2024秋高中英语Unit4CyberspacePeriodSixGrammar学案北师大版必修2

PAGE1-Unit4CyberspacePeriodSixGrammar单元语法(一)——will与begoingto[语法图解][语法感悟]选词填空：will/begoingto1．Howdoyouthinktechnologywillchangeourlives?2．PeterTaylorfindsouthowcomputersandtheInternetare_going_toaffectourlives.3．Nowtherearearound50millionandthisgrowthis_going_tocontinue.4．Itisclearthatweare_going_toseeahugegrowthinshoppingontheInternet.5．Shealsobelievesthat,inthefuture,wewillgetentertainmentfromtheNetandthattelevisionwillprobablydisappear.6．Personally,Ithinkvirtualrealitywillbecomeapartofmodernlife.一般将来时表示将来某个时刻发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的两种结构为：助动词shall/will＋动词原形；begoingto＋动词原形。一、will的用法1．表示单纯的将来“将要”，适用于各个人称。TheywillflytoBeijinginthreedays.他们三天后将乘飞机去北京。2．表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的将来的事。(客观事实)TodayisSaturday.TomorrowwillbeSunday.今日是星期六。明天(将)是星期日。3．表示征询对方的看法或客气地邀请或吩咐。Willyoupleaseturnontheradio?请打开收音机好吗？Willyougotothezoowithme?你和我一起去动物园好吗？4．表示一种倾向或说话者的推想。Hewillhavegothomebynow.现在他该到家了。5．表示说话者或主语的意愿、决心、意向。Ibelieveourcountrywillbecomebetterandbetter.我信任我们的祖国会越变越好。6．表示说话者临时做出的确定。—Thephoneisringing.——来电话了。—Iwillanswerit.——我来接。7．will表示习惯性动作，译作“总是、惯于”。Thatmanisstrange.Hewillsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.那人很惊奇，总是坐在那里几个小时，不说一句话。8．will表示物的特征或性能。常用于否定句。Thedrawerwon'tshut.抽屉关不上了。9．shall/will＋动词原形(1)两个都用来表示将来发生的事情(2)shall常和第一人称搭配运用，will可以和全部人称搭配运用Shallwehavedinnertogethertonight?今日晚上我们一起吃饭好吗？Iwillletyouknowaboutitassoonaswecometoanyconclusion.我们一得出任何结论，我就会让你知道。[即学即用1]单句语法填空1．Closethedooroffearbehindyou,andyouwill_see(see)thedooroffaithopenbeforeyou.2．Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewill_go(go)tothepark.3．Dickwill_be(be)ondutytomorrow.4．—Annisinhospital.—Oh,really?Ididn'tknow.Iwill_go(go)andvisither.5．Fishwill_die(die)withoutwater.二、begoingto的用法“begoingto＋动词原形”在口语中运用较多。1．表示主语的意图，即将做某事。Iamgoingtobuysomethingtomorrowmorning.明天早上我要去买些东西。2．表示支配或支配要发生的事。Wearegoingtohaveaclassmeetingthisafternoon.今日下午我们准备开班会。3．表示依据目前某种状况或迹象推断，某事特别有可能发生。Look!Therecomethedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.瞧！乌云密布，天要下雨。[即学即用2]完成句子1．I'm_going_to_sellmyoldhouse.我准备卖掉我的旧房子。2．Look!Theboyis_going_to_fallofftheparallelbars!看！这个男孩要从双杠上掉下来了！3．Whatare_you_going_to_dotomorrow?明天你准备做什么？三、will和begoingto用法比较1．两者都可以表示预料将要发生的事。begoingto强调从目前的证据或迹象表明可能发生某事，或近期、眼下就要发生的事情；而will则表示依据直觉、学问、阅历等做出的揣测。will表示的将来时间较远一些。Itoldyoutocomeearly.Youaregoingtohavetrouble.我告知过你要早来。你要有麻烦了。Therewillbeadaywhenallcomputersintheworldbreakdown.将来有一天世界上全部的计算机会全部出故障。2．两者都用来表示意图。但begoingtodosth.强调“准备”和“意向”；而will强调“意愿、愿望”和“意志”。Iamnotgoingtoarguewithyoutonight.今晚我不想同你争论。Iwon'ttellyouaboutit.我不会把此事告知你。3．begoingto表示事先“支配，准备”的意思，而will则表示临时确定的事。Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.她准备借给我们她的书。What,Maryisill?Iwillgoandseeher.什么，玛丽病了？我去看她。4．在有条件状语从句的复合句中，主句一般不用begoingto而多用will。Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillgoshopping.假如明天不下雨，我们将出去购物。[即学即用3]完成句子1．There'ssomeoneknockingatthedoor.Iwill_goandopenit.有人敲门，我去开。2．Peoplewon't_livewithoutwater.没有水，人就不能生存。3．Iam_going_tohaveapicnicwithmyfriendstomorrow.我准备明天和挚友们去野炊。4．Therainisheavierandheavier,andtheriveris_going_tobeinflood.雨下得越来越大，河水有可能泛滥。四、表示将来的其他形式1．beto＋动词原形表示按支配、支配或按职责、义务或要求必需去做的事或即将发生的动作。常指客观支配。Youaretogotobedandkeepquiet,kids.Ourguestsarearrivinginlessthan5minutes.孩子们，你们必需立刻上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。2．beaboutto＋动词原形指即将要做，强调近期内或立刻要做的事。不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。Hurryup!Thetrainisabouttoleave.快点儿，火车就要开了。3．现在进行时表将来go,come,leave,start,arrive等非持续性动词可以用现在进行时表将来。Look,thebusiscoming!看，公交车来了！IamleavingonSunday.我礼拜天就走了。4．一般现在时表将来日历、时刻表的规定等将来动作常用一般现在时，时间或条件状语从句中表将来，也用一般现在时。Thetrainyouwilltakepullsoutat10：00.你要乘坐的那趟火车10点发车。[即学即用4]单句语法填空1．Herplanisto_be(be)afailure.2．Waitamoment!Iam_coming(come)．3．Iwasaboutto_leave(leave)whenthetelephonerang.4．Theplanetakes(take)offatninetomorrowmorning.单元语法(二)——真实条件句和虚拟条件句[语法图解][语法感悟]1．IfIwerenottomakepreparationsformyexperimentthisafternoon,Iwould_have_gone(go)toseethefilmwithyoulastnight.2．Ifitis(be)fine,Dad,MumandIwillgocamping.3．Ifyougo(go)totheScienceMuseumwebsite,youwill_find(find)lotsofgoodinformation.4．Ifyoutell(tell)mesometitles,Iwill_look(look)fortheminthelibrary.5．Ifwehad(have)virtualrealityholidays,wewouldn't_have(nothave)anyproblemswiththeweather.6．IfIwere(be)you,Iwouldgowithhim.英语中的条件状语从句是表示前提或条件的从句结构，分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句(也叫非真实条件句)两大类。一、真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的状况可能发生，其中if是“假如”的意思。条件状语主句意义例句一般现在时shall/will＋动词原形将来可能发生的状况。Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'thavethesportsmeeting.假如明天下雨的话，我们就不实行运动会了。一般现在时祈使句用于向某人供应建议、发出吩咐。Ifyouknowtheanswer,putupyourhandsplease.假如你们知道答案，请举手。一般现在时一般现在时表示依据条件，常常或总是会发生的事，或是真理。Iflionsarehungry,theyhuntotheranimals.假如狮子饿了，它们就猎食其他动物。[即学即用1]单句语法填空1．Ifhehas(have)time,hewillcome.2．Iwon't_go(notgo)toherpartyunlessIaminvited.3．Ifshetelephones(telephone),letmeknow.4．Iftheweatherpermits(permit),we'llgoonapicnictomorrow.二、虚拟条件句1．三种基本的虚拟条件句假如表示的条件根本不行能实现或实现的可能性很小，要用虚拟条件句。其主从句都用虚拟语气。详细结构见下表：时间条件状语从句谓语动词的形式主句谓语动词的形式与现在事实相反的假设过去式(be一般用were)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(should,would,could,might))＋动词原形与过去事实相反的假设had＋过去分词eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(should,would,could,might))＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反的假设过去式(be一般用were)/should＋动词原形/wereto＋动词原形eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(should,would,could,might))＋动词原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlyjoinyouinthetennismatch.我要是有时间确定和你一起打这场网球竞赛。Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hemightnothavemadesuchabadmistake.要是他听从我的劝说就不会犯这么严峻的错误了。IfIhadtimetomorrow,Iwouldcertainlyhelpyou.假如我明天有时间的话，我确定会帮助你的。Eveniftheyweretofail,theywouldn'tloseheart.即使他们失败，他们也不会灰心。IfIshouldhaveachancetotryit,Iwoulddoitinanotherway.要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法的。[即学即用2]单句语法填空1．IwouldwalktoworkifIlived(live)nearmyoffice.2．Youcouldhavepassedtheexamifyouhad_been(be)morecareful.3．IfIweretodothejob,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.4．Thegamewouldhavetobecalledoffifitshouldrainthisweekend.2．虚拟条件句的几种特别状况(1)省略if的虚拟条件句。if虚拟条件句中若含有were,should或助动词had，则可以将if省略，将这三个词提到句首，构成倒装形式。Hadheknowntheresult,hewouldnothavetoldhismotherthenews.＝Ifhehadknowntheresult,hewouldnothavetoldhismotherthenews.假如他知道结果，就不会把消息告知他妈妈了。Weretheyoungmanrichenough,hewouldsupporttheclub.＝Iftheyoungmanwererichenough,hewouldsupporttheclub.假如那个年轻人足够富有，他就会支持俱乐部。Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.＝Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。(2)错综虚拟条件句。当虚拟条件句的从句与主句所指时间不一样时，动词的形式要依据所表示的详细时间做出调整，这种虚拟条件句称为错综虚拟条件句。Ifhehadattendedthemeetingyesterday,hewouldknowtheanswertothequestionnow.假如他昨天参与了会议，他现在就知道问题的答案了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反)Ifyouwereinbetterhealth,Iwouldhaveletyougowiththem.假如你身体状况好一点的话，我就让你跟他们一起去了。(从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反)(3)含蓄条件句有时为了表达的须要，在虚拟语气中，不出现if条件句，而是以介词短语、并列句、副词、非谓语动词的形式出现，这种句子我们称其为“含蓄条件句”。常见的介词(短语)有without...“没有……”，butfor...“要不是……”；连词有but“但是”，or“不然”；副词有otherwise“否则的话”。Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.假如不是因为下雨，我们旅途会很开心。Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewassobusyatthattime.他本可以给你更多的帮助，但那时他太忙了。[即学即用3]单句语法填空1．Ifithad_snowed(snow)lastnight,itmightbeverycoldtoday.2．IfIhad_taken(take)thetrainyesterday,Ishouldbeathomenow.3．Withoutelectricity,humanlifewould_be(be)quitedifferenttoday.4．Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.5．Hadshebeenherefiveminutesearliershewouldhaveseenheroldfriend.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Comeearlyandyouwill_see(see)her.2．Ifyoudon'tloseheart,youwill_succeed(succeed)．3．Theyaregoing_to_help(help)farmerspickapples.4．Iftheteacherasked(ask)metosolvetheproblemnexttime,Icouldtrymybest.5．Ifyouhad_taken(take)themedicineyesterday,youwouldbewellnow.6．Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn'tgoout.7．Shallwegotothepartytogetherthisaftern