中华门城堡英文导游词

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zhongHuacityGatecastle

nowwearearrivingatzhongHuacityGatecastle,itisashighasa5-storeyedbuilding,veryimpressivetothevisitorstonanjing.andi’dliketomakeanintroductionoftheancientcitywallfirst.

city,symbolizingthehumansocietydevelopingtowardcivilization.itisnotonlythebasicbarrio（区域）ofchinesepeople’slivingspace,hissense,nanjingcitywallbuilt600yearsagoandbasicallypreservedwelltilltoday,isworld-classhumanculturalheritage.

Thebuildingofthewallbeganin1366,orderedbyzhuyuanzhang,whoadoptedthesuggestionof“buildingthehighwall“byoneofhiswisestaff(zhusheng).andtheprojecttaketotally20years.andmorethan200,000peopleof125countiesfrom5provinceinsouthernchina(jiangsu,anhui,jiangxi,hubei,hunan)wereemployedontheproject.

nanjingcitywallwasthelongestcitywallintheworldandthecityenclosedbyitremainedtheworld’slargestuntil17thcentury.itboasted33.676kmincircumference（周长）andthepreservationis23.743kmlong.Theheightisfrom14-26metersandthebaseofthewallis14meterswideandthetopofthewallis4-9meterswide.

Greatpartofthewallbaseismadeofgraniteorrectangularslabsoflime-stone,andbothsidesofthewallarelaidwithhugebricks.Eachbrickis45cmlong,20cmwideand10cmthickwithaweightof15kg.Thebrickswerecementedinwithamortar(灰泥)oflime,tongoil,glutinousricegruel.manypartsofthewallarestillingoodcondition,itisagooddemonstrationofit’ssolidity.allthebricksweremadeinthe5provincesimentionedbefore.Forthequalitycontrol,everybrickwasengravedwiththename,originoftheartisanandsupervisoraswellasthedateofmakingit.

Thecityhad13gatesinthemingdynasty,suchasSanshangate,jubaogate,tongjigate,taipinggateandsoon.amongallthegates,Sanshan,jubaoandtongjigatescovering3wengchengbecauseoftheirstrategeticimportance.andHanzhonggatecovering2wengcheng,andHongwu,Qingliang,Shengcecoveringonly1wengcheng.amongthem,Jubaogateisthelargestandmostspecialone,whichchangeditsnameintopresentzhonghuagatein1931,whenzhonghuaRoadwasconstructed.

ThegatewasformerlycalledtheTreasureBowlGate,heearlymingdynasty,whenEmperorzhuyuanzhangstartedtobuildacitywallaroundnanjing,everythingwasdone.Butthisgatewasfailedtobebuiltaftermanyattempts.Fromhisprimeminister,theemperorheardofapoorfishermannamedshenwanshan,whogotatreasurebowlandbecameveryrich.Thecourtdispactedpeopletocheathimoutofthetreasurebowlandburieditintothegroundasfoundationofthegate.Thegatewasfinallybuiltup.Fromthetime,thegatewasgiventhenamejubaoinchinesewhichmeanstreasurebowl.infact,intherealhistory,ShenwanshanwastherichestoneinthesouthernchinainthelateYuandynasty,hedonated1/3ofthewholeexpensestobuildthecitywall.Buthiswealthymadezhuyuanzhangangry,andbedriventoadistantandpoorplacebythecruelemperor.

coveringanareaof15,168squaremeters,20metershigh,thegatehas4entranceswith4doors,theopenspacebetweenthemwascalled“wengcheng“.wengisajarliketrappingstructureinancienttimes.Thegatecomplexwasusedasthedefenseworksofthecity,covering3wengcheng.Behindthefirstconventionaldoublepanelwoodendoor,thereare3other23---thickverticallyslidingstonedoors.theheavystonedoorareliftedanddroppedwiththehelpofamechanicalwinch(绞盘).ifenemytroopsbrokethroughthefirstwoodendoor,theycouldbeseparatedandtrappedinsidebythedroppingoftheother3stonedoors.Thisstrategyisknowninchinaas“beatingdogsbehindabolteddoor”.andwecanalsofindtherationalandexquisitedesigndrainagesystemhere.

Thefirstentranceisinathree-tierbuildinginwhich27tunnelsarebuilt.Thesetunnelsarespaciousenoughtoquarter.morethan3000soldiersandstorelargequantitiesoffoodandammunitions.Thesearewidehorseramponbothsides.atthetop,thereusedtobearostrumallowingacommandingview.Unfortunately,therostrumtogetherwithotherpartsofthewallwasdestroyedbytheJapaneseinvadersintheanti-Japanesewar.

differentfromthesquare-shapedcitywallsofmostancientchinesecities,thewallofnanjingfollowedthenaturaltopography(地形学)andformedanirregularshape.Bythisconstruction,naturalbarriers,suchasmountains,rivers,andlakeswereallemployedtostrengththefortificationofthecity.Thecitywallhas24gates,amongwhichonly13gatesweretheoriginalonesfrommingtimeandtherestwerebuiltoraddedfortrafficpurposelateron.

nowadays,21.35kmcitywallsurvivesandisamongthepreservationlistofmonumentsandhistoricalsitesapprovedbytheStatecouncil.Thenanjingmunicipalgovernmentplanstohavepartofthecitywallrepairedandsomeofthecitygatesrenovated.

篇二：中华门城堡导游词

中华门城堡

各位朋友大家好，现在我们来到了“世界之最”的古城堡——中华门。南京明代城墙距今已有600多年的历史，它全长33.676公里，比29.5公里的巴黎城墙还长4公里，是世界上最大的都城墙。而中华门则是明代城墙十三座内城门中最大最雄伟又保存最好的一座。明太祖朱元璋攻占元朝统治下的集庆后改名应天府，以南京为都。采纳皖南池州学者朱“高筑墙，广积粮，缓称王”的九字建议，构筑坚不可摧的强大防御工事，以争霸天下，为保卫大明王朝江山大修城墙。南京城的建造设计不拘泥于方位对称，距离对等的正方形传统古制，而是负山绕水，因地制宜，从实战要求出发，开辟了十三座城门。其中聚宝门最大最雄伟。因正对聚宝山而得名。1931年更名为中华门，城门上的“中华门”三个楷书大字还是蒋介石手书呢。

为修造举世无双的都城墙，朱元璋争掉了一部三卫五省28府152个县的百万余众民工，用了3.5亿块城砖，工程土方达700万平方米，耗费六百万两黄金，花了二十多年时间，直到1386年才合龙，1393年才全部竣工。作为全国政治经济文化中心的大明都城，由宫城，皇城，京城，外廓四重城墙组成。明代是在南宋建康府和南唐故都城基础上扩建南京城的。城墙高度一般在14至21米之间，城基宽19至20米之间，顶部宽7至14米不等，建有200座屯兵的窝棚和13616个雉堞，是作战时的掩护物。根据防御的需要，依据不同地段的地形条件采取不同的结构，应用不同的建筑材料。砌砖石所用的砂浆是用石灰，糯米浆，高粱浆，桐油和一种蓼草灰拌合的“夹浆”,(:中华门城堡英文导游词)所以砌好的城墙坚不可摧，固若金汤。由于城墙内外壁均向内倾斜，类似金字塔状，底部大于顶部约一倍，故墙体永不倒塌。且南京多雨又有洪水威胁，所以采取了不少排水措施。至于造城墙所需的巨额费用，大部分摊派给江南富户，如江南大户沈万三就承担不少。

中华门坐北朝南，北偏西9度。前接长干桥，以120米宽的外秦淮和为护城河；后连镇淮桥一宽28米的内秦淮和为内堑。城堡的平面呈“目”子长方形，由一道城门，三道瓮城27个藏兵洞，两条登城的礓察和一条坡道组成。整个城门东西长128米，南北深129米，占地16512平方米，朝南的第一道城门第三层原为高大壮观的木结构镝楼，歇山顶，三重檐，红柱翘。可惜由于历经战火和风雨的剥蚀，城楼已毁。

每道拱式门洞除了置有双扇铁皮包裹的木质大门外，洞内都设有可上下启动的千斤闸。闸虽无存，但门闸石槽仍保存完好。第一道城门中层正中间的藏兵洞的洞底，还保存着一对千斤闸绞关石柱。当敌人攻入瓮城，城门里的千斤闸就会迅速降落，切断敌人的退路，将敌兵困在瓮城之中，然后藏兵洞中伏兵四出，或万箭齐放，或擂石滚木齐下，歼敌于封死的瓮中，恰如“关门打狗”“瓮中捉鳖”。马道又称礓察，共展示运送军用物资，将城砖立起来砌，主要为了防滑。

跨入第一道城墙，门洞两侧各排列着三个较小的藏兵洞，城门上楼基中则有7个较大的藏兵洞坐南朝北一字排开。东西礓察下，还各筑有7个小藏兵洞，总共能藏兵三千人，可供士兵休息和存放军用物资。

大门同种还展出了数十种城砖，是当时152个县烧制的3.5亿块城砖中的代表，陈列的每块砖侧面都印有时间和制砖的州，府，县烧窑工匠和监造官员的姓名，一是负责到人。砖的规格长度一般为40至50厘米，宽20至22厘米，厚10至15厘米，重15至25公斤，大都是沿大运河和长江运抵南京的，砖上的书法篆刻技法娴熟，沉雄浑厚，件件都是艺术品，给人以美的享受。

从北面的闸楼上往下看，就是内秦淮河，正对城门的桥觉镇淮桥，著名的朱雀桥故址也在附近。站在城墙上向南望去，是跨越外秦淮河的长干桥，“郎骑竹马来，绕床弄青梅。同居长干里，两小无嫌猜。”著名诗人李白的《长干行》就源出这里。

中华门城墙上留下的累累弹痕，多少次正义与邪恶在这里较量，洪秀全率太平天国农民起义军和清军的一次次激战；辛亥革命江浙联军司令徐绍桢指挥部队与张勋的清军殊死搏斗；最惊心动魄，可歌可泣的是抗日战争中的南京保卫战，唐生智率领守军四十八师顶住了日军三十多次冲锋，六千多名官兵壮烈牺牲，谱写了中华民族的正气歌。

南京十三座城门分布流传着这么首民歌：“三山聚宝临通济，洪武朝阳镇太平，神策进串定中阜，仪凤清凉到石城”。现存的明代城门有聚宝门，神策门，清凉门，石城门，和重修的朝阳门。南京城门除了“内十三”之外，还有外城门十八座，是南京的由一道屏障，这些外城早已被毁，只留下地名。将现存的23.743公里明城墙分割成七个自然保护段串联起来，建成后的明城墙风光带将设置一级景区5个，二级景区7个，形成融山水城林为一体的古都风貌。

篇三：中华门城堡-英文简介

zhonghuaGate

zhonghuaGateisthesouthgateofnanjingcity,JiangsuProvince.asapreciousculturalrelic,zhonghuaGatehasthedoubledistinctionofbeingthebiggestcastle-stylecitygateinchinaandthemostcomplicatedcastleintheworld.itisthecastle’smagnificentscale,delicatestructureandthegreatskillwithwhichitwasbuiltthatbequeathitanimportantplaceinchina’smilitaryandarchitecturaltraditions.

Thebuildingofnanjing’simposingcitywallsbeganin1366,orderedbyzhuYuanzhangwhoadoptedthesuggestionof“buildingthehighwas”byhisminister,namedzhuSheng,andfoundedthemingdynastytwoyearslaterin1368.EmperorzhuYuanzhangthenmadenanjingasthecapitalofthemingdynastyandhadthewallprojectexpandedtodefenditfromattack.whencompletedin1386,thewallwasthelongestinchina,33,676kilometersincircumference,andh