考研英语一真题完整版答案

...wd......wd......wd...2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(an)4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5.Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping--muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar答案：1-5ABDCA6-10ACBDC11-15DABAD16-20BDCCB答案解析：1.[标准答案][A][考点分析]上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析]此题考察连词。根据上下文意思，首先可以排除[B][C][D]。这句话中where引导一个状语语从句，主要是说记不清把钥匙放在哪里了。2.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和动词辨析[选项分析]Asthebrain2werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments这句话的意思是“由于大脑2我们称这些现象为“瞬间性老年痴呆〞，由此可以排除[A]和[C]。[D]collapse意为：使倒塌，使崩溃，不符合题意。fades考察熟词僻意，通常意思为褪色，逝去。还有衰老的意思，这里就考察是衰老的意思。从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，大脑衰老。所以选[B]3.[标准答案][D][考点分析]逻辑衔接题[选项分析][A]if表示假设“如果〞。[B]Unless“除非，如果不〞。[C]Once“一旦〞。[D]While，“虽然，然而〞表转折。这句话的意思是虽然外表上看起来没什么，但是危害很大，前后位转折关系，所以选D。4.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为形容词，[A]表示“不均匀〞，[B]表示“有限的〞，[C]表示“有破坏性的，损坏的〞，[D]表示“模糊的，晦涩的〞。这句话意思是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们带来……的影响。根据上下文的意思，可以排除[A]和[D]。而“有限的影响〞显然缺乏以表达危害的严重性，故可以排除[B]选项。[C]“带来有害的影响〞最符合作者意图。5.[标准答案][A][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析[选项分析]本句话含义是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们的职业、社交还有个人……带来有害的影响。[A]wellbeing“幸福〞。[B]environment“环境〞。[C]relationship“关系〞。[D]outlook“展望〞。and连接假设干名词，这些名词应该为同一类，职业、社交都是和个人相关，排除[B]和[D]，[C]personalrelationship就是social的意思，不能重复，选择[A]，个人幸福。6.[标准答案][A][考点分析]固定搭配[选项分析][A]itturnsoutthat“原来，其实〞。[B]itfindsoutthat“本文发现〞。[C]itpointsoutthat“指出〞。[D]itfiguresoutthat“本文发现〞。It代表神经科学，这句话的意思是越来越多的精神学家们都表示，大脑其实跟肌肉一样需要练习运动。这里给出的是神经科学的结论，因此选择itturnsoutthat7.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]roundabouts迂回路线。[B]responses回应。[C]workouts锻炼，练习。[D]associations协会。[C]workouts锻炼，练习与前文出现的exercise都有“锻炼，练习〞的意思，近义词复现，所以选[C]8.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]genre类型，种类。[B]functions功能。[C]circumstances情况，环境。[D]criterion批评判断的标准、准则。这句话的意思是正确的智力运动能极大地提高我们最基本的认知功能，根据语义，选择[B]functions功能。9.[标准答案][D][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]channel通道，频道。[B]condition条件。[C]sequence顺序，序列。[D]process过程，步骤。根据常识，思考是一个过程，并且通过脑神经相互接触来完成，其他选项表示渠道、序列、条件，均不符合常识。因此正确答案是表示过程的[D]选项。这句话的意思是思考是大脑神经连接必要的过程。10.[标准答案][D][考点分析]上下文语义和动词辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为动词。[A]persist坚持。[B]believe相信。[C]excel超过。[D]feature特色。本句句意，在某种程度来讲，我们在进展神经连接(直接影响人的聪明程度)方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的。excel有超过擅长的意思，表示在某个方面出众，放在此处符合题意，因此正确答案为[B]。11.[标准答案][D][考点分析]逻辑衔接题[选项分析]此题需要的是一个副词，而且位于句首，因此考察的是句关系。通过前后句意义来定答案，前一句强调的是智力是与生俱来的(inherited)，而后一句则认为是可以通过脑力活动(mentaleffort)会有所波动，两句意义明显相反，故正确答案为[D]However。12.[标准答案][A][考点分析]上下文语义和短语辨析[选项分析]此题并不难，可以理解为：智力可以……脑力活动得到提升或出现波动。[B]regardlessof“不管，不顾〞不合逻辑。[C]apartfrom“除……之外〞也不适宜。[D]insteadof“代替〞明显不符。故[A]为正确答案。13.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和固定搭配[选项分析]此题考察的是固定搭配：takeastep……，能搭配只有A和C，分别指“采取进一步措施〞和“让到一边去〞，无论从逻辑上还是从句意上都是A符合。14.[标准答案][A][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]此题考察的是动宾搭配：improveandregainsb’smental……，再根据前文一直在讲假设何提高“智力〞，因此可以排除A(模式)和B(稳定性)，C(灵活性)和D(锋利性，锋利性)容易混淆，C有一定的干扰性，但双比之下，D更契合前文，应选D。15.[标准答案][D][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说这个网络课程可以_____系统地改善你的记忆力和注意力。而且此处需要填入的动词需要与to进展搭配。根据搭配关系直接排除A,B。本文的主题介绍的是使人聪明的脑力锻炼法，感情色彩是中性的，此处的D选项force排除，所以最恰当的是D。16.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和固定搭配[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说这个培训课程还可以_____学习进度，并且给予详尽的信息反响。根据语境，空格缺少的词汇意义为跟踪学习进度，分析四个选项，直接排除Ahold,Corder;辨析B,D两个选项，与D选项的pace搭配的介词应该为with，即，keeppacewith，所以排除，B选项为正确答案，keeptrackof意思为跟踪。17.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和介词[选项分析]此题考察介词，根据空格前后语境，空格所缺少的介词意义为关于你的表现作出详细的反响，四个选项中只有D有关于的意思。18.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说更加重要的是，它会_____调整并升级有关训练游戏。通过前后句的语境，所用词汇均为褒义词，所以，从感情色彩方面可以排除A，B习惯性的主语应该为人，直接排除。B经常的，D异乎寻常的代入，发现C对比符合题意。19.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说它会经常调整并升级有关训练游戏，以促进脑力的不断____。此题所缺少的动词需要与介词on搭配，Aputon穿上，增加;Bcarryon执行;Cbuildon在……根基上增加，构建;Dtakeon呈现;代入空格发现只有C适合，A,B,D都不与空格后面的development相搭配。20.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]此题涉及的是一个含不定式作后定的句子，所缺词汇为形容词修饰exerciseroutine，根据前后情感一致的逻辑，通过后面的不定式中的关键词increase寺和varyyourmuscleuse等信息反推所需词汇为正向词汇，直接排除A和B，D是中性，只有C(有效的)符合逻辑，故为正确答案。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter〞andreduce“dependency,〞GeorgeOsbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch〞scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.〞heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster〞Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms〞toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness〞-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifyingpsychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency-permanentdependencyifyoucangetit-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase‘jobseeker’sallowance’-inventedin1996-isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker〞whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,〞conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto___________.[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.22.Thephrase“tosignon〞(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.23.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel[A]uneasy.[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.Text2Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive〞partlybecauseit[A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses[A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation.Text3TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.What’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels.Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.31.TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’wealth.[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.[C]anexampleofbankers’investment.[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.32.Thecriticsthinkthatthenewawardswillmostbenefit[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.[B]thefoundersofthenewaward.[C]theachievement-basedsystem.[D]peer-review-ledresearch.33.ThediscoveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhichinvolves[A]controversiesovertherecipients’status.[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprizes.[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.34.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheNobels?[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.35.Theauthorbelievedthatthenewawardsare[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.[D]unworthyofpublicattention.Text4“TheHeartoftheMatter,〞thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences(AAAS),deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport'sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAAASaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences.Amongthecommission's51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativegovernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents'abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.Unfortunately,despite2½yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive,"orleft-liberalpropaganda.Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarketsorself-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.TheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.YetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatCongressaskedittoilluminate.36.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport?[A]Critical[B]Appreciative[C]Contemptuous[D]Tolerant37.InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowto[A]retainpeople’sinterestinliberaleducation.[B]definethegovernment’sroleineducation.[C]keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation.[D]safeguardindividualsrightstoeducation.38.AccordingtoParagraph3,thereportsuggests[A]anexclusivestudyofAmericanhistory.[B]agreateremphasisontheoreticalsubjects.[C]theapplicationofemergingtechnologies.[D]fundingforthestudyofforeignlanguages.39.TheauthorimpliesinParagraph5thatprofessorsare[A]supportiveoffreemarkets.[B]cautiousaboutintellectualinvestigation.[C]conservativeaboutpublicpolicy.[D]biasedagainstclassicalliberalideas.40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]WaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheMatter〞[B]IlliberalEducationand“TheHeartoftheMatter〞[C]TheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberalEducation[D]ProgressivePolicyvs.LiberalEducation答案21-25BCAAB26-30DCBAC31-35ABDAA36-40ABCBB21.B细节题。本道题的关键是intendedto问的是目的，所以我们也应该去寻找表达目的性的词汇，所以在首段首句看到了inorderto,则后面的内容即为此题答案，结合后面找工作的内容则选择B选项。22.C词义句意题。先根据题干定位到第二段第三行，tosignon前面有一个很明显的not，则我们可以推知，这一定是前面的反义，我们只要读懂前面半局部就可以了，前面说应该spendlookingforwork，正好和A选项相符，所以我们只要选择一个相反的选项即可，则选择C选项。23.A细节题。本道题的关键是题目中的prompted和chancellor，根据chancellor能定位到二段第五行，再向下寻找则可发现motivate和prompt是对应的，所以看本句即可发现和A选项是对应的。24.A细节题。本道题根据unemployed回到文中定位在第三段的最后一句，没有感觉相关内容，所以需要向前找答案，再根据本段第一句话中的losingajob即可判定答案在第二句，因此选择A选项。另我们会发现BCD三个选项趋于强烈和负面，所以，我们选择A选项。25.B细节题。此题题根据选项定位。A选项根据大写字母TheBritishwelfaresystem定位到最后一段的第三句，原文是“nolonger〞，选项与原文反向干扰。B选项根据Osborne’sreforms定位到第一段第二句，可以得出该工程可减少失业不安全，所以B为正确答案。C选项根据题干“thejobseekers’allowance〞定位到最后一段倒数第二句，该句提到“nofundamentalright〞，恰与C选项表意相反，所以C是反向干扰。D选项根据题干“conditional〞定位到最后一段最后一句，其中只提到“conditionalonactivelyseekingajob…〞，并没有要说以后应该假设何，所以属于无中生有。26.D该题是因果细节题，考察细节。首先，根据段落定位原则模糊定位，定位到前几段。其次，再准确定位，题干中有关键词“students〞“law〞“profession〞，回到原文寻找相关信息。第一段未发现相关信息，然后到第二段看到“Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.〞与题干有重合之处，选项D是该句的同义替换。A、B、C三个选项根据原文个别词汇“clients〞“inflation〞“big-firm〞等进展干扰。注意，第一段的But是个假转折词，并非答案处。27.C该题是细节题，考察细节。首先根据段落定位原则定位到第三段。其次，根据题干关键词“thecostsoflegaleducation〞准确定位到第三段第二句话“Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.〞问题是“whichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducation〞，因此定位句的下一句就是答案，即“ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsaccreditedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.〞分析选项可知，选项C恰当概况了该句子的涵义。A选项利用三段末尾的“Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.〞进展干扰。B选项无中生有。D选项根据四段最后一句出现的“training〞个别词汇进展干扰。28.B该题是原因细节题，问来源。首先段落定位原则定位到第四段。其次，根据题干关键词“thereformofthelegalsystem〞定位到第二句“Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.〞选项B即为该句的同义替换。29.A该题为因果细节题，问原因。根据段落定位原则定位至倒数第二段。其次，题干中出现“theguild-likeownershipstructure〞，准确定位到第二句“ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.〞此外，在该段最后一句提到“…keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.〞从而可以得出答案选A。30.C该题为文章主旨题，考察文章中心。该篇文章属于问题解决型文章，前5段均在说美国法律职业存在的问题，最后一段提出了解决措施“allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.〞。因此，该篇属于问题解决型文章，选C。其他几个选项均为文中的个别细节，以偏概全。31.A为细节题。根据题干中的FundamentalPhysicsPrize可以定位到第一段，但除此之外就没有其他细节提示信息了，所以我们只能根据几个选项去定位，分别根据选项中的entrepreneurs、NobelPrize、investment、reward去定位，在第一段末句找到了与A选项相一致的句子，则判定A选项正确。32.B为细节题。根据题干中的critics定位到第三段，可知第二段没有出题，从第三段第二句可以得出本道题的正确选项，whohavemadetheircareersinresearch即为B选项中的Thefounders。33.D为细节题。本道题如果从题干中看更像是例证题，但题目中说道thecaseinvolves即问例子本身，所以为一道细节题。我们在第四段倒数第三句中找到了Higgsboson，定位到本句可以得知natureofmodernresearch---aswellasdemonstratedby……即为本道题正确答案。34.A为判断题。此类题型是考试中的一个难点，在题干中提示信息非常少，所以我们需要根据每个选项分别定位。A选项的durance定位到本段最后一句time。B选项根据legitimacy定位到第一句。C选项没有提到。D选项从最后一段可以验证确实是收到了质疑，B选项和原文不符，可以得知答案为A。35.A为主旨题。此题属于作者观点，出在最后一段则说明更多表达了文章的主旨，因为还有一个段落对应，则我们可以在最后一段找答案，根据题干中的award我们可以得知全文的最后一句明确表达了作者的观点，应选A。36.A该题是细节态度题。并非考察全文的态度，也就是说要细节定位。根据题干定位原则，定位第一段AAAS出现之处，并且一定要找到表示评价的局部。该题迷惑性很强，因为文章在AAAS后面就又〞praise〞所以容易误导大家选择答案B“appreciative(欣赏的)〞，但是我们应该看到有however，我们知道如果第一段出现转折，那此转折一定跟主旨有关。同时各个题都与主旨相关，所以这道题应该于主旨相关，后文中的“maycausemoreharmthangood.〞让我们知道它的还多余利，所以答案选择A，批判性的。37.C细节题。根据自然段定位原则，36题在第一段出题，38题在第三段出题，那37题在第二段出题的可能性就很大。同时题干定位〞InfluentialfiguresintheCongress〞与“leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicans〞同义替换。定位的答案是askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateand…..,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“Inhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“也就是说答案重点在maintainnationalexcellence刚好与选项C中的leadingposition进展同义替换。ABD与文章不符合。38.C推理题。Suggest是推理题的标志。先化选项关键词，发现选项A是讲Americanhistory选项B;是讲theoreticalsubjects;选项C]emergingtechnologies;选项Dfundingforeignlanguages。返回原文定位的时候，A选项中的“exclusive排外〞并没有在“stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;〞这句话中表达。B选项中的理论学科没有定位点。D选项与原文“increasedfundingforteachers〞以及“greaterstudyofforeignlanguages,〞不符。属于张冠李戴。“encouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.〞与选项C同义替换。39.B属于推理题。Implies是推理题的标志。同时根据提题干定位第五段，找professor.“professorsroutinel