城市轨道交通专业英语（第三版） 课件 U8 Commuter Rail

UnitEight城市轨道交通专业英语EnglishforUrbanRailTransitTextA

LearntoSayMetroServiceExpressionsTextBCommuterRail市郊铁路系统AttheStationⅢ车站用语(三)TicketPurchaseⅦ购票（七）CommuterRailsinChina中国市郊铁路系统目录Contents

ReadingMaterial

TrainOperations

Ⅷ列车运行（八）Whatiscommuterrail?DoyouknowsomecommuterrailsinChina?CommuterRailTextAIntroductionCharacteristicsOperationFacilitiesNewWordsandExpressionsNewWords:

commuterschedulecongestionspaceskipconvergeoptimizesacrificeamenitiesself-propelledbidirectionalarticulatedbogiecircumstanceassociatedlocomotivereardiesel-electriclongitudinalfacilitate

PhrasesandExpressions:commuterrailsuburbanrailcommutertownonadailybasisdistancechargezonepricingpublicawarenessfossilfuelenvironmentalissuemainlinerailstandardsalowerfrequencyofservicescheduledservicesspecificintervalslower-densityat-gradecrossingcrossinggatetrainschedulepeakhoursoffpeakhoursexpressserviceslongdistanceridersterminalstationonboardtrainscoexistwithsystemconstructioncostsdedicatedtracklocalstandardgaugetracktraintypescommutertrainsuburbantrainmaximumpassengervolumeinmostcasesluggagespacelong-distancetrainssingle-leveldouble-levelmultipleunittypemultipleunitsdrivingmotordieselenginepassengercompartmentdieselmultipleunitspickupthirdrailoverheadlineelectricmultipleunitsequippedwithcontrolcabcommuterserviceturn-aroundtimelocomotivehauledservicespush-pullformationtrainoperatormotivepowertheformerSoviet-bloccountriesdiesel-hydrauliclocomotiveseatplanathree-and-twoseatplanlongitudinalseatsidewayswindow-liningseatingcapacityeasierboardingandalightingbenchseatfoldupstandingroominthecaseofGreaterTokyoAreaImportantWords1.

commuter

n.apassengertrainthatisriddenprimarilybypassengerswhotravelregularlyfromoneplacetoanother市郊列车；通勤列车e.g.She

accidentally

steppedon

his

foot

on

a

crowded

commuter

train.

她在一辆拥挤的通勤火车上不小心踩到他的脚。2.

converge

v.cometogethersoastoformasingleproduct会聚；使聚集；聚合e.g.These

lines

converge

at

acertain

point.这些线集中于某一点。

Many

will

later

converge

on

thebusiest

railwaystations

in

the

world,

now

ata

standstill.许多人将随后聚集在世界上最繁忙而现在已经暂停的地铁站。3.

amenities

n.thingssuchasshoppingcentresorsportsfacilitiesthatareprovidedforpeople'sconvenience,enjoyment,orcomfort便利设施e.g.The

new

StationCentre

will

have

shops,

restaurants

and

other

amenities.

新的中央车站将会有商店、饭店及其他设施。The

public

areas

offer

asubtle

blend

of

traditional

charm

with

modern

amenities.

这些公共场所表现出对传统魅力与现代设施的巧妙结合。

ImportantWords4.

self-propelled

adj.(ofavehicle)providedwithitsownsourceoftractivepowerratherthanrequiringanexternalmeansofpropulsion自力推进的；自行驱动的e.g.Neverinthehistoryoftheself-propelledvehiclehavewehadsuchproductvariety.

在自行推进车辆的历史上，我们从未有过如此丰富的产品。5.

articulated

adj.madeintwoormoresectionsthatarejoinedtogetherbymetalbars,sothatthevehiclecanturnmoreeasily铰接式的(车辆)e.g.articulatedvehicle

铰接式车辆；铰接列车；铰接式汽车；挂接车辆6.

bogie

n.undercarriagewithwheelsfittedbelowtheendofarailwayvehicleandpivotedforgoingroundcurves（铁路车辆的）转向架e.g.Each

driving

shaft

on

the

bogieis

driven

by

a

traction

motor.

转向架上的每个动轴均由一台牵引电动机驱动。

The

key

of

acceleration

and

addingaxleload

of

freightcar

is

bogie.

铁路货车提高速度和增大轴重的关键是转向架。

ImportantWords7.

diesel-electric

adj.电传动内燃e.g.RegularpassengerserviceistobeginonTuesdayalongashortmountainousrouteinwhatwillbethefirstcommercialservicebyadiesel-electrichybridtrain.定期客运服务是开始沿周二短山区航线，这将是首次商业服务，由柴油-电动混合列车。8.

longitudinal

adj.(lineorstructure)goingfromoneendofanobjecttotheotherratherthanacrossingitfromsidetoside纵向的e.g.Thethird

axis

is

thelongitudinal

axis.第三个轴是纵轴。

The

plant's

stem

ismarked

with

thin

green

longitudinal

stripes.这种植物的茎上长有绿色细长条纹。

TextACommuterRail

IntroductionCharacteristicsOperationFacilities

TextACommuterRailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.1Commuterrail,alsocalledsuburbanrail,isapassengerrailtransportservicethatmainlyoperatesbetweenacitycenter,andthemiddletooutersuburbsbeyond15km(10miles)andcommutertownsorotherlocationsthatattractlargenumbersofcommuters—peoplewhotravelonadailybasis.

Analysis:

Inthissentencetherearetwothat.Thefirstthatintroducesanattributiveclausemodifyingpassengerrailtransportservice,whilethesecondonealsointroducesanattributiveclausemodifyinglocations.Andfurthermore,whointroducesanattributiveclausemodifyingpeople.Translation:

通勤铁路，也被称为市郊铁路，是一种铁路客运服务，主要运行在市中心之间、市中心和距离超过15公里(10英里)的郊区之间，以及通勤城镇或其他吸引大量通勤者(每天出行上下班的人)的地方。TextACommuterRailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.6Theirabilitytocoexistwithfreightorintercityservicesinthesameright-of-waycansignificantlyreducesystemconstructioncosts.

Analysis:

Inthissentencetheinfinitivephrasetocoexistwithfreightorintercityservicesinthesameright-of-wayisusedasattributive,modifying

ability.Translation:

市郊列车与货车或城际列车共用路轨可以显著降低系统建设成本。TextACommuterRailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.6However,theyareoftenbuiltwithdedicatedtrackswithinthatright-of-waytopreventdelays,particularlywhereservicedensitieshaveconvergedintheinnerpartsofthenetwork.

Analysis:

Inthissentencewhereintroducesanadverbialofplace.

Translation:

然而，为了防止堵车晚点，特别是当服务密度集中在交通网内部时，通常在该路轨内建设专用轨道，大多数列车在当地的标准轨距轨道上运行。TextACommuterRailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.8Commuterrailtrainsarecommonlycomposedofmultipleunits,whichareself-propelled,bidirectional,articulatedpassengerrailcarswithdrivingmotorsoneach(oreveryother)bogie.

Analysis:

Inthissentencewhichintroducesnon-restrictiverelativeclause,modifyingmultipleunits.Withdrivingmotorsoneach(oreveryother)bogieisabsoluteconstruction,servedasaccompanyadverbial.Translation:

市郊列车通常包含有动车组，这些车组由自行推进的、双向的、铰接式客运车辆组成，每个(或每隔一个)转向架上都有驱动电机。TextACommuterRailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.8Multipleunitsarealmostalwaysequippedwithcontrolcabsatbothends,whichiswhysuchunitsaresofrequentlyusedtoprovidecommuterservices,owingtotheassociatedshortturn-aroundtime.

Analysis:

Inthissentencewhichintroducesnon-restrictiverelativeclause,modifyingthewholesentenceMultipleunitsarealmostalwaysequippedwithcontrolcabsatbothends.Andwhyintroducesapredicativeclause.Translation:

动车组一般在两端都配备控制驾驶室，从而缩短了折返时间，因此动车组列车可以频繁地提供通勤服务。

ReferenceTranslation参考译文

课文A市郊铁路系统通勤铁路，也被称为市郊铁路，是一种铁路客运服务，主要运行在市中心之间、市中心和距离超过15公里(10英里)的郊区之间，以及通勤城镇或其他吸引大量通勤者(每天出行上下班的人)的地方。

列车按照时刻表运行，速度从50到200公里/小时(30到125英里/小时)不等，

可以采用距离收费或分区定价。

随着公众对交通拥堵、对化石燃料的依赖、以及其他环境问题的日益关注，以及拥有、运营和停放汽车的成本不断上升，通勤铁路服务的发展在今天变得越来越受欢迎。特征

大多数通勤(或市郊)列车是根据干线铁路标准建造的，与轻轨或快速交通(地铁)系统不同的是:

车体更大；

由于距离较远，故而提供更多的座位而站立空间较少；

(在大多数情况下)服务频率较低；

有特定的发车时间表(列车在指定的时刻开车，而不是每隔一段时间开出)；

服务于低密度的郊区，通常连接郊区和市中心；

与城际列车或货运列车共用轨道或路权；

并非全部立体交叉（包括设有道口栏木的平交道口）。列车时刻表

与快速交通(或地铁)相比，通勤/市郊铁路的服务频率更低，有特定的发车时间表而不是每隔一段时间开出，车站间距离更大。

它们主要服务于低密度的郊区(非市内)，通常与城际列车或货车共用轨道。一些只在高峰时间运行，在非高峰时间和周末发车次数较少。

平均速度较高，通常是50公里/小时(30英里/小时)或更高，较高的速度更适用于长距离，有些快车为了速度更快而越过一些车站不停，并将长距离乘客和短距离乘客分开。通勤列车一般的行走距离为15至200公里(10到125英里)之间，路途长的可以到达两个甚至数个城市，站间距也有所不同，但通常比城市轨道系统要长得多。在市内，列车要么有一个终点站，要么穿过市中心很少停车，与城轨系统相比，车站数量明显减少。列车上和车站一般都建有厕所。(未完）

ReferenceTranslation参考译文

课文A市郊铁路系统（续前页）轨道

市郊列车与货车或城际列车共用路轨可以显著降低系统建设成本。然而，为了防止堵车晚点，特别是当服务密度集中在交通网内部时，通常在该路轨内建设专用轨道，大多数列车在当地的标准轨距轨道上运行。

列车类型

市郊列车尽管很少拥有长途火车的所有便利设施，但是多数情况下，在尽量保留乘坐的舒适度和行李空间的前提下优化最大客流量。车厢可能是单层或双层，目的是为所有人提供座位。与城际列车相比，它们的空间更小，设施更少，行李区也更有限。动车组类型

市郊列车通常包含有动车组，这些车组由自行推进的、双向的、铰接式客运车辆组成，每个(或每隔一个)转向架上都有驱动电机。根据当地情况和传统，它们可以由位于车厢下方的柴油发动机提供动力(内燃动车组)，也可以由第三轨或架空线路提供电力(电动车组)。动车组一般在两端都配备控制驾驶室，从而缩短了折返时间，因此动车组列车可以频繁地提供通勤服务。机车牵引

有些国家或地区使用机车牵引，采用推拉形式，即机车在车头或车尾进行推拉操作。列车通常在两端各配备一个控制室，这样司机在任意一端都可以驾驶机车。牵引动力可能是电力或柴油电力，不过有些国家，如德国和一些前苏联国家，也使用液力传动内燃机车。座位规划

美国和一些其他国家采用的是3+2的座位规划，然而，很少有人坐在这些列车上的中间座位，因为他们感到拥挤和不舒服。

在日本，许多市郊铁路列车采用纵向（靠窗横向）座位，以增加高峰时段的载客量。通常不安排在车厢增加座位容量（尽管一些火车上至少应有一节车厢需配备更多的车门以方便上下车，以及放置可折叠的长座椅，这样在高峰时段可折叠起来提供更多的站立空间），即使乘车距离超过50公里以及必须在火车上站一个多小时的大东京地区的通勤者也不例外。

TextACommuterRailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises1.Whatisthedefinitionofcommuterrail?

2.Whataboutthefareofcommutertrain?3.Whydocommuterrailservicesbecomepopulartoday?Commuterrail,alsocalledsuburbanrail,isapassengerrailtransportservicethatmainlyoperatesbetweenacitycenter,andthemiddletooutersuburbsbeyond15km(10miles)andcommutertownsorotherlocationsthatattractlargenumbersofcommuters—peoplewhotravelonadailybasis.Distancechargesorzonepricingmaybeused.

Thedevelopmentofcommuterrailserviceshasbecomepopulartoday,withtheincreasedpublicawarenessofcongestion,dependenceonfossilfuels,andotherenvironmentalissues,aswellastherisingcostsofowning,operatingandparkingautomobiles.TextACommuterRailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises4.Bywhatkindofcharacteristicsdocommutertrainsdifferfromlightrailorrapidtransit?

Mostcommuter(orsuburban)trainsarebuilttomainlinerailstandards,differingfromlightrailorrapidtransit(metrorail)systemsby:First,beinglarger;Second,providingmoreseatingandlessstandingroom,forthelongerdistancesinvolved;Third,having(inmostcases)alowerfrequencyofservice;Fourth,havingscheduledservices(i.e.trainsrunatspecifictimesinsteaedofatspecificintervals);Fifth,servinglower-densitysuburbanareas,typicallyconnectingsuburbstothecitycenter;Sixth,sharingtrackorright-of-waywithintercityorfreighttrains;Seventh,notfullygradeseparated(containingat-gradecrossingswithcrossinggates).

5.Docommuterrailfollowascheduleornot?Yes.6.Docommuterrailservelowerdensitysuburbanareasorinner-city?Commuterrailservelowerdensitysuburbanareas.TextACommuterRailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises7.Whatistheusualrangeofcommutertrains’distance?

8.Incomparisonwithurbanrailsystem,arethedistancesbetweenstationsofcommuterraillongerorshorter?9.Arethereanytoiletsoncommutertrains?Theusualrangeofcommutertrains'distancevariesbetween15and200

km(10and125miles).Longer.Yes,thereare.10.Whatkindofcharacteristicsdocommutertrainshave?Comparedtointercitytrains,theyhavelessspace,feweramenitiesandlimitedbaggageareas.11.Howmanymultipleunitsdoesthispassagemention?Thispassagementionstwokindsofmultipleunits,thatis,dieselmultipleunitsandelectricmultipleunits.TextACommuterRailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises12.Whataremultipleunits?13.Whyaremultipleunitssofrequentlyusedtoprovidecommuterservices?15.Whatisthemotivepowerforlocomotive-hauledcommutertrains?Multipleunitsareself-propelled,bidirectional,articulatedpassengerrailcarswithdrivingmotorsoneach(oreveryother)bogie.Becausemultipleunitsarealmostalwaysequippedwithcontrolcabsatbothends,whichiswhysuchunitsaresofrequentlyusedtoprovidecommuterservices,owingtotheassociatedshortturn-aroundtime.

14.Whatdoes“push-pullformation”mean?“Push-pullformation”meansthetraincanrunwiththelocomotiveatthe"front"or"rear"ofthetrain(pushingorpulling).Themotivepowerforlocomotive-hauledcommutertrainsmaybeeitherelectricorDiesel-electric,althoughsomecountries,suchasGermanyandsomeoftheformerSoviet-bloccountries,alsousediesel-hydrauliclocomotives.16.WhatkindofseatplanisusedintheUSAandsomeothercountries?IntheUSAandsomeothercountries,athree-and-twoseatplanisused.TextACommuterRailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises17.Whydofewpeoplesitinthemiddleseatonthesecommutertrains?

18.InJapan,whatkindofseatingiswidelyusedinmanycommuterrailtrainstoincreasecapacityinrushhours?Becausetheyfeelcrowdedanduncomfortable.InJapan,longitudinal(sidewayswindow-lining)seatingiswidelyusedinmanycommuterrailtrainstoincreasecapacityinrushhours.

19.DocommutersintheGreaterTokyoArealiketositinthetrain?No,commutersintheGreaterTokyoAreahavetostandinthetrainformorethananhour.TextACommuterRailII.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Exercises1.Commutertrainsoperatefollowingaschedule,atspeedsvaryingfrom

km/hA.40to120B.50to180C.50to200D.60to220

2.

Mostcommutertrainsrunonthelocalgaugetrack.A.standardB.narrowC.broadD.long

DA3.Comparedtointercitytrains,commutertrainshavespace,amenitiesandlimitedbaggageareas.

A.more,moreB.less,fewerC.more,fewerD.less,more

CA

B

4.GermanyandsomeoftheformerSoviet-bloccountriesuselocomotives.A.electricB.dieselC.diesel-electricD.diesel-hydraulic

5.IntheUSAandsomeothercountries,aseatplanisused.A.three-and-twoB.two-and-twoC.longitudinalD.middle.

TextACommuterRailIII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese..Exercises1.Trainsoperatefollowingaschedule,atspeedsvaryingfrom50to200km/h(30to125mph).2.Comparedtorapidtransit(ormetrorail),commuter/suburbanrailhaslowerfrequency,followingascheduleratherthanfixedintervals,andfewerstationsspacedfurtherapart.市郊列车通常包含有动车组，这些车组由自行推进的、双向的、铰接式客运车辆组成，每个(或每隔一个)转向架上都有驱动电机。在日本，许多市郊铁路列车采用纵向（靠窗横向）座位，以增加高峰时段的载客量。3.Theusualrangeofcommutertrains'distancevariesbetween15and200

km(10and125miles).列车按照时刻表运行，速度从50到200公里/小时(30到125英里/小时)不等。

与快速交通(或地铁)相比，通勤/市郊铁路的服务频率更低，有特定的发车时间表而不是每隔一段时间开出，车站间距离更大。

通勤列车一般的行走距离为15至200公里(10到125英里)之间。

4.

Commuterrailtrainsarecommonlycomposedofmultipleunits,whichareself-propelled,bidirectional,articulatedpassengerrailcarswithdrivingmotorsoneach(oreveryother)bogie.5.InJapan,longitudinal(sidewayswindow-lining)seatingiswidelyusedinmanycommuterrailtrainstoincreasecapacityinrushhours.TextACommuterRailIV.Summarywriting.ExercisesInnotmorethan80wordsgiveanaccountofth