2024秋高中英语单元质量评估四含解析新人教版必修5

PAGE14-单元质量评估(四)时间：100分钟分数：120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题，每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。ANewspapersarenotnearlyaspopulartodayastheywereinthepast.Therearenotverymanypeoplewhoseriouslyreadanewspapereveryday.Mostpeopleonlyreadthesportspages，theadviceorthegossipcolumns，thecomics，andperhapstheclassifiedadvertisements.Mostpeopledon'ttaketimetoreadrealnews.Newspapersattempttocatchthereader'sinterestwithpicturesandexcitingheadlines.Thesetechniquesareusedonthefrontpagebecauseitisthefirstthingyouseewhenyoupickupthepaper.Thefirstpageattractsattentionandencouragesthereadertolookthroughtherestofthepaper.Thisiswhyeditorsalwayslookforagoodfirstpagestoryandaheadlinetomakethemstopandlook.Iftheheadlineishorribleenoughorfrighteningenoughorwildenough，perhapstheywillgoontoreadthefrontpage.However，theymayreadtheheadlines，butthatisall，thentheyturntothesportspage，orcomics，oradvertisements.Itseemsthatpeopledonotwantthenewsfromanewspaperanymore.Theysaytheygetthenewsontelevisionnow.Morepeoplewatchtelevisionnewsbecauseitiseasierandmoreinterestingthanreadinganewspaper.Whataboutyou？Doyoureadnewsfromanewspaper？Doyouthinkitiseasiertogetnewsfromtelevision？Ordoyoucareaboutnewsatall？Wouldyoumindiftherewerenonews?【语篇解读】报纸越来越不能吸引人们的留意力了，本文作者呼吁大家更多地关注报纸。1．Accordingtothepassage，newspapersare________．A．morepopulartodayB．lesspopulartodayC．aspopularasbeforeD．gettingmoreandmorepopular解析：细微环节理解题。关键是理解文章的第一句话，由此可知报纸的地位已不如从前。答案：B2．Accordingtotheauthor，whichofthefollowingnewspaperswillmostprobablyattractthereader'sattention?A．Theoneswithinterestingpicturesandexcitingheadlinesonthefrontpage.B．Theoneswithsportsnewsonthefrontpage.C．Theoneswithclassifiedadsonthefrontpage.D．Theoneswithgossipcolumnsonthefrontpage.解析：推理推断题。由第一段第五句可知，新闻往往用一些图片和令人感爱好的标题来吸引读者留意。答案：A3．Accordingtothepassage，mostpeoplereadallofthefollowingEXCEPT________．A．thesportspage B．comicsC．advertisements D．realnews解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段的第三、四句可以找到答案。答案：D4．Theauthor'sattitudetowardsnewspapersis________．A．sympathetic B．criticalC．negative D．undetermined解析：作者看法题。由文章的第一句话可知，作者对报纸今非昔比的状况有点感慨，作者认为报纸应当受到人们更多的关注。答案：ABManypeoplewritetonewspapersandmagazinestoexpresstheiropinions.Letterstotheeditormustcarrythewriter'sfullname，addressandtelephonenumber，althoughtheinformationisnotnecessaryforpublication.Thisrequirementtoprovidepersonalparticularsisaclearindicationthatwritersareheldresponsibleforwhattheysay.Whenawriterwantshisvoiceheard，heneedstoclaimownershipofhisvoice.Responsibilityisthenameofthegame.“Peopletodaypreferlivingtogethertoputtingtheirsignaturesonamarriagecertificatebecausetheyrefusetoaccepttheresponsibilityfortherelationship，”saidasocialworker，“andthisiswhatiscausingalotoffamilyproblems.”Whenwesignapaper，forexample，abusinesscontractorabankdocument，thesignatureisasealofconsent，anagreementtotakethematterseriously.Mostgovernmentsandmanyorganizationswillnotprocesswrittencomplaintsiftheydonotbearthewriter'ssignature.Theabsenceofasignature，theyexplain，tellsusthatthewritercannotbetooseriousandthereforedoesnotdeserveareply.Therearepeoplewhowishtoremainanonymous(匿名的)forvariousreasons.Multi­billionaireMrKingdonatesgenerouslytocharityseveraltimesayear.Hegivessimplybecausehewantstohelpbutnotforthepublicityhisdonationsmaybring，andhedoesnotwanthisgooddeedstomakenews.Inothercases，peopleinsistonanonymitybecausetheyareafraidoftheconsequencesofrevealingtheiridentity.Crimewitnessesmaybewillingtoassistthepolice，butmostareunwillingtogivetheirnameswhenreportingacrime.Nameornoname？Theanswerisverypersonalandliesinhowmuchwewanttogetinvolved.Weallhaveaname.Itisamatterofresponsibilitytouseitwhenwemakeastatement，aclaimoranaccusation.Weallwanttohonourourownname，anditisonlybystampingourexpressionofanopinionwithourownnamethatwehonourwhatwesay.【语篇解读】在报刊上发表文章要写上自己的名字，这个名字不简洁，它有许多意义，首先你要对你说的话负责，其次你对发表的内容有全部权。但名字在各种场合的签与不签意义不同。5．Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying“Responsibilityisthenameofthegame”？A．Writersneedtoprovidetheirpersonalinformationinthegame.B．Publicationmustbearthewriter'sfullname，addressandphonenumber.C．Writersshouldberesponsiblefortheirnames.D．Namesarerequiredtoindicatewriters'responsibilityforwhattheysay.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段的“Thisrequirementtoprovidepersonalparticularsisaclearindicationthatwritersareheldresponsibleforwhattheysay.”可知，作者对他们说的话要负责，即为D项表述的意思。答案：D6．Somepeopledon'twanttheirnamesknownbecausetheyare________．A．hesitanttomakeadonationB．unwillingtodrawpublicattentionC．afraidofanaccusationD．readyforinvolvement解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段的“Hegivessimplybecausehewantstohelpbutnotforthepublicityhisdonationsmaybring，andhedoesnotwanthisgooddeedstomakenews.”可知，有些人匿名把钱捐给慈善机构，是不想引起公众的关注，这和B项的表述一样。答案：B7．Thepassageismainlyabout________．A．honourandwritersB．identityandsignatureC．signatureandresponsibilityD．anonymityandsignature解析：主旨大意题。整篇文章围绕名字和责任绽开，投稿须要署名，签文件和合同须要签名，名字就意味着责任。答案：CCBadnewssells.Ifitbleeds，itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews，andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored(监控)indifferentways，researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'se­mailsandonlineposts，scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.“The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia，”saysJonahBerger，ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.“Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends，youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”Researchersanalyzingword­of­mouthcommunication—e­mails，Webpostsandreviews，face­to­faceconversations—foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative(消极的)，butthatdidn'tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings？Totestforthatpossibility，DrBergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories：thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes'website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“moste­mailed”listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon­sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes'readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny，orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety，butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused(激发)onewayortheother，andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle，themorelikelyitwastobeshared，asDrBergerexplainsinhisnewbook，Contagious：WhyThingsCatchOn.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在晚间广播或者早报上，不好的新闻有卖点，流血的新闻占头条。但是探讨表明，在电子邮件或者网络新闻中，人们更喜爱有主动意义或者好玩的新闻。8．Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?A．Newsreports. B．Researchpapers.C．Privatee­mails. D．Dailyconversations.解析：细微环节理解题。从第一段中的“Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.”可知，这样的状况出现在新闻报道中。答案：A9．WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?A．They'resociallyinactive.B．They'regoodattellingstories.C．They'reinconsiderateofothers.D．They'recarefulwiththeirwords.解析：推理推断题。依据其次段的“...Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends，youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner，”可知，与挚友共享故事时你更加留意他们的反应，不想让他们觉得你是黛比·唐纳那样的人。因此黛比·唐纳是不考虑他人感受的人。答案：C10．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．SadstoriestravelfarandwideB．OnlinenewsattractsmorepeopleC．ReadinghabitschangewiththeTimesD．Goodnewsbeatsbadonsocialnetworks解析：标题归纳题。全文讲解并描述了好消息在社交网络媒体中传播得更快更深远的现实，这打破了传统媒体中坏消息传播得又快又广的惯例，正面的新闻更简洁被共享。答案：D其次节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MustangsTheimageofhorsesrunningfreeacrosstheplainsisapopularsymboloftheAmericanWest.However，mustangsarenotnativetotheUnitedStates.Theyaredescendants(后代)ofSpanishhorses.11.________BeforetheSpanisharrived，horseshadbeenextinctintheNewWorldforabout12，000years.12．________ThewordcomesfromtheSpanishwordmesteeq\o(n,\s\up6(～))o，meaning“wild”．Mustangsaremedium­sizedhorses.Theymeasurearound56inchesto60inches(140to150centimetres)．Theyweigharound800pounds(360kg)．ThesehorsesescapedfromtheSpanishsoldiers.AndtheywerealsousedbynativepeopletofightagainsttheSpanisharmy.13.________Mostofthemustangsthatrunfreeacrosstheplainstodayareofmixedancestry.Bytheendofthe19thcentury，abouttwomillionmustangsranacrossthecountryside.Farmersbegantocomplain.14.________Themustangpopulationdecreasedasfarmersdrovethehorsesawayfromtheplains.Then，privateconservationeffortstoprotectthemustangsbeganasearlyas1925.By1970，fewerthan17，000mustangswereleft.15.________Now，itisestimatedthatmorethan35，000mustangsarelivingintheUnitedStatestoday.A．TheyprefertoliveinSpain.B．Themustangsweredestroyingtheircrops.C．MustangsarewelcometotheUnitedStates.D．Asaresult，theUnitedStatespassedalawthatprotectedthehorses.E．ThefreehorsesthatliveinthewesternUnitedStatesarecalledmustangs.F．Astimewenton，thehorsesgavebirthtobabyhorsesandwerejoinedbyotherhorses.G．WhenSpanisharmiescametotheNewWorldinthe16thcentury，theybroughthorseswiththem.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了野马。11．解析：依据空处上句“TheyaredescendantsofSpanishhorses”和下一句“BeforetheSpanisharrived，horseshadbeenextinctintheNewWorld”可知，西班牙人将野马带到了西半球。答案：G12．解析：依据下一句中的“ThewordcomesfromtheSpanishwordmesteeq\o(n,\s\up6(～))o”可知，空处在介绍野马名字的由来。答案：E13．解析：依据下一句中的“Mostofthemustangsthatrunfreeacrosstheplainstodayareofmixedancestry”可知，绝大部分野马都不是纯种的。答案：F14．解析：依据上一句中的“Farmersbegantocomplain”可知，空处介绍了农夫埋怨的缘由是野马破坏了他们种的庄稼。答案：B15．解析：依据空处下一句中的“Now，itisestimatedthatmorethan35，000mustangsarelivingintheUnitedStatestoday”可知，在政府的爱护下野马的数量增加了。答案：D其次部分英语学问运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Everyday，thenewsoftheworldreachespeoplebyover300millioncopiesofdailypapers，over400millionradiosets，andover150milliontelevisionsets.Additionalnewsis____16____bymotion(动作)picturesintheatresandcinemasallovertheworld.Asmorepeoplelearnwhattheimportanteventsofthedayare，____17____peoplestillonlycarefortheeventsoftheirownhousehold.NearlyfourhundredyearsagotheEnglishwriterJohnDonnesaid，“Nomanisanisland.”This____18____ismoreappropriate(恰当的)todaythanitwas____19____Donnelived.Inshort，whereverhelives，aman____20____tosomesociety，andwearebecomingmoreandmoreaware(意识到)that____21____happensinoneparticularsocietyaffects，somehow，thelifeofmankind.Newspapershavebeenpublishedinthe____22____worldforaboutfourhundredyears.Mostofthenewspapers____23____todayarereadinEuropeandNorthAmerica.However，____24____theymaybereadinallpartsoftheworld，____25____tothenewinventionsthatarechangingthetechniquesofnewspaper____26____．Electronicsandautomation(自动化)havemadeit____27____toproducepicturesandtextsfarmorequicklythanbefore.Photographiccopyingdoesn't____28____tousetypeandprintingmachines.Andfewerspecialists，____29____typesetters，areneededtoproduceapaperormagazinebythe____30____method.Therefore，thepublishingofnewspapersandmagazinescan____31____moremoney.Besides，photocopiescanbesentovergreat____32____nowbymeansoftelevisionchannelsandsatellitessuchasTelstar.Thus，____33____canbebroughttothepublicmorequicklythanbefore.Machinesthatprepareprintedtextsforphotocopiesarebeingusedagreatdealtoday.Film，____34____lightandsmall，canbesentrapidlytootherplacesandusedtoprintcopiesofthetext____35____theyareneeded.Filmpicturescanalsobeprojectedeasilyonamovieortelevisionscreen.【语篇解读】本文主要讲解并描述了技术发展对报纸的影响。16．A.taken B．shownC．seen D．known解析：依据句意“另外的新闻由……展示”可知选B项。show“显示，展示”。答案：B17．A.fewer B．higherC．lower D．less解析：本句前后部分之间有转折之意，又因为该词修饰people，再由morepeople可知应选fewer。答案：A18．A.study B．argumentC．knowledge D．idea解析：study“学习，探讨”；argument“论点，论据”；knowledge“学问”；idea“思想，观点，想法”。依据前后句意可知，D项最合适。答案：D19．A.that B．whileC．when D．then解析：此句意为“这种观点在今日比在邓恩生活的时期更恰当”，表示“在……生活的时期”用when，不用while。答案：C20．A.moves B．goesC．belongs D．comes解析：moveto“搬到……，移到……”；goto“到……，去……”；belongto“属于”；cometo“共计，达到”。依据句意“……一个人属于某个社会……”可知，应选C项。答案：C21．A.it B．whateverC．something D．anything解析：whatever“无论什么”，作that引导的宾语从句中主语从句的主语。宾语从句的谓语动词是affects，因此happens应是主语从句的谓语动词，而it、something和anything均不能引导从句。答案：B22．Amon B．modernC．ordinary D．usual解析：依据上下文推知，报纸只发行了约400年，故应属于现代(modern)社会。故选B项。答案：B23．A.bought B．printedC．found D．discovered解析：buy“买”；print“印刷，印制”；find“找到”；discover“发觉”。依据句意知应用过去分词printed作定语。答案：B24．A.fast B．suddenlyC．immediately D．soon解析：fast“快速地”，强调动作本身的速度；suddenly“突然地”；immediately“马上”；soon“很快”。结合句意可知，此处指时间“很快”，选D。答案：D25．A.has B．bringsC．thanks D．imagines解析：thanksto“多亏，由于”。其他三个选项均为动词，不能构成状语，本句中不缺少谓语动词。答案：C26．A.delivering B．makingC．selling D．publishing解析：本段在讲报纸的出版、发行，故选D项。答案：D27．A.clear B．possibleC．bright D．successful解析：在“make＋it＋adj.＋todo”结构中，it作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语，makeitpossibleto(do)“使(做)……成为可能”。clear“清晰的”，bright“光明的”，successful“胜利的”，均不符合句意。答案：B28．A.want B．needC．like D．hope解析：影印不须要运用打字机和印刷机，故选need。答案：B29．A.including B．besidesC．suchas D．except解析：此处用来举例，故选suchas(例如)。答案：C30．A.advanced B．easyC．unusual D．suitable解析：advanced“先进的”；easy“简洁的”；unusual“不寻常的”；suitable“合适的”。由句意可知选A项。答案：A31．A.make B．earnC．save D．get解析：运用了先进的技术来出版报纸和杂志能够省更多的钱，故选C项。答案：C32．A.places B．distancesC．cities D．villages解析：greatdistances“很远的距离”，places、cities和villages均表示地点，不符合句意。答案：B33．A.pictures B．booksC．letters D．words解析：从上文推知，通过电视频道和卫星传播的是画面、图片，不是书、信件和话语。答案：A34．A.becoming B．feelingC．turning D．being解析：become“变得”，feel“觉得”，turn“变得”，均不符合文意，故选D项。现在分词短语beinglightandsmall作缘由状语。答案：D35．A.where B．thereC．which D．becauseof解析：where在此引导地点状语从句，there、which和becauseof不能引导地点状语从句。答案：A其次节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Manypiecesofbeautifulpottery(陶器)werediscoveredinLuoyang，HenanProvince，36.________therewereafewtombsoftheTangDynasty，whenarailwaywasintheprocessofbeingconstructedin1899.Thepiecesofpotterywereeitherinyellow，greenandwhitecolours37.________inyellow，greenandbrowncolours.BecausetheywerefoundfromtombsoftheTangDynasty，theywerecalled“Tangtri­colouredglazedpottery”．TheproductionofglassypotteryinChina38.________(date)backtoancienttimes.Colouredglazewasusuallynotapplied39.________theheadofapotteryfigure.Afterthebasewasbaked，afewtouchesofChineseink40.________(paint)torepresenttheeyes，eyebrowsandbeard.Thefacialexpressionandinnerworldofasmallstatuewereportrayed(刻画)most41.________(vivid)．Thereareagreat42.________(various)ofTangtri­colouredglazedpotterypieces.Withuniqueshapes，theyhadtherichflavoroflife，43.________(cover)almosteveryfieldofliferelatedtothedead，frommodelsofarchitecturetoplates，bowlsandfromsmallstatuesoftheheavenlykingswith44.________badtempertothoseofbeautifulnobleladies.Theyshowedthe45.________(colour)sociallifeandthesplendidcultureoftheTangDynasty.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了我国古代的陶器。36．解析：此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导从句。答案：where37．解析：either...or...“或者……或者……”，为固定短语。答案：or38．解析：短语datebackto常用于一般现在时，且主语“TheproductionofglassypotteryinChina”为单数，故用dates。答案：dates39．解析：applyto“适用于”，为固定短语。答案：to40．解析：afewtouchesofChineseink与paint之间为被动关系，且表示发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。答案：werepainted41．解析：修饰谓语动词要用副词形式，故用vividly。答案：vividly42．解析：agreatvarietyof“各种各样的”，为固定短语。答案：variety43．解析：cover与其逻辑主语they之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。答案：covering44．解析：abadtemper“坏脾气”，为固定用法。答案：a45．解析：修饰名词life要用形容词形式，故用colourful。答案：colourful第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)假定你是李华，得知外教MrHall寒假不回国，想邀请他到你家过春节。请给他写一封信，内容包括：(1)时间；(2)一同过节的家人；(3)活动。留意：(1)词数80左右；(2)可以适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：DearMrHall，I'mwritingtoinviteyoutocometomyhometocelebratetheSpringFestivalonJanuary19.It'straditionallyatimeforfamilyreunion，somyparentsandmybrotherwillallbethere.We'llmakedumplingstogetherandhaveabigdinner.We'llalsoplaycardgamesandwatchtheSpringFestivalGalaonTV.Youmayevengetagiftfrommyparents.Ifyou'reabletocome，I'llgoandpickyouupatyourplace.Yourssincerely，LiHua其次节读后续写(满分25分)阅读下面短文，依据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。AvacationwithmymotherIhadaninterestingchildhood.Itwasfilledwithsurprisesandamusements，allbecauseofmymother—loving，sweet，yetabsent­mindedandforgetful．OnestrangefamilytripwetookwhenIwaseleventellsalotabouther.MytwosetsofgrandparentslivedinColoradoandNorthDakota，andmyparentsdecidedtospendafewweeksdrivingtothosestatesandseeingallthesightsalongtheway.Asthefirstdayofourtripapproached，David，myeight­year­oldbrother，andIunwillinglysaidgoodbyetoallofourfriends.Whoknewifwe'deverseethemagain？Finally，themomentofourdeparturearrived，andweloadedsuitcases，books，games，campingequipment，andatentintothecarandbravelydroveoff.Webravelydroveoffagaintwohourslaterafterwe'dreturnedhometogetthepurseandtraveller'schecksmomhadforgotten.DavidandIwerealwaysalittlenervouswhenusinggasstationbathroomsifmomwasdrivingwhiledadslept：“Youstandoutsidethedoorandplaylookout(放哨)whileIgo，andI'llstandoutsidethedoorandplaylookoutwhileyougo.”Ihadterriblepicturesinmymind：“Honey，wherearethekids？”“What？！Oh，Gosh...Ithoughttheywerebeingawfullyquiet.”Wewereneveractuallyleftbehindinastrangecity，butweweren'tabouttotakeanychances.Onthefourthorfifthnight，wehadtroublefindingahotelwithavacancy.Afterdrivinginvainforsometime，momsuddenlygotagreatidea:Whydidn'twefindahousewithalikely­lookingbackyardandaskifwecouldsetuptentthere？DavidandIbecamenervous.Toourgreatrelief，dadturneddowntheidea.Momnevercouldunderstandourobjections