《钢结构安装》课件-3.6.3 多高层钢结构钢柱安装

3.6.3多层及高层钢结构钢柱的安装

Installationofmulti-layerandhigh-risesteelstructuralsteelcolumns第一：钢柱安装的准备工作First:preparationforsteelcolumninstallation第二：钢柱的吊装Second:theliftingofsteelcolumns第三：钢柱的校正Third:thecorrectionofsteelcolumns第四：钢柱的固定Fourth:thefixingofsteelcolumns第五：钢柱的接长Fifth:thelengthofthesteelcolumn

一、钢柱安装的准备工作

First:preparationforsteelcolumninstallation钢柱多采用实腹式，实腹钢柱截面多为工字形、箱形、十字形、圆形。钢柱多采用焊接对接接长，也有用高强度螺栓连接接长的。劲性柱与混凝土采用熔焊栓钉连接。Thesteelcolumnmostlyadoptsthesolidbellytype,andthesectionofthesolidbellysteelcolumnismostlyI-shaped,box-shaped,cross-shapedandround.Steelcolumnsaremostlyweldedbuttjoints,andalsolongwithhigh-strengthbolts.Therigidcolumnandconcreteareconnectedbyfusionweldingbolts.十字形钢柱Cross-shapedsteelcolumns箱形钢柱Box-shapedsteelcolumns

1.现场柱基检查1.On-sitecolumnbaseinspection安装在钢筋混凝土基础上的钢柱，安装质量和工效与混凝土柱基和地脚螺栓的定位轴线、基础标高直接有关，必须会同设计、监理、施工、业主共同验收，合格后才可以进行钢柱连接Theinstallationqualityandergonomicsofthesteelcolumninstalledonthereinforcedconcretefoundationaredirectlyrelatedtothepositioningaxisandfoundationelevationoftheconcretecolumnfoundationandanchorbolts,andmustbejointlyacceptedbythedesign,supervision,constructionandowner,andthesteelcolumncanbeconnectedonlyafterqualifying采用螺栓连接钢结构和钢筋混凝土基础时，预埋螺栓应符合施工方案的规定：预埋螺栓标高偏差应在±5mm以内，定位轴线的偏差应在±2mm以内Whenboltingthesteelstructureandreinforcedconcretefoundation,theembeddedboltsshouldcomplywiththeprovisionsoftheconstructionplan:theelevationdeviationoftheembeddedboltshouldbewithin±5mm,andthedeviationofthepositioningaxisshouldbewithin±2mm应认真找好基础支承平面的标高，其垫放的垫铁应正确；二次灌浆工作应采用无收缩、微膨胀的水泥砂浆。避免因基础标高的超差而影响起重机梁的安装水平度Theelevationofthefoundationsupportplaneshouldbecarefullyfound,andthecushionironshouldbecorrect;Thesecondarygroutingworkshouldusecementmortarwithoutshrinkageandmicro-expansion.Avoidaffectingtheinstallationlevelofthecranebeamduetothedeviationofthefoundationlevel

2.吊装机械选择2.Liftingmachineryselection目前，安装所用的吊装机械，大部分采用履带式起重机、轮胎式起重机及轨道式起重机吊装柱子。如果场地狭窄，不能采用上述机械吊装时，可采用扒杆或架设走线滑车进行吊装。Atpresent,mostoftheliftingmachineryusedforinstallationadoptscrawlercranes,rubbercranesandrail-mountedcranestoliftcolumns.Ifthesiteisnarrowandtheabovemechanicalliftingcannotbeused,thepickpocketbarorerectedwiringtrolleycanbeusedforlifting.3.吊点设置3.Liftingpointsetting钢柱吊点一般采用焊接吊耳、吊索绑扎、专用吊具等。钢柱的吊点位置及吊点数应根据钢柱形状、断面、长度、起重机性能等的具体情况确定。Steelcolumnliftingpointsgenerallyadoptweldedliftinglugs,slinglashing,specialspreaders,etc.Theliftingpointpositionandnumberofliftingpointsofthesteelcolumnshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothespecificconditionsofthesteelcolumnshape,section,length,craneperformance,etc.

一点起吊，吊点设置在柱顶Onepointlifting,theliftingpointissetatthetopofthecolumn

钢柱一般采用一点正吊。吊点应设置在柱顶处，吊钩通过钢柱重心线，这样钢柱易于起吊、对线、校正。当受起重机臂杆长度、场地等条件限制时，吊点可放在柱长的1/3处斜吊。由于钢柱倾斜，起吊、对线、校正较难控制。Steelcolumnsgenerallyuseapointofpositivecrane.Theliftingpointshouldbesetatthetopofthecolumn,andthehookpassesthroughthecenterofgravitylineofthesteelcolumn,sothatthesteelcolumniseasytolift,alignandcorrect.Whenlimitedbythelengthofthecraneboom,siteandotherconditions,theliftingpointcanbeplacedat1/3ofthecolumnlengthofthediagonalcrane.Duetothetiltofthesteelcolumn,itisdifficulttocontrol,lifting,aligningandcorrecting.对于细长的钢柱构件的吊装，可以考虑两点或三点起吊方法。Fortheliftingofslendersteelcolumnmembers,thetwo-pointorthree-pointliftingmethodcanbeconsidered.一点起吊，吊点设置在柱顶Onepointlifting,theliftingpointissetatthetopofthecolumn4.标高观测点与中心线标志设置4.Settheelevationobservationpointandcenterlinemarker标高观测点的设置以牛腿(肩梁)支承面为基准，设在柱的便于观测处Thesettingoftheelevationobservationpointisbasedonthecorbel(shoulderbeam)supportsurface,andislocatedattheconvenientobservationplaceofthecolumn无牛腿(肩梁)柱，应以柱顶端与屋面梁连接的最上一个安装孔中心为基准Fornon-corbel(shoulderbeam)columns,thecenterofthetopmountingholeconnectedtotheroofbeamatthetopofthecolumnshouldbeusedasthereference12钢柱安装前应设置标高观测点和中心线标志，同一工程的观测点和标志设置的位置应一致。标高观测点的设置应符合下列规定Beforetheinstallationofsteelcolumns,elevationobservationpointsandcenterlinesignsshouldbeset,andthelocationofobservationpointsandsignsofthesameprojectshouldbeconsistent.Thesettingofelevationobservationpointsshallcomplywiththefollowingregulations中心线标志的设置应符合下列规定Thecenterlinesignshouldbesetinaccordancewiththefollowingregulations在柱底板上表面上行线方向设一个中心标志，列线方向两侧各设一个中心标志Acentermarkerissetinthedirectionofthelineonthesurfaceofthecolumnfloor,andacentermarkerissetoneachsideofthecolumnline在柱身表面上行线和列线方向各设一个中心线，每条中心线在柱底部、中部(牛腿或肩梁部)和顶部各设一处中心标志Thereisacenterlineinthedirectionoftheascendinglineandcolumnlineonthesurfaceofthecolumn,andeachcenterlinehasacentermarkatthebottom,inthemiddle(corbelorshoulderbeam)andatthetopofthecolumn双牛腿(肩梁)柱在行线方向的两个柱身表面分别设中心标志Thedoublecorbel(shoulderbeam)columnismarkedwithacentermarkonthesurfaceofthetwocolumnsinthedirectionoftheline321二、钢柱的吊装Second:theliftingofsteelcolumns

1.吊装要求

1.Hoistingrequirements钢柱吊装施工时，为了防止钢柱根部在起吊过程中变形，钢柱的吊装一般采用双机抬吊，主机吊在钢柱上部，辅机吊在钢柱根部，待柱子根部离地一定距离(约2m左右)后，辅机停止起钩，主机继续起钩和回转，直至把柱子吊直后，将辅机松钩。Whenthesteelcolumnishoistedandconstructed,inordertopreventthedeformationofthesteelcolumnrootduringtheliftingprocess,theliftingofthesteelcolumngenerallyadoptsdoublemachinelifting,themainengineishoistedintheupperpartofthesteelcolumn,theauxiliarymachineishoistedattherootofthesteelcolumn,andaftertherootofthecolumnisacertaindistancefromtheground(about2m),theauxiliarymachinestopshooking,andthemainenginecontinuestohookandrotateuntilthecolumnisstraightened,andtheauxiliarymachineisloosened.双机抬吊，主机吊在上部，辅机吊在根部Doublemachinelifting,themainengineishoistedintheupperpart,andtheauxiliarymachineishoistedattheroot二、钢柱的吊装Second:theliftingofsteelcolumns

1.吊装要求

1.Hoistingrequirements对重型钢柱可采用双机递送抬吊或三机抬吊、一机递送的方法吊装；对于很高和细长的钢柱，可采取分节吊装的方法，在下节柱及柱间支撑安装并校正后，再安装上节柱。Forheavysteelcolumns,itcanbehoistedbydouble-machinedeliveryliftingorthree-machineliftingandone-machinedelivery;Forverytallandslendersteelcolumns,themethodofsectionalliftingcanbeadopted,andtheuppersectioncolumncanbeinstalledafterthelowersectioncolumnandthecolumnsupportandcorrection.双机抬吊，主机吊在上部，辅机吊在根部Doublemachinelifting,themainengineishoistedintheupperpart,andtheauxiliarymachineishoistedattheroot二、钢柱的吊装Second:theliftingofsteelcolumns

1.吊装要求

1.Hoistingrequirementstohookandrotateuntilthecolumnisstraightened,andtheauxiliarymachineisloosened.对重型钢柱可采用双机递送抬吊或三机抬吊、一机递送的方法吊装；对于很高和细长的钢柱，可采取分节吊装的方法，在下节柱及柱间支撑安装并校正后，再安装上节柱。Forheavysteelcolumns,itcanbehoistedbydouble-machinedeliveryliftingorthree-machineliftingandone-machinedelivery;Forverytallandslendersteelcolumns,themethodofsectionalliftingcanbeadopted,andtheuppersectioncolumncanbeinstalledafterthelowersectioncolumnandthecolumnsupportandcorrection.双机抬吊，主机吊在上部，辅机吊在根部Doublemachinelifting,themainengineishoistedintheupperpart,andtheauxiliarymachineishoistedattheroot钢柱柱脚固定的方法一般有两种形式:一种是基础上预埋螺栓固定，底部设钢垫板找平，如图所示；另一种是插入杯口灌浆固定方式，如图所示。前者当钢柱吊至基础上部时插锚固螺栓固定，多用于一般厂房钢柱的固定；后者当钢柱插入杯口后，支承在钢垫板上找平，最后固定方法同钢筋混凝土柱，用于大、中型厂房钢柱的固定。Therearegenerallytwoformsoffixingthesteelcolumnfoot:oneistofixtheembeddedboltsonthefoundation,andthebottomisleveledwithasteelpad,asshowninthefigure;Theotheristoinsertthecupmouthgroutfixingmethod,asshowninthefigure.Theformerisfixedbyanchoringboltswhenthesteelcolumnisliftedtothebottompart,whichismostlyusedforthefixingofsteelcolumnsingeneralworkshops;Thelatterwhenthesteelcolumnisinsertedintothecupmouth,thesupportisleveledonthesteelpad,andthefinalfixingmethodisthesameasthereinforcedconcretecolumn,whichisusedforthefixingofsteelcolumnsinlargeandmedium-sizedworkshops.1-柱基础2-钢柱3-钢柱脚4-地脚螺栓1-columnfoundation2-Steelcolumns3-Steelcolumnfeet4-anchorbolts

5-钢垫板6-二次灌浆细石混凝土5-Steelpad6-Secondarygroutfinestoneconcrete

7-柱脚外包混凝土8-砂浆局部粗找平7-Columnbaseiswrappedinconcrete8-Mortarlocalroughleveling9-焊于柱脚上的小钢套墩10-钢楔11-35mm厚硬木垫板9-Smallsteelsleevepierweldedtothecolumnbase10-Steelwedge11-35mmthickhardwoodpadding

a)用顶埋地脚螺栓固定b)用杯口二次灌浆固定a)Fixedwithburiedanchorboltsb)Fixedwithsecondarygroutatthemouthofthecup钢柱的安装属于竖向垂直吊装，为使吊起的钢柱保持下垂以便于就位，需根据钢柱的种类和高度确定绑扎点。具有牛腿的钢柱，绑扎点应靠牛腿下部；无牛腿的钢柱按其高度比例，绑扎点设在钢柱全长2/3的上方位置处。Theinstallationofsteelcolumnsbelongstoverticalhoisting,inordertokeeptheliftedsteelcolumnsaggingsothatitiseasytobeinplace,thelashingpointneedstobedeterminedaccordingtothetypeandheightofthesteelcolumn.Forsteelcolumnswithcorbels,thebindingpointshouldbeclosetothelowerpartofthecorbel;Thesteelcolumnwithoutcorbelsisproportionaltoitsheight,andthebindingpointissetabove2/3ofthetotallengthofthesteelcolumn.钢柱绑扎点设在2/3全长上方位置Thesteelcolumnlashingpointissetabove2/3ofthefulllength钢柱绑扎点设在2/3全长上方位置Thesteelcolumnlashingpointissetabove2/3ofthefulllength钢柱柱脚套入地脚螺栓，防止其损伤螺纹，应用薄钢板卷成筒并套到螺栓上，钢柱就位后，除去套筒。Thefootofthesteelcolumnissetintotheanchorbolttopreventitfromdamagingthethread,andathinsteelplateshouldberolledintoacylinderandsleevedtothebolt,andthesleeveisremovedafterthesteelcolumnisinplace.为避免吊起的钢柱自由摆动，应在柱底上部用麻绳绑好，作为牵制溜绳的调整方向。Inordertoavoidthefreeswingofthehoistedsteelcolumn,itshouldbetiedwithhempropeintheupperpartofthecolumnbottomastheadjustmentdirectionoftherope.钢柱绑扎点设在2/3全长上方位置Thesteelcolumnlashingpointissetabove2/3ofthefulllength钢柱绑扎点设在2/3全长上方位置Thesteelcolumnlashingpointissetabove2/3ofthefulllength吊装前的准备工作就绪后，首先应进行试吊。吊起一端高度为100～200mm时应停吊，检查索具是否牢固和起重机的稳定板是否位于安装基础上。Afterthepreparationworkbeforehoistingisready,thetestliftingshouldbecarriedoutfirst.Whentheheightofoneendoftheliftingis100~200mm,theliftingshouldbestoppedtocheckwhethertheriggingisfirmandwhetherthestabilityplateofthecraneislocatedontheinstallationfoundation.a)吊装调整b)就位c)牛腿柱A-溜绳绑扎位置Hoistingadjustmentb)Inplacec)LegcolumnA-Ropetieposition钢柱起吊后，当柱脚距地脚螺栓或杯口30～40cm时扶正，使柱脚的安装螺栓孔对准螺栓或柱脚对准杯口，缓慢落钩、就位，经过初校，待垂直偏差在20mm以内，拧紧螺栓或打紧木锲临时固定，即可脱钩。Afterthesteelcolumnislifted,whenthecolumnfootis30~40cmfromtheanchorboltorcupmouth,itisstraightened,sothattheinstallationboltholeofthecolumnfootisalignedwiththeboltorthecolumnfootisalignedwiththecupmouth,slowlydropthehook,inplace,aftertheinitialcalibration,whentheverticaldeviationiswithin20mm,tightentheboltortightenthewoodenshoveltotemporarilyfix,youcandecouple.如果进行多排钢柱安装，可继续按此做法吊装其余所有的柱子。钢柱吊装调整与就位如图所示。Ifmultiplerowsofsteelcolumnsareinstalled,alltheremainingcolumnscancontinuetobehoistedinthisway.Thesteelcolumnliftingadjustmentandplacementareshowninthefigure.a)吊装调整b)就位c)牛腿柱A-溜绳绑扎位置Hoistingadjustmentb)Inplacec)LegcolumnA-Ropetieposition为防止钢柱边缘的锐利棱角在吊装时损伤吊绳，应用适宜规格的钢管割开一条缝，套在棱角吊绳处，或用方形木条垫护。注意绑扎牢固，并易拆除。Inordertopreventthesharpedgesandcornersofthesteelcolumnfromdamagingthehangingropeduringhoisting,asteelpipeofsuitablespecificationsshouldbeusedtocutaseam,setitattheangularhangingrope,orcushionitwithasquarewoodenstrip.Payattentiontothebindingisfirmandeasytoremove.吊装钢柱时还应注意起吊半径或旋转半径的正确，并在柱底端设置滑移设施，以防钢柱吊起扶直时因发生拖动阻力以及压力作用而促使柱体产生弯曲变形或损坏底座板。Whenhoistingsteelcolumns,attentionshouldalsobepaidtothecorrectnessofliftingradiusorrotationradius,andslidingfacilitiesshouldbesetatthebottomofthecolumntopreventthecolumnfrombendinganddeformingordamagingthebaseplateduetodragresistanceandpressurewhenliftingandstraighteningthesteelcolumn.当钢柱被吊装到基础平面就位时，应将柱底座板上面的纵横轴线对准基础轴线(一般由地脚螺栓与螺孔来控制)，以防止其跨度尺寸产生偏差，导致柱头与屋架安装连接时发生水平方向向内的拉力或向外的撑力作用而使柱身弯曲变形。Whenthesteelcolumnishoistedtothefoundationplaneinplace,thelongitudinalandhorizontalaxisabovethecolumnbaseplateshouldbealignedwiththefoundationaxis(generallycontrolledbyanchorboltsandscrewholes)topreventdeviationinitsspansize,resultinginhorizontalinwardtensionoroutwardbendinganddeformationofthecolumnbodywhenthecolumnheadandrooftrussareinstalledandconnected.2.分节钢柱的吊装2.Liftingofsteelcolumnsinsections吊装前，先做好柱基的准备，进行找平，画出纵横轴线，设置基础标高块，如图所示，标高块的强度应不低于30；顶面埋设12mm厚钢板，并检查预埋地脚螺栓的位置和标高Beforehoisting,preparethecolumnfoundation,levelit,drawtheverticalandhorizontalaxis,andsetthefoundationelevationblock,asshowninthefigure,thestrengthoftheelevationblockshouldnotbelessthan30;A12mmthicksteelplateisburiedonthetopsurface,andthepositionandelevationoftheembeddedanchorboltsarechecked1-基础2-标高块（无收缩水泥浆）1-Basics2-Elevationblock(noshrinkagegrout)

13钢柱多用宽翼工字形或箱形截面，前者用于高6m以下的柱子，多采用焊接H型钢，截面尺寸为300mmX200mm～1200mmX600mm,翼缘板厚为10～14mm,腹板厚度为6～25mm；后者多用于高度较大的高层建筑柱，截面尺寸为500mmX500nn～700mmX700mm,钢板厚12～30mm。为充分利用起重机的能力和减少连接，一般制成3～4层为一节，节与节之间用坡口焊连接，一个节间的柱网必须安装三层的高度后再安装相邻节间的柱Steelcolumnsmostlyusewide-wingI-shapedorbox-shapedsections,theformerisusedforcolumnsbelow6minheight,mostlyweldedH-beam,thecross-sectionsizeis300mmX200mm~1200mmX600mm,theflangeplatethicknessis10~14mm,andthewebthicknessis6~25mm;Thelatterismostlyusedforhigh-risebuildingcolumnswithlargeheights,withacross-sectionsizeof500mmX500nn~700mmX700mm,andasteelplatethicknessof12~30mm.Inordertomakefulluseofthecrane'scapacityandreducetheconnection,itisgenerallymadeof3~4layersasasection,andthejointsareconnectedbygroovewelding,andthecolumnnetworkbetweenasegmentmustbeinstalledwithaheightofthreelayersbeforeinstallingthecolumnsbetweenadjacentnodes在第一节框架安装、校正、螺栓紧固后，即应进行底层钢柱柱底灌浆。先在柱脚四周立模板，将基础上表面清洗干净，清除积水，然后用高强度聚合砂浆从一侧自由灌入至密实，灌浆后，用湿草袋或麻袋护盖养护Afterthefirstsectionoftheframeisinstalled,calibrated,boltedandtightened,thebottomsteelcolumnbottomgroutshouldbecarriedout.Firsterectaformworkaroundthecolumnfoot,cleanthesurfaceofthefoundation,removestagnantwater,andthenfreelypouritfromonesidewithhigh-strengthpolymericmortartodense,andaftergrouting,itiscuredwithawetstrawbagorsackcover42钢柱的吊装，根据柱子质量和高度情况，采用单机吊装或双机抬吊。单机吊装时，需在柱根部垫以垫木，用旋转法起吊，防止柱根拖地和碰撞地脚螺栓，损坏螺纹；双机抬吊多采用递送法，吊离地面后，在空中进行回直。柱子吊点在吊耳处(制作时预先设置，吊装完割去)，钢柱吊装前预先在地面挂上操作挂筐、爬梯等Theliftingofsteelcolumns,accordingtothequalityandheightofthecolumns,adoptssinglemachineliftingordoublemachinelifting.Whenhoistingasinglemachine,itisnecessarytopadtherootofthecolumnwithskids,andusetherotationmethodtolifttopreventthecolumnrootfrommoppingthefloorandcollidingwithanchorboltsanddamagingthethread;Thedouble-machineliftingmostlyadoptsthedeliverymethod,andafterliftingofftheground,itisstraightenedintheair.Theliftingpointofthecolumnisattheliftinglug(pre-setduringproduction,cutoffafterhoisting),andthesteelcolumnishungonthegroundinadvancetooperatethehangingbasket,ladder,etc.beforehoisting钢柱就位后，立即对垂直度、轴线、牛腿面标高进行初校，安设临时螺栓，然后卸去吊索。钢柱上、下接触面间的间隙一般不得大于1.5mm，如间隙在1.6～6.0mm之间，可用低碳钢的垫片垫实间隙。柱间间距偏差可用液压千斤顶与钢楔，或倒链与钢丝绳或缆风绳进行校正Immediatelyafterthesteelcolumnisinplace,theverticality,axis,andcorbelsurfaceelevationareinitiallycalibrated,temporaryboltsareinstalled,andtheslingisremoved.Thegapbetweentheupperandlowercontactsurfacesofthesteelcolumnshouldgenerallynotbegreaterthan1.5mm,ifthegapisbetween1.6~6.0mm,thegapcanbeusedwithagasketpadoflowcarbonsteel.Thespacingdeviationbetweencolumnscanbecorrectedbyhydraulicjacksandsteelwedges,orbyinvertedchainsandwireropesorcablewindropes三、钢柱的校正Third:thecorrectionofsteelcolumns钢柱的校正CorrectionofsteelcolumnsAB校正垂直度Correctverticality复查标高Reviewtheelevation对杯形基础，可采用在柱底抹水泥砂浆或加设钢垫板的方法来校正标高Forthecup-shapedfoundation,theelevationcanbecorrectedbyplasteringcementmortaratthebottomofthecolumnoraddingsteelpads对于采用地脚螺栓连接的柱子，可在柱底板下的地脚螺栓上加一个调整螺母。安装好柱子后，用调整螺母来控制柱子的标高Forpostsconnectedbyanchorbolts,anadjustmentnutcanbeaddedtotheanchorboltsunderthecolumnfloorplate.Afterthecolumnisinstalled,usetheadjustmentnuttocontroltheelevationofthecolumn三、钢柱的校正Third:thecorrectionofsteelcolumns2.垂直度校正2.Verticalitycorrection

可采用两台经纬仪或吊线坠来测量垂直度的方法，采用松紧钢楔，或用千斤顶推柱身，使柱子绕柱脚转动来校正垂直度，如图所示。Theverticalitycanbemeasuredusingtwotheodoliteorpendants,usinganelasticsteelwedge,orpushingthecolumnbodywithajacktorotatethecolumnaroundthecolumnfoottocorrecttheverticality,asshowninthefigure.1-楔块2-螺钉顶3-经纬仪4-线坠5-水桶6-调整螺杆千斤顶a)就位调整b)用两台经纬仪测量c)线坠测量1-Wedge2-Screwtop3-Theodolite4-Wirependant5-Bucket6-Adjustthescrewjacka)In-placeadjustmentb)Measuredwithtwotheodoliteinstrumentsc)Pendantmeasurement3.其他校正方法3.Othercorrectionmethods

其他校正方法还有千斤顶校正法、木杆或钢管撑杆校正法、缆风绳校正法。Othercorrectionmethodsincludejackcorrection,woodenrodorsteelpipebracecorrection,andcablewindropecorrection.a)千斤顶校正垂直度b)千斤顶校正的整体平面示意图a)Jackcorrectsverticalityb)Schematicdiagramoftheoverallplaneofjackcorrection1-木杆或钢管撑杆2-摩擦板3-钢线绳4-槽钢撑头5-木楔或撬杠6-转动手柄

7-倒链8-钢套1-Woodenrodorsteeltubebrace2-Frictionplate3-Steelwirerope4-channelsteelbrace5-Woodenwedgeorcrowbar6-Turnthehandle7-Invertedchain8-Steelsleeve1-柱2-缆风绳3-钢箍4-花篮螺栓或5kN倒链5-木桩或固定在建筑物上a)、b)缆风绳平面布置c)缆风绳校正方法1-column2-Cablewindrope3-Steelhoops4-Flowerbasketboltor5kNinvertedchain5-Stakesorfixedtothebuildinga),b)Cablewindropearrangementc)Cablewindropecorrectionmethod四、钢柱的固定Fourth:thefixingofsteelcolumns1.临时固定1.Temporaryfixation

柱子插入杯口就位，初步校正后，即用钢(或硬木)楔临时固定。方法是当柱插入杯口使柱身中心线对准杯口(或杯底)中心线后刹车，用撬杠拨正，在柱与杯口壁之间的四周空隙，每边塞入两个钢(或硬木)楔，再将柱子落到杯底并复查对线，接着将每两侧的楔子同时打紧，起重机即可松绳脱钩进行下一根柱吊装。重型或高10m以上细长柱及杯口较浅的柱，如遇刮风天气，有时还在柱面两侧加缆风绳或支撑来临时固定。Thecolumnisinsertedintothecupmouthinplace,andafterpreliminarycorrection,itistemporarilyfixedwithasteel(orhardwood)wedge.Themethodiswhenthecolumnisinsertedintothecupmouthtomakethecenterlineofthecolumnbodyalignwiththecenterlineofthecupmouth(orcupbottom)afterbraking,useacrowbartostraighten,inthesurroundinggapbetweenthecolumnandthecupmouthwall,eachsideisstuffedwithtwosteel(orhardwood)wedges,andthenthecolumnisdroppedtothebottomofthecupandthelineisreviewed,andthenthewedgesoneachsidearetightenedatthesametime,andthecranecanloosentheropeandunhookforthenextcolumnhoisting.Heavyorslendercolumnswithaheightofmorethan10mandcolumnswithashallowcupmouth,incaseofwindyweather,sometimescableropesorsupportsareaddedonbothsidesofthecylindersurfacetofixtemporarily.四、钢柱的固定Fourth:thefixingofsteelcolumns1-杯形基础2-柱3-钢或木楔4-钢塞5-嵌小钢塞或卵石1-Cup-shapedbase2-Columns3-Steelorwoodenwedge4-Steelplug5-Inlaysmallsteelstopperorpebble2.最后固定

2.Finalfixation

01无垫板安装柱的固定方法是在柱与杯口的间隙内浇灌比柱混凝土强度等级高一级的细石混凝土。浇灌前，清理并湿润杯口，浇灌分两次进行，第一次灌至楔子底面，待混凝土强度等级达到25%后，将楔子拔出，再二次灌注到杯口并与杯口持平。采用缆风绳校正的柱子，待二次浇灌的混凝土强度达到70%，方可拆除缆风绳Thefixingmethodoftheinstallationcolumnwithoutcushionplateistopourfinestoneconcreteonelevelhigherthanthestrengthclassofcolumnconcreteinthegapbetweenthecolumnandthecupmouth.Beforepouring,cleanandmoistenthecupmouth,pourintwoparts,thefirsttimetothebottomofthewedge,aftertheconcretestrengthgradereaches25%,pulloutthewedge,andthenpourthesecondtimetothecupmouthandlevelwiththecupmouth.Thecolumnwithcablewindropecorrectioncanberemovedonlyafterthestrengthoftheconcreteforsecondarypouringreaches70%.02有垫板安装柱(包括钢柱杯口插入式柱脚)的二次灌浆方法，通常采用赶浆法或压浆法Thesecondarygroutingmethodwithcushionmountingcolumn(includingthesteelcolumncupmouthinsertioncolumnfoot)usuallyadoptsthegroutingmethodorthegroutingmethod是在杯口一侧灌强度等级比柱混凝土强度等级高一级的无收缩砂浆(掺水泥用量0.003%～0.005%的铝粉)或细石混凝土，用细振捣棒振捣使砂浆从柱底另一侧挤出，待填满柱底周围约10cm高，接着在杯口四周均匀地灌细石混凝土至与杯口持平。Itistofillthestrengthgradeofonelevelhigherthanthestrengthgradeofcolumnconcreteonthesideofthecupmouth(aluminumpowderwithcementdosageof0.003%~0.005%)orfinestoneconcrete,withafinevibratorvibratingrodtomakethemortarsqueezedfromtheothersideofthecolumnbottom,tofillthecolumnbottomaroundabout10cmhigh,andthenevenlypourfinestoneconcretearoundthecupmouthuntilitislevelwiththecupmouth.是于杯口空隙内插入压浆管与排气管，先灌20cm高混凝土，并插捣密实，然后开始压浆，待混凝土被挤压上拱，停止顶压，再灌20cm高混凝土顶压一次，即可拔出压浆管和排气管，继续灌注混凝土至杯口。本法适于截面很大、垫板高度较薄的杯底灌浆。Itistoinsertthegroutingpipeandexhaustpipeinthegapofthecupmouth,firstfill20cmhighconcrete,andinsertitdensely,andthenstarttopressthegrout,waitfortheconcretetobesqueezedandarched,stopthetoppressure,andthenfillthe20cmhighconcretetoppressureonce,youcanpulloutthegroutingpipeandexhaustpipe,andcontinuetopourconcretetothecupmouth.Thismethodissuitableforgroutingatthebottomofthecupwithalargecross-sectionandathincushionheight.赶浆法Pulpcatch-upmethod压浆法Groutingmethod1-钢垫板2-细石很凝士3-插入式振动器4-压浆管5-排气管6-水泥砂浆7-柱8-钢楔a)用赶浆法二次灌浆b)用压浆法二次灌浆1-Steelpad2-Thefinestoneisverycondensed3-Plug-invibrator4-Groutingpipe5-Exhaustpipe6-Cementmortar7-Column8-Steelwedgea)Secondarygroutingbythecatch-upmethodb)Secondarygroutingbygroutingmethod注意事项Notes柱应边校正边灌浆，若当日校正的柱子未灌浆，次日应复核后再灌浆，以防因刮风振动使楔子松动变形和千斤顶回油等因素而产生新的偏差。Ifthecolumncorrectedonthesamedayisnotgrouted,itshouldbereviewedthenextdayandthengroutedtopreventnewdeviationsduetofactorssuchasloosedeformationofthewedgeandjackoilreturnduetowindvibration.灌浆(灌缝)时应将杯口间隙内的木屑等建筑垃圾清除干净，并用水充分湿润，使之能良好结合。Whengrouting(groutingjoints),theconstructionwastesuchaswoodchipsinthegapbetweenthecupmouthshouldberemoved,andfullymoistenedwithwatersothatitcanbewellcombined.注意事项Notes捣固混凝土时，应严防碰动楔子而造成柱子倾斜。Whentampingconcrete,itshouldbestrictlypreventedfromtouchingthewedgeandcausingthecolumntotilt.对柱脚底面不平(凹凸或倾斜)与杯底间有较大间隙时，应先灌注一层强度同柱混凝土等级的稀砂浆，使其充满后，再灌细石混凝土。Whenthereisalargegapbetweentheuneven(concaveorinclined)bottomsurfaceofthecolumnfootandthebottomofthecup,alayerofthinmortarofthesamestrengthconcretegradeshouldbepouredfirst,sothatitisfilledandthenpouredwithfinestoneconcrete.第二次灌浆前须复查柱子垂直度，超出允许误差的应采取措施重新校正并纠正。Theverticalityofthecolumnmustbereviewedbeforethesecondgrouting,andmeasuresshouldbetakentore-correctandcorrectiftheallowableerrorisexceeded.

五、钢柱的加长Fifth:thelengthofthesteelcolumn

1.操作要求1.Operationalrequirements

1)上节柱多采用榫接头或钢板接头，上节柱的吊装须在下节柱永久固定后进行。1)Theuppersectioncolumnmostlyadoptsmortisejointsorsteelplatejoints,andtheliftingoftheuppersectioncolumnmustbecarriedoutafterthelowersectioncolumnispermanentlyfixed.①榫接头柱安装就位后，上下节柱接头用型钢夹具临时固定，调整螺栓可以调正上柱下端，而上端多用管式支撑校正和临时固定。Afterthemortisejointcolumnisinstalledinplace,theupperandlowersectioncolumnjointsaretemporarilyfixedwithsectionsteelfixtures,andtheadjustmentboltcanadjustthelowerendoftheuppercolumn,whiletheupperendismostlycorrectedandtemporarilyfixedwithtubularsupport.②钢板接头柱安装就位固定与分节柱吊装相同Thesteelplatejointcolumnisinstalledinplaceandfixedthesameasthesectioncolumnhoisting1-上柱2-下柱3-角钢夹箍4-角钢用螺栓与柱连接5-法兰螺栓6-钢架拉杆7-管式支撑8-预埋吊环a)用角钢螺杆固定b)用管式支撑固定1-Uppercolumn2-Lowercolumn3-anglesteelclamp4-Theanglesteelisconnectedtothecolumnwithbolts5-Flangebolts6-Steelframetierod7-Tubularsupport8-Embeddedliftingringa)Fixedwithanglesteelscrewb)Fixedwithtubularsupports五、钢柱的加长Fifth:thelengthofthesteelcolumn重型柱或较长柱的临时固定，在柱与柱之间需加设水平管式支撑或设缆风绳。Forthetemporaryfixationofheavycolumnsorlongercolumns,horizontalpipesupportsorcablewindropesneedtobeaddedbetweenthecolumns.钢柱临时固定后，应对每根柱子重复多次校正，并观测其垂直偏差值。Afterthesteelcolumnistemporarilyfixed,thecorrectionshouldberepeatedseveraltimesforeachcolumnanditsverticaldeviationvalueshouldbeobserved.钢柱校正时，应在起重机脱钩后并在电焊前进行初校，由于电焊后的钢筋接头的冷却收缩会使柱偏移，所以在电焊完后应再做二次校正，梁、板安装后需再次校正。对数层一节的长柱，在每层梁安装前后均需校正，以免产生误差累积，校正方法同单层工业厂房柱。Whenthesteelcolumniscalibrated,theinitialcalibrationshouldbecarriedoutafterthecraneisdecoupledandbeforeelectricwelding,becausethecoolingcontractionofthesteelbarjointafterelectricweldingwilloffsetthecolumn,sothesecondarycorrectionshouldbemadeaftertheelectricwelding,andthebeamandplateneedtobecorrectedagainafterinstallation.Thelongcolumnsofseverallayersandsectionsneedtobecorrectedbeforeandaftertheinstallationofeachlayerofbeamstoavoidtheaccumulationoferrors,andthecorrectionmethodisthesameasthatofsingle-storyindustrialplantcolumns.当下柱出现偏差时，一般在上节柱的底部就位时，可对准下节柱中心线和标准中心线的中点各借一半，而上节柱的顶部仍应以标准中心线为准，以此类推。Whenthelowercolumndeviates,generallywhenthebottomoftheuppercolumnisinplace,itcanbeborrowedhalftothemidpointofthelowercolumncenterlineandthestandardcenterline,whilethetopoftheuppercolumnshouldstillbesubjecttothestandardcenterline,andsoon.当柱垂直度和水平位移均出现偏差时，如垂直度偏差较大，应先校正垂直度偏差，再校正水平位移，以防柱子校正时失稳。Whenthecolumnverticalityandhorizontaldisplacementaredeviated,iftheverti