2025届高考英语一轮复习考点30阅读理解细节理解题考点归纳

考点30阅读理解细微环节理解题高考频度：★★★★★在历年高考阅读理解中，对细微环节理解类题型的考查同往年一样，依旧占了较大的比例，全国及各省、市均有对此题型的考查，无一例外。细微环节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细微环节进行理解。它们大都是依据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、缘由、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中干脆找到答案，有些则须要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非推断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2.以是非题的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3.以Accordingto…开头提问方式；4.以填空题的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.5.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细微环节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏肯定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培育自己快速获得信息的实力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可实行“带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地分辨和记忆事实或细微环节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中找寻与此问题相关的段落、语句．细致品尝，比照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用解除法．将“无此细微环节”和“与此细微环节相反”的选项解除。了解细微环节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般状况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相像，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细微环节理解题只要干脆分辨不要求读者对客观的事实作出说明或推断，只要求从阅读材料中干脆获得信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细微环节，在必要的时候（做推断、推断或结论的时候）能够精确而快速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，干脆得出答案，但要留意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细微环节理解题就须要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获得信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细微环节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的推断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此须要我们在阅读中特殊细致才能捕获到真正有用的信息。细微环节理解题大致有如下几种常考题型：题型一描写类细微环节题描写类细微环节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事务的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较干脆，一般不太须要考生对它们进行较深化的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较干脆地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。【2024·全国卷I，B】Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人沉醉的),anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortázar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?A.It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B.It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C.It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.【答案与解析】25.B事实细微环节题依据第三段...it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis…anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.可知，《流淌的盛宴》(AMoveableFeast)是海明威回忆年轻时在巴黎的生活的自传。题型二信息找寻题、广告阅读题信息找寻题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时辰表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息特别全面，能满意各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾细致阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采纳“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后依据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速找寻有效信息。广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速找寻信息题。但是广告有着其他快速找寻信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细微环节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必需具备较强的语言运用实力，熟识文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推想等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推想法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采纳“题干定向法”。（1）补全成分法省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加精确地理解。如：Driverwanted.依据文义，可将该句补充为：Adriverwillbewanted.(聘请一名司机)。（2）联想推想法在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就须要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。为节约篇幅，特殊是在商业广告中，常运用缩写词，尽管有些缩写不太规范，但却常用，常见的缩写词有：Tel.=telephonenumberPh.=phoneAdd(r).=addressco.=companyLtd=LimitedMax=maximumMin=minimumhr=hourt=timefig=figureft=footml=miledoz=dozenMt=MountainP=pageprof.=professorDr.=doctors=southn=northw=westSta=Stationpop=popularvs=versusXmas=Christmasinfo=informationVIP=veryimportantpersonshrs=hoursaft=afterad=advertisementp/t=parttimeexp=experiencedPC=personalcomputerMA=MasterofArtsBSdegree=bachelor'sdegree(学士学位)【2024·全国卷I，A】TrainInformationAllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall13-12-30.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.Lostproperty(失物招领)CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation.PublicholidaysOnpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays,i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable.Beforetravelpleasevisittranslink.auorcallTransLinkon13-12-30anytime.CustomersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance,pleasecallQueenslandRailon13-16-17.Guardiantrains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsityLakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsityLakes8:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVarsityLakes12:22am21.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?A.Call131617.B.Visittranslink.au.C.Askatthelocalstation.D.Checkthetrainschedule.22.Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A.Altandi.B.RomaStreet.C.VarsityLakes.D.FortitudeValley.23.WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?A.6:42pm.B.7:29pm.C.8:57pm.D.11:02pm.【答案与解析】21.C事实细微环节题依据第一段Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.可知答案。22.B事实细微环节题依据Lostproperty中的ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation.可知答案。23.B事实细微环节题依据Guardiantrains(outbound)中的题型三数据计算题此类试题一般要求考生能依据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简洁，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目困难用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采纳“列表法”，即按肯定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清楚，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太困难的数据，可采纳“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简洁的运算就可得出。【2024·黑龙江工农鹤岗一中高三开学考试，A】MagicalHistoryTourJoinusforourfifthannualexplorationoffascinatinghistoricsitesaroundGreaterPortlandthatyou’veneverseenormaybedidn’tevenknowexisted!TheMagicalHistoryTourisyourkeytounlockingfascinatinghistoricalplacesthatarenotusuallyopentothepublic.Itisaself-guidedadventureguaranteedtoamazeandamusebothadultsandchildren.Equippedwithamap，andatyourownpace，youwillbegreetedbyguidesateachlocationreadytosharethehistoryofthetourstop.Inthe5thyearoftheMagicalHistoryTour，wewillbepresentinganexcitingmixofbothnewsitesandfavoritesfromthepastfouryears.TheMagicalHistoryTourcheckinbeginsat9:45amatMaineHistoricalSociety’sBrownLibrary.Atthistime，youwillfindoutwherethetourwilltakeyouasyoureceiveyourmapandticketintoeachsite.FollowusonFacebook，Twitter，andInstagramforupdates，chancestowinticketsandsomeotherexcitingopportunities；andfeelfreetoshareyourtourexperiencestooursocialmediapagesusing#MHStour!●Time:10:00am—4:00pm，Saturday，May11，2024●Location:485CongressStreet●Tickets:Getyourticketsonline，bycallingusat207-774-1822，orbyvisitingourMuseumStoreat489CongressStreet.$25／AdultMHSMember；$35／AdultGeneralAdmission；$5／Juniorsunderage18.●Volunteering:WeneedvolunteersfortheMagicalHistoryTour!Volunteershelpforhalfthedayofthetourandaregivenafreetickettothetourtoenjoyeitherbeforeoraftertheirvolunteershift!Formoreinformation，emailusatevents@mainehistoryorgorcallusat207-774-1822.22．Howmuchshouldacouple(oneisMHSMember)andakidpay?A．$55. B．$65. C．$75. D．$105.【答案】22．B【解析】22．细微环节理解题。依据Tickets部分中Getyourticketsonline，bycallingusat207-774-1822，orbyvisitingourMuseumStoreat489CongressStreet.$25／AdultMHSMember；$35／AdultGeneralAdmission；$5／Juniorsunderage18.可知一对其中一个是MHS成员的夫妻和一个孩子须要付：25+35+5=65美元。故选B。题型四排序题这种试题要求考生依据事情发生的先后依次和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事务的正确依次。做此类题目可采纳＂首尾定位法＂，即先找出第一个事务和最终一个事务，这样可以快速缩小选择范围，从而快速找到答案。阅读理解的文章假如是记叙文，排序题通常以事务发生的时间为线索；假如是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后依次为线索；假如是争论文，排序题通常以逻辑依次为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。Afewyearsago,myhusbandandIwereonanislandforaweekwithourtwolittledaughters.Aswetalkedaboutwhattodonext,ourdaughtersjumpedinandtoldusexactlywhattheywantedtodo.Weagreed.AssoonaswewalkedintothemainareaofButterflyMuseum,wesawthousandsofbeautifulbutterflies.Theyallflewwiththeircolorfulwings.Mygirlswerejumpingupanddown.AndIknewwehadmadetherightdecisiontocometothemuseum.Theywerehavingsomuchfun.Iturnedtoourguideandaskedcuriously，“Howlongdobutterflieslive?”shesaid,“Abouttendays.”"Whatcanbutterfliesdointendays?”Theguidestopped,lookedatmeandsaid,“Theymaketheworldamorebeautifulplace.”Afterwesaidgoodbye,Icouldn'tstopthinkingaboutwhattheguidehadsaid.Shewasright.Weallhavesomethingtooffertheworld.Ifweallspendtimedoingwhatwecandoforothers,wecanmaketheworldabetterplace.5．Whichisthepropertimeorderofwhathappened?a.ThegirlsenjoyedthemselvesinButterflyMuseum.b.MyhusbandandItalkedaboutwhattodonext.c.Theguidetoldmehowthebutterfliesspenttheirlife.d.Ikeptthinkingabouttheguide’swords.A．b→a→c→d B．a→b→d→cC．a→d→b→c D．a→b→c→d【答案】5．A【解析】5．细微环节理解题。本文是细微环节题中的排序题，依据第一段可知作者和丈夫在探讨接下来做什么，孩子建议我们去蝴蝶博物馆，在那里她们玩得很快乐，作者问向导蝴蝶的有关状况，向导告知作者蝴蝶一生就是让这个世界更为漂亮，我始终在思索向导说的话，给了我启示。故A项正确。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可实行“带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。题型五图文转换题此类试题要求依据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或依据图形选出相应的文字。可采纳“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，快速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。TheHomeofMyPeopleWhenLewisandClarksteppedontotheWeippePrairieinpresent-dayIdahoinSeptember1808,theymettheNezPerceIndians.Inthefollowingyears,thewhiteexplorers（探险者）begantofightwiththeIndiansfortheirland.SomeNezPercechiefssignedagreementswiththeU.S.government,sellingpartoftheirlands.Butthegovernmentalwaysbrokethoseagreementsanddemandedmoreland.Otherchiefsrefusedtogoalongwiththegovernment’splans.ThemostfamouswasChiefJoseph,whosepeoplelivedintheWallowaValley（present-dayOregon）.“Inordertohaveallpeopleunderstandhowmuchlandweowned,”heonceexplained,“myfatherplantedpolesarounditandsaid:‘Insideisthehomeofmypeople…Itcircledaroundthegraves（坟墓）ofourfathers,andwewillnevergiveupthesegravestoanyman.’”Butin1874,theU.S.governmentdeclaredthevalleyopenforwhitesettlementandorderedtheNezPerceontoareservation（保留地）.Seeingthatresistancewasuseless,ChiefJosephagreedtomove.Later,fightingbrokeoutbetweentheNezPerceandU.S.soldiers.ChiefJosephtriedtoleadhispeopletoCanada,winningseveralbattlesagainstthesoldiersduringtheirflight.Butfinally,hewasforcedtogivein.1.Whichhistoricsite（onthemap）liesinthesouthoftoday’sNezPerceReservation?A.BuffaloEddy.B.DugBar.C.JosephCanyonViewpoint.D.ChiefLookingGlassCamp.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheNezPercelandsfromthemap?A.TheywereinthestateofOregon.B.Theyhavebecomeahistoricsite.C.Theyhavebecomemuchsmaller.D.TheywerelimitedtotheWallowaValley.【答案与解析】1.D此题考查学生的图示理解实力。首先要找到并标出现在NezPerceReservation所在的位置，然后找到它以南的历史景点。可以看到ChiefLookingGlasscamp位于NezPerceReservation的南部。2.C从地图中我们可以看到，NezPerce原先所拥有的土地比现在NezPerce保留区的位置大多了。6．代词指代题解题技能代词指代题要求考生肯定的上下文推想代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较困难的状况下运用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【2024·山东威海高三二模，B】ThewayJasonMomoadescribesHawaii’sbelovedinactivevolcano,MaunaKea,makesyouunderstandwhyit’sconsideredsacred(神圣的)."It’skindoftheumbilicalcord(脐带)toearth,"theactortellsCNN."Youknow,ifyouthinkabouttheHawaiianislands,that’sthebiggestmountainintheworld,right?Allthewayup.SoMaunaKeaisthemostsacred.Wecallitthebellybutton,too.That’slikeourbirthplace.That’showourislandswereformed.Sohowcanthatnotbesacred?"Hewouldknow.Jason,anativeofHawaii,hashadanear-constantpresencetherewhenhe’snotworking,fightingwithlocalprotestorstostoptheconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope,orTMT,whichwoulddrilldirectlyintothemountainandinvadeitspreciouswatersupply.Sofar,protestorshavesuccessfullyblockedtheonlyroadcrewsseekingtogoupthemountaininordertobuildthebillion-dollarobservatory."Itstartedin2024.What’shappeningovertherewasjustnotright,"Jasonsays."AndIwentovertheretomeetwitheveryonetobringthepointtotheworld."Jasonjoinstheprotestswhenhecan.Hecaredsodeeplyaboutthepreservationofthelandthatwhenhehadsparetimetolendhissupport,hewasthere."Youalsohavetoremember,that’sourwatersource.Sohavingan18-storybuildingbuiltontopofthetallestmountainfromthesealevelonourwaterlevelisterrible."TheGameofThronesstarsayshefeelsthemovementisworkinganddescribinghispartinitasacallingtodowhathefeelsrightinhissoul."There’smassiveprogressthat’sbringingourpeopletogether,"hesays,adding,"IthinktherearealotofproblemsinHawaii.Therearealotofthingsthathavehappenedinourhistory,alotofinjustice,andsowe’reshiningalightonit.PeoplelikemyselforDwayneJohnson,BrunoMarsaretryingtospreadtheconcernallaroundtheworld.FormysoulIneedtobethere."25．Whatdoes“It”refertoinParagraph4?A．TheprojectofbuildingTMT. B．Theeventofblockingtheroadcrews.C．TheshootingofGameofThrones. D．Themovementofpreservingtheland.【答案】25．A【解析】25．词义揣测题。此题猜it的意思，it是对上文事物的指代。依据上文Jason,anativeofHawaii,hashadanear-constantpresencetherewhenhe’snotworking,fightingwithlocalprotestorstostoptheconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope,orTMT,whichwoulddrilldirectlyintothemountainandinvadeitspreciouswatersupply.可知杰森是夏威夷人，在他不工作的时候，他几乎常常出现在那里，与当地的抗议者战斗，以阻挡30米望远镜TMT的建设，TMT将干脆钻到山上，并侵入山上珍贵的水源。所以这里的it指代的是TMT项目的建设。故此题选A。题组一（2024年高考真题）Passage1(2024·新课标II卷，A)TheLakeDistrictAttractionsGuideDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensHistory,Culture&Landscape(景观).Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebratedandaward-winninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometotheInternationalMarmaladeFestival.Giftsandantiques,plantsales,museums&MediaevalHallTearoom.Open:29Mar-29Oct，SuntoThurs.Tearoom，Gardens&GiftShop:10:30-17:00(16:00inOct).House:11:15-16:00(15:00inOct)Town:PooleyBridge&PenrithAbbotHallartGallery&MuseumThoseviewingthequalityofAbbotHall’stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacitygallery.TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.Open:MontoSatandSummerSundays.10:30-17:00Sumner.10:30-16:00Winter.Town:KendalTullieHouseMuseum&ArtGalleryDiscover,exploreandenjoyaward-winningTullieHouse,wherehistoriccollections,contemporaryartandfamilyfunarebroughttogetherinoneimpressivemuseumandartgallery.Therearefourfantasticgalleriestovisitfromfinearttointeractivefun,sothere’ssomethingforeveryone!Open:HighSeason1Apr–31Oct:MontoSat10:00–17:00,Sun11:00–17:00.LowSeason1Nov–31Mar:MontoSat10:00–16:30,Sun12:00–16:30.Town:CarlisleDoveCottage&ThewordsworthMuseumDiscoverWilliamWordsworth’sinspirationalhome.TakeatourofhisLakelandcottage,walkthroughhishillsidegardenandexploretherichesofthecollectionintheMuseum.Visittheshopandrelaxinthecafé.Exhibitions,eventsandfamilyactivitiesthroughouttheyear.Open:Daily,09:30–17:30(lastadmission17:00).Town:Grasmere21．WhenistheHouseatDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensopenonSundaysinJuly?A．09:30-17:30. B．10:30-16:00. C．11:15-16:00. D．12:00-16:3022．WhatcanvisitorsdoatAbbotHallArtGallery&Museum?A．EnjoyRonney’sworks.B．Havesomeinteractivefun.C．Attendafamousfestival.D．Learnthehistoryofafamily23．WhereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoexploreWordsworth’slife?A．Penrith. B．Kendal. C．Carlisle. D．Grasmere.Passage2(2024·新课标II卷，B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.24．Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A．Buildingconfidence. B．Developingspatialskills.C．Learningself-control. D．Gaininghigh-techknowledge.25．WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A．Parents’age. B．Children’simagination.C．Parents’education. D．Child-parentrelationship.26．Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A．Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B．Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C．Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D．Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Amathematicalmethod. B．Ascientificstudy.C．Awomanpsychologist D．Ateachingprogram.Passage3(2024·新课标III卷，C)Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.28．WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A．Nick. B．Rita. C．Kathryn D．Thedaughters.29．WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A．Positive. B．Carefree. C．Tolerant. D．Unwilling.30．Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A．Familytraditions. B．Financialreports. C．Publishedstatistics. D．Publicopinions.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B．Conflictsbetweengenerations.C．AhousingprobleminBritain. D．ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.Passage4(2024·新课标I卷，C)Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.28．Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A．Theymustrunlongdistances.B．Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C．Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D．Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.29．Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A．It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B．It’slesschallengingphysically.C．It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D．It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30．WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A．Gettingexperts’opinions.B．Havingamedicalcheckup.C．Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D．Doingregularexercises.31．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A．Skeptical. B．Objective.C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.题组二（2024年高考真题）Passage1(2024·新课标II卷，A)【2024·全国卷I，A】NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthisprogram.Whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区).SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18. B.15-24. C.15-29. D.16-17.23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth. B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram. D.SummerEmploymentOp