专题04形容词和副词-(练习版)

考查点全国新高考卷全国卷命题分析202220212020202220212020词性转换和词形变化I卷，60题II卷60题卷I，60题卷I，63题卷I，36题【名→形】卷II，37题【名→形】甲卷，66题乙卷，61题乙卷，68题甲卷，70题卷I，62题卷II，66题卷II，69题卷III，68题词性转换是语法填空的考查重点。形容词和副词的比较等级仍是考查重点，但不仅仅考查其结构，还考查考生在具体语境中对比较含义的体会。考生应掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方式。比较等级浙江高考65题浙江高考59题乙卷，64题甲卷，68题卷III，62题【形容词最高级】考点1、形容词的基本用法分考点1.形容词的句法作用形容词在句中一般作定语,也可作表语、补足语、状语等Point1用于修饰名词,作定语。●Insteadofblamingthechildwhohadbrokenthevase,shegavehimatolerantsmileandlethimgo.她没责备打碎花瓶的小孩,而是露出了宽容的笑容并让他走了。Point2跟在连系动词be,feel,sound,get,become,prove,,grow,stay等后作表语。●Shesoundedmoreconfidentthanshefelt.她的语气听起来比她本人感觉更有信心。Point3形容词可以作主语补足语和宾语补足语主语补足语说明主语的性质、状态或特；宾语补足语说明宾语的性质、状态或特征。●Ithasn'tbeenmadeclearwhethertheywillappearontime.他们能否按时出现还不清楚。●MygoodperformanceinthejobinterviewleftmeoptimisticaboutmyfutureandaboutwhatIcandohere我在面试中的良好表现让我对自己的未来以及在这里能做的事情感到乐观。Point4形容词(短语)作状语表示伴随或结果,通常用来说明主语的情况,表示主语的状态、性质、特征等,但并不表示动作的方式。●Light-heartedandoptimistic,sheisthesortofwomantospreadsunshinetopeoplethroughhersmile.无忧无虑且乐观的她,是那种通过微笑把欢乐传递给他人的女士。●Bigorsmall,allcountriesareequal.不管大小,所有的国家都是平等的。分考点2形容词的位置Point1形容词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前,作前置定语;形容词短语作定语一般后置。●Evenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendly.即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好。●Isn'titaproblemdifficulttosolve?难道这不是一个很难解决的问题吗?Point2一些以a-为前缀的表语形容词修饰名词时,常置于被修饰词的后面,例如:alive活着的alike相像的awake醒着的alone单独的asleep睡着的●Moneyalonecannotcreatefortune.金钱本身不能创造财富。●Thebabyasleepmightbeawakeverysoon.睡着的那个婴儿可能很快就会醒。Point3形容词修饰somebody,something.anybody,anything,,nobody,nothing等不定代词时，常置于其后。●Isthereanythingwrongwithyourcar?你的汽车出什么毛病了吗?●Thereisnobodyabsenttoday.今天没有人缺席。分考点3由及物动词的现在分词或过去分词转化成的形容词Point分词作表语或定语时，现在分词多表示主语或被修饰词所具有的特征，基本含义是“令人…的”；过去分词多表示主语或被修饰词所处的状态，基本含义是“感到……的”。常见的该类形容词有exciting令人兴奋的excited兴奋的boring乏味的;令人厌烦的bored厌烦的interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的disappointing令人失望的disappointed失望的;沮丧的surprising令人吃惊的surprised惊讶的relaxing令人放松的relaxed放松的amazing令人惊奇的amazed惊奇的worrying令人担忧的worried担心的;担忧的frightening令人害怕的frightened受惊的exhausting令人筋疲力尽的exhausted筋疲力尽的pleasing令人高兴的pleased高兴的satisfying令人满意的satisfied满意的tiring使人疲劳的tired疲劳的embarrassing令人尴尬的embarrassed尴尬的●Heachievedanamazingsuccess.他取得了惊人的成功。●IwasamazedatherknowledgeofFrenchliterature.她的法国文学知识之丰富使我大为惊奇。●Asurprisingexpressiononherfaceindicatedthatshewasreallysurprised.她脸上惊讶的表情表明她真的很吃惊。考点2、副词的基本用法分考点1副词的句法作用副词在句中主要作状语，也可作表语、定语、补足语等。Point1作状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和全句。●Theaimofeducationistoteachyoungpeopletothinkforthemselvesandnotfollowothersblindly.教育的目的是要教会年轻人独立思考,不要盲目地听从别人。Point2作表语，主要表示主语的方位、方向、动作、状态等。●Peoplearegratefulbecausetheirfoodisgatheredforthewinterandtheagriculturalworkisover.人们都心怀感激，因为他们过冬的粮食收集起来了，农活结束了。Point3作定语，主要为表示时间或地点的副词，如here,there,in,out,up,down,below,above,upstairs,indoors等,这些副词作定语时应后置。●Mywayoutcouldn'tbefound,soIhadtostaytherealldaylong.找不到出去的路,所以我不得不一整天都待在那里。Point4作补足语，说明宾语或主语所处的位置、状态等，可作宾语补足语和主语补足语●Theboywasseenupstairsstairs.这个男孩被看到在楼上。●CuriositydroveWangPenginside好奇心驱使王鹏走了进去。分考点2副词的位置Point1程度副词和频度副词修饰动词时，一般放在被修饰的动词之前。如果实义动词前有情态动词、助动词或be动词，则放在实义动词之前，情态动词、助动词或be动词之后；修饰形容词、副词时，位于被修饰词之前。●Theyseldomtakeexerciseinthemorning..他们很少在早晨锻炼。●However,theycanhardlyblameme;itislargelytheirownfault.然而，他们不能责备我;这件事主要是他们自己的过错。Point2方式副词一般放在动词后。常见的方式副词有:fast快地quickly快地quietly安静地beautifully美丽地slowly'慢地well很好地;令人满意地carefully仔细地angrily生气地Pleasecouldyouspeakmoreslowly??请您说慢一不好?Point3连接性副词和修饰整个句子作评论性状语的副词,通常位于句首。●Thankfully,Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.谢天谢地,我成功通过了比赛,所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。Point4时间副词和地点副词同时出现时，时间副词常置于地点副词之后。●ImetTomhereyesterday.我昨天在这儿遇到了汤姆。Point5enough既可以作限定词又可以作副词；作限定词时，通常置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于其后；作副词时，通常置于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。●Ijustdon'thaveenoughtime/timeenough.我只是时间不够充足。●Theroomislargeenoughtotakeanotherbed.这个房间够大，还能再放一张床。分考点3形近副词的含义英语中,有些副词形式相近,常见的有:late迟;晚lately最近;近来hard努力地;艰难地hardly几乎不near在附近nearly几乎;差不多free免费地freely自由地;畅通地close紧密地closely严密地;接近地high在高处;高highly很；非常;高度地wide广阔地;充分地widely广泛地;普遍地deep深深地;在深处deeply深刻地;深沉地●Icouldn'tconvincehimnomatterhowhardItried不管我怎么努力，都说服不了他●Thechildrenweresoexcitedthattheycouldhardlyspeak孩子们兴奋得几乎连话都说不出来了。分考点4常用的连接性副词在句中，常用逗号将连接性副词与句子其他成分隔开。though一般用于句末,意为“然而,可是”，表示转折。meanwhile意为“与此同时；在此期间”，表示两个动作同时发生。therefore//thus/consequently意为“因此,所以”，表示结果。moreover//furthermore//additionally意为“此外”，表承接关系。besides意为“除此之外，而且”，表示递进关系。however意为“然而”，表示让步、转折。instead意为“相反”，表示相反的情况。anyway//anyhow意为“尽管如此;至少”，表示让步。考点3、形容词和副词的比较等级分考点1形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则Point1规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，tall----taller----tallest，long----longer-----longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，nice-----nicer------nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，heavy-----heavier-----heaviest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，big-bigger-biggest注:大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat）部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，beautiful----morebeautiful-----mostbeautiful注:表示否定意义在其前加less/leastimportant----lessimportant----leastimportant●EnglishismoreinterestingthanChinese=ChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish.6.由“形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加more/mostslowly---moreslowly----mostslowly；但early—earlier---earliest【特别注意】(1)有少数几个双音节形容词和以-ow，er结尾的词,既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些词是:common，handsome，pleasant，stupid,，clever,，simple(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right(正确的),wrong(错误的),excellent(优秀的),possible(可能的),empty(空的),favorite((最喜爱的)等。Point2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold/elderold/eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther(距离)/further（程度）farthest/furthest分考点2形容词和副词的比较级等级的用法Point1原级的用法1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，tooHeistootiredtowalkon.2.原级常用的句型结构（1）A=B-----A+as+adj/adv的原级+as+B表示“A和B一样”TomisasoldasKate.（2）A＜B---A+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B表示“A不如B…”Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.Point2比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词.much，alot，far，…的多alittle，abit，…一点儿even甚至，still仍然rather等来修饰。2.比较级常用的句型结构“甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”TomistallerthanKate.3.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。Heisgettingtallerandtaller.4.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyou’llmake.5.“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。(ofthetwins/parents…)Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.Point3最高级的用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构为“the+最高级(+名词)+表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“…中最…的(…)”。●Thedoghasafunny,shorttailandcertainlythefunniestfaceofthedogsintheworld.这只狗有一条短而滑稽的尾巴,它的脸肯定是世上最滑稽的狗脸了。●Orangetreesandbambooplantsaresomeofthemostpopulardecorationsinmanypartsofthecountry.橘子树和竹类植物是全国很多地方最受欢迎的一些装饰品“oneofthe+最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最…的……之一”。●Theeventcelebratesits22ndanniversarywithagreatshowoftheverybestofgardening,makingitoneofthemostpopulareventsingardening.这项活动通过展示无与伦比的园艺来庆祝它的22周年纪念日,这也使这项活动成为园艺届最受欢迎的活动之一。(3)用比较级表示最高级含义。①“否定词语+比较级”表示最高级含义。●Mr.Blackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeenmorepopular.布莱克先生非常高兴，因为在他厂里生产的衣服从未如此受欢迎。②比较级形式表示最高级含义。anyother+可数名词单数比较级+than+all(the)other++可数名词复数anything/anyoneelse●Juliaistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.=Juliaistallerthanalltheothergirlsinherclass.=Juliaisthetallestgirlinherclass.朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(4)最高级可以用序数词及byfar，nearly，almost，much，byno，means等修饰。●ThisisbyfarthemostinspiringmoviethatIhaveeverseen.这是目前为止我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。●Herunsalmostthefastestinhisclass.他几乎是全班跑得最快的。分考点3倍数的表达1、A+谓语+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+B●Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.总的来说,泛滥成灾的电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。2、A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B●Thisrestaurantwasn'thalfasgoodasthatotherrestaurantwewentto.这家饭店还不如我们以前去过的那家饭店的一半好。3、A+谓语+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height,weight,width等)+of+B●Whenyoustudythelocalmap,you'llfindthistownistwicethesizeofthatone.当你研究当地的地图时,你会发现这座城镇是那座(城镇)的两倍大。4、A+谓语+倍数+that+of+B=A+谓语+倍数+what从句Theoutputofthisyearisthreetimesthatof2012.=Theoutputofthisyearisthreetimeswhatitwasin2012?今年的产量是2012年的三倍。考点4、形容词和副词的词性转换分考点1名词变形容词的后缀1.+y结尾的形容词anger→angry生气的hunger→hungry饿的fog→foggy有雾的fur→furry毛皮的guilt→guilty内疚的health→healthy健康的2.名词+edbalance→balanced平衡的spot→spotted有斑点的gift→gifted有天赋的talent→talented有天赋的crowd→crowded拥挤的3．名词+ful/lessmeaning→meaningful有意义的care→careful/careless小心的；粗心的colour→colourful五彩缤纷的;pain→painful痛苦的beauty→beautiful美丽的wonder→wonderful极好的fear→fearless不怕的4．名词+ablechange→changeable易变的comfort→comfortable舒适的knowledge→knowledgeable博学的suit→suitable合适的5.名词+ouscourage→courageous勇敢的danger→dangerous危险的mystery→mysterious神秘的fame→famous著名的poison→poisonous有毒的humor→humorous幽默地6.ce变成t结尾的形容词innocence→innocent无辜的evidence→evident显然的silence→silent沉默的patience→patient有耐心的7.+al结尾的形容词addition→additional附加的额外的class→classical经典的medicine→medical医学的music→musicalgrammar→grammatical语法的globe→global全球的agriculture→agricultural农业的culture→cultural文化的8．+ly结尾的形容词friend→friendlylive（生活居住）→lively生气勃勃的love→lovely可爱的day→daily每日的month→monthly每月的9.+en结尾的形容词wood→wooden木制的wool→woolen羊毛的gold→golden金子般的10.学科名词以及其它一些名词加cal变成形容词。chemistry→chemical化学的physics→physical身体的politics→political政治的ecology→ecological生态的11.ance变成ant结尾的形容词importance→importantsignificance→significant有意义的ignorance→ignorant无知的tolerance→tolerant容忍的12.+cial结尾的形容词。race→racial种族的face→facial面部的commerce→commercial商业的finance→financial金融的benefit→beneficial除外13.其他energy→energetic精力充沛的strategy→strategic战略的self→selfish自私的drought→drywisdom→wise明智的freedom→free空的免费的height→high高的love→loving慈爱的death→dead死的pleasure→pleasant/pleased高兴的popularity→popular流行的pride→proud骄傲的scientist→scientific科学的freedom→free自由的world→worldwide全世界的分考点2动词变形容词的后缀1.词尾加fuluse→useful有用的care→careful小心的help→helpful有帮助的thank→thankful感激的peace→peaceful和平的forget→forgetful健忘的2.词尾加d或ed:please→pleased高兴的unite→united联合的excite→excited激动的surprise→surprised惊讶的organize→organized有组织的close→closed封闭的3.词尾加ing:interest→interesting有趣的surprise→surprising令人惊讶excite→exciting令人兴奋的develop→developing发展中的4.词尾变y为i,加ed:worry→worried担忧的marry→married已婚的fry→fried油煎的terrify→terrified恐惧的5.词尾加able:know→knowledgeable博学的adjust→adjustable可调整的accept→acceptable可接受的respect→respectable体面的6.其它：lose→lost迷失的fool→foolish愚蠢的live→lively/alive/living活着的wake→awake醒着的taste→tasty美味的speak→spoken口语的break→broken破损的die→dead死的educate→educational教育的分考点3形容词变副词的后缀1．形容词+lybad→badly拙劣地，非常bright→brightly明亮地casual→casually随意地clear→clearly清楚地correct→correctly正确地2.辅音字母+y变ilyeasy→easily容易地heavy→heavily很大程度上happy→happily高兴地angry→angrily生气地注意：dry→dryly枯燥地shy→shyly害羞地3.以e结尾的多数情况下直接+lyfortunate→fortunately幸运地complete→completely完全地immediate→immediate立即extreme→extremely十分地absolute→absolutely绝对地strange→strangely异常地4.以le结尾的去e+ycomfortable→comfortably舒服地possible→possibly可能considerable→considerably相当多地responsible→responsibly负责地incredible→incredibly难以置信地注意：whole→wholly完全地5.词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉-e再加-lytrue→truly真诚地，真正due→duly适当地6.以ic结尾的词加allyeconomic→economically经济地basic→basically基本上scientific→scientifically按科学方法automatic→automatically自动地energetic→energetically精力充沛地specific→specifically明确地;具体地注意：public→publicly当众地7.词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-yfull→fully完全地dull→dully迟钝地shrill→shrilly尖声地8.特殊good→well好地hard→hardly几乎不1、（2022年全国高考乙卷）2AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe___64___(large)tea-producingcountry,2、（2022年全国高考甲卷）Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore___66___(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.3、（2022年全国新高考I卷）and___63___(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.（2022年全国新高考II卷）Whenhelookeddown,he___60___(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.5、（2021年新高考八省联考）Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch59．（small）thanitistoday.Mary'sniecewrote.6、（2021年全国高考甲卷）wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat65．(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!7、（2021年全国高考乙卷）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome61．(educate)abouttheareas-bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics.8、（2021年全国高考乙卷）·Provide68．(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.9、（2021年新高考I卷）Itwill58．(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!10、（2021年新高考I卷）Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the59．(hot)thespring!11、（2021年新高考I卷）Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus60．(astonish).12、（2021年新高考I卷）Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour63．(ache)legs.13、（2021年浙江高考1）But30yearslater,theBMIdifferencebetweenurbanandruralpeopleinmanycountrieshadnarrowed63(sharp).14、（2021年浙江高考1）Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside,including65．(low)levelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.15、（2020年北京高考）butit'slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere23．（smart）thantheNeanderthals.16、（2020年北京高考）Oliversaysifyou're29．(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,17、（2020年全国高考）Inthe18thand19thcenturies,61．(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.18、（2020年全国高考）Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir62．(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.19、（2020年全国高考）Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow69．iceandothertreasuresitcontains,20、（2020年全国高考）Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffice.66．(certain)duringtheholidayperiod21、（2020年全国高考）BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The69．(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.1．(2018新课标I卷)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways_________(energy).(所给词的适当形式填空)2．Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat’spretty________(power).（所给词的适当形式填空）3．Withabroaderperspective,wewillbemorefree,moreopen-minded,andless________(limit)inwhatwecanbecome!（所给词的适当形式填空）4．Therewasa____________(confuse)lookonhisfacewhenhemetwiththeproblem.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．Itissaidthatnextyear’sChineseclassisgoingtobevery____________(challenge).(所给词的适当形式填空)6．Ioftentakemysontobookstorestofindsomething____________(suit)forhimtoread.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．WhenIstoppedplayingandlookedup,Iwas____________(shock)toseeasmallcrowedaroundus.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．ThePalaceandtheForbiddenCityinBeijingaretheonlytwo____________(exist)imperialpalacesinChina.

(所给词的适当形式填空)9．Thereweremany____________(talent)actorsouttherejustwaitingtobediscovered.（所给词的适当形式填空）10．Asweallknow,heisacleverand____________(energy)student.(所给词的适当形式填空)11．____________(immediate),

heroseandwentdownthroughthehospitalhallintoherroom.（所给词的适当形式填空）12．____________(original)foundedin1919bySylviaBeach,

itisacombinationofabookstoreandareadinglibrary.（所给词的适当形式填空）13．Youshouldbe__________(formal)trainedifyouwanttowinaprizeinthecompetition.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．ChopsticksyougetinaChineserestaurantare__________(usual)madeofwood.（所给词的适当形式填空）15．Suchavirtueofhonestyearnedhimagoodreputation,andtherewasasaying__________(wide)spread:ItisbettertohaveapromisefromJiButhantogethundredsofouncesofgold.（所给词的适当形式填空）16．ChenshowedthatknowinghowtoperformCPRcanbe__________(benefit)....

__________(fortunately),lessthan1percentofChineseadultshavemasteredtheskillofCPR,whilemanyhaveneverheardof__________.(所给词的适当形式填空)17．About14percentoftheworld’sfoodislostduringfrom________(produce)toretail(零售)...WuLaping,aprofessoratChinaAgriculturalUniversity’sCollegeofEconomicsandManagement,saidfoodlossandwasteis________(large)affectedbyeconomicdevelopment.（所给词的适当形式填空）18．Lookingahead,Hassanbelieves____________(firm)thathecanpromotegreaterlevelsofcooperationbetweenChinaandPakistanasabridgebetweentwocultures.（所给词的适当形式填空）19．（2020年浙江卷1月）Thisis_________(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.（所给词的适当形式填空）20．(2021年北京卷)Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould__________(safe)waitforthepolicetotakeherhome．(所给词的适当形式填空)21．Theenvironmentwillbeimprovedbyour________(far)effortstoreducepollution.（所给词的适当形式填空）22．Therecouldbeaneven_________(high)costonyourhealth.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtheriseinweightproblems.（所给词的适当形式填空）23．Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit’slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere_________(smart)thantheNeanderthals.(所给词的适当形式填空)24．“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe_________(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkw