheis,heknowsalot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。[即学即练1](1)句型转换①Henotonlylikesreadingstories,butalsohecanwritesome.→Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,_butalsohecanwritesome.②Atalltreewithahistoryof1,000yearsjuststandsinfrontofourhouse.→Justinfrontofourhousestandsatalltreewithahistoryof1,000years.③ItwasnotuntilhismothercamebackhomeafterworkthatDavidbegantodohishomework.→NotuntilhismothercamebackhomeafterworkdidDavidbegintodohishomework.④Hehadnosoonertakenouthiscellphonethantheheadteachercameintotheclassroom.→Nosoonerhadhetakenouthiscellphonethantheheadteachercameintotheclassroom.(2)完成句子⑤Notuntilaweeklaterdid_he_receive(他才收到)theletterfromhissister.⑥Jacklikesskating.So_does_Mary(玛丽也是如此)．⑦Ontopofthebooksis_the_photo_album(是相册)you'relookingfor.⑧Ifailedthefinalexaminationlastterm.Onlythendid_I_realize(我才意识到)thatIhadwastedalotoftime.⑨Notonlywas_he_forced(他被迫)tosurrender,buteverythinghehadwastakenaway.⑩Gone_are_the_days(……的日子过去了)whenChinesewerelookeddownupon.⑪Student_as_she_is(尽管她还是个学生),shecanmakesomemoneytohelpsupportthefamily.二、强调句1．强调句型的结构：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分．ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.当车停在了我们房前时我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客席上。Itisinthiswaythatwewillfinishthetask.我们将用这种方法完成这项任务。Itwasthedoctorwho/thatsavedmymother.是那位医生救了我的母亲。[名师点津]只有在强调表示人的名词代词时，才可用itis...who...，除此之外，一律用itis...that...。2．强调句型一般疑问句的结构：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？Isittheabilitytodothejobthatmatters?做这项工作的实力很重要吗？3．强调句型特别疑问句的结构：特别疑问词(What/Who/When/Why/Where/How)＋is/wasit＋that/who＋句子其他部分？Whywasitthattheyhadtostayathomeallday?为什么他们不得不待在家里一成天？4．not...until...句型的强调句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。Bachdiedin1750butitwasnountiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.巴赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪初他的音乐才能才得到完全认可。[名师点津]推断强调句型的依据：把it＋be动词以及that/who去掉后，这句话结构和句意仍旧完整，即为强调句型。[即学即练2]句型转换①Itwasin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout.(一般疑问句)→Was_it_in_1939_that_the_Second_World_War_broke_out?②Youngassheis,sheknowsalot.(正常语序)→Although/Though_she_is_young,_she_knows_a_lot.③Hehadhardlylefttheofficewhenthetelephonerang.(倒装句)Hardly_had_he_left_the_office_when_the_telephone_rang.④MrBlackhadnosoonersetoutthanathunderstormbroke.(倒装句)→No_sooner_had_Mr_Black_set_out_than_a_thunderstorm_broke.⑤Hiscontributionissogreatthathecanbecalled“thegreatestofhisgeneration”.(倒装句)→So_great_is_his_contributionthathecanbecalled“thegreatestofhisgeneration”．⑥Whatcausedhimtomakesomanymistakes?(强调句型的特别疑问句)→What_was_it_thatcausedhimtomakesomanymistakes？单句语法填空1．OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficedid(do)sherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.解析：“only＋状语从句”置于句首，主句需用部分倒装形式。由题干可知此处应用一般过去时。2．ItwaswhenwereturnedhomethatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.解析：此处考查强调句型Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。3．WasitbecauseJackcamelateforsc