全国用高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题一阅读理解第三节题组练习6社会文化讲义

题组6社会文化专题一阅读理解第三节题组训练A(2017·第三次全国大联考)AskanyAmericanwhathe/sheisdoingonSunday，February7andtheanswerislikelytobeeitherhostingorattendingaSuperBowlParty.PlayedforthetitleoftheNationalFootballLeagueChampion，SuperBowlisthemostwatchedannualtelevisionprogramintheUnitedStates.That’sbecauseSuperBowlwhichiscelebratingitsGoldenAnniversarythisyear，ismorethanjusta60-minutefootballgame—itisawell-designedproductionthatfeatureshalf-timeperformances，fireworksshowsandtelevisionadsthatpeoplediscussfordays.Butmostimportantofall，itisthedaytosetasidealldietsandenjoyfoodsonewouldnormallyavoidoratleastnotconsumeatthesametime.Itshould，therefore，comeasnosurprisethatSuperBowlSundayisoneofthebiggestfoodconsumptiondaysintheUS—secondonlytoThanksgiving.Thenoshingwillstartearlyintheday，longbeforematchesbeginandcontinuelongafterthe2016NFLChampionshaveretiredtocelebrate.Asaresult，itisestimatedthatonSunday，thenationwillconsume1.2millionpoundsofpotatochips，8.2millionpoundsoftortillachips,3.8millionpoundsofpopcornand3millionpoundsofnuts.Whentherealhungerpainsstarttohit，theywillseekoutcomfortfoods.Notsurprisingly，pizzatopsthelist.Chickenwingsarealsoverypopular.Itisestimatedthatalmost1.3billionwingswillbeconsumedonSuperBowlSunday.Otherfavoritesincludebacon，hotdogsandburgers.Butthefoodconsumptionisnotwithoutconsequences.Datareleasedindicatesthatantacid(解酸药)salesincreaseby20%ontheMondayfollowingthebiggame.Additionally，oversevenmillionAmericanscallinsick.ItisnowonderthatfanshavebeenurgingthegovernmenttodeclareSuperBowlMondayaholiday.语篇解读语篇解读一年一度的美国超级橄榄球杯大赛不仅是全美收视率最高的电视节目，而且超级碗星期天也是美国单日食品消费量最高的节日之一，食品消费量仅次于感恩节。1.WhydoesSuperBowlbecomethemostpopulartelevisionprogram?A.Itisthelongestfootballgame.B.Itishostedbyfamousfilmstars.C.Itcontainsthemostwonderfulads.D.Itinvolvesvariousperformances.解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“itisawell-designedproductionthatfeatureshalf-timeperformances，fireworksshowsandtelevisionadsthatpeoplediscussfordays”可知选D。√答案解析23142.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“noshing”inParagraph4?A.Playing. B.Eating.C.Competing. D.Resting.解析词义猜测题。前后段均介绍在超级橄榄球杯大赛期间食品的消费情况，由此判断选B。√答案解析23143.Whichcomfortfoodisconsumedthemost?A.Hotdogs. B.Pizza.C.Nuts. D.Chickenwings.解析细节理解题。根据第六段前两句“Whentherealhungerpainsstarttohit，theywillseekoutcomfortfoods.Notsurprisingly，pizzatopsthelist.”可知选B。√答案解析23144.WhatbadresultmightSuperBowlSundayleadto?A.Lotsoffoodiswasted.B.Publicdisorderiscaused.C.Somepeoplehaveanupsetstomach.D.Manypeoplelosetheirwork.解析推理判断题。根据末段中“Datareleasedindicatesthatantacid(解酸药)salesincreaseby20%ontheMondayfollowingthebiggame.Additionally，oversevenmillionAmericanscallinsick.”可知人们会因为毫无顾忌地大吃大喝而生病。故选C。√答案解析2314B(2017·福建师大附中期中)Thewalletisheadingforextinction.Asaday-to-dayessential，itwilldieoffwiththegenerationwhoreadprintnewspapers.Thekindofshopping，whereyouhandovernotesandcountoutchangeinreturn，nowhappensonlyinthemostminorofourretailers(零售商)，likebuyingabarofchocolateorapintofmilkfromacornershop.Attheshopswhereyouspendanyrealmoney，thatmoneyisincreasinglyabstracted.Andthisismoreandmoretrue,thehigherupthescaleyougo.Atthemostcutting-edge(前沿的)retailstores，VictoriaBeckhamonDoverStreet，forinstance，youdon’tgoandstandatanykindofcashregisterwhenyoudecidetopay.ThestaffareequippedwithiPadstotakeyourpaymentwhileyourelaxonasofa.Acrosssociety，theabstractionoftheideaofcashmakesmeuneasy.MaybeI’mjustold-fashioned.Butearningmoneyisn’tquickoreasyformostofus.Isn’titabitweird(怪异)thatspendingitshouldhappeninhalfablink(眨眼)ofaneye？Doesn’tawallet—thattime-honoredFriday-nightfeelingofpleasing，promisingfatness—representsomethingthatmatters?ButI’llleavetheeconomicstotheexperts.Whatbothersmeaboutthedeathofthewalletisthechangeitrepresentsinourphysicalenvironment.Everythingaboutthelookandfeelofawallet，thewaythematerialswearandtearandloosenwithage，theplasticandpaperandgoldandsilver，andhandwrittenphonenumbersandprintedcinematickets，istheveryoppositeofwhatourworldisbecoming.TheoppositeofawalletisasmartphoneoraniPad.Theroundededges，coolglass，smoothandunknowableasapebble(鹅卵石).Insteadofdiggingthroughpiecesofpaper，wemoveourfingersleftandright.Nomorecountingoutcoins.Showyourwallet,ifyoustillhaveone.Itmaynotbeheremuchlonger.语篇解读语篇解读文章叙述了现代社会，人们的支付方式逐步电子化，传统的钱包正走向消失。作者对于这种现象所代表的社会发展趋势感到不安。5.Whatishappeningtothewallet?A.Itisdisappearing.B.Itisbecomingcostly.C.Itisbeingfattened.D.Itischanginginstyle.解析细节理解题。由文章首句“Thewalletisheadingforextinction.”可知，钱包正在消失。故选A。√答案解析6756.Whatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortablenowadays?A.Savingmoneyisbecomingathingofthepast.B.ThepleasingFriday-nightfeelingisfading.C.Spendingmoneyissofastandeasy.D.Earningmoneyisgettingmoredifficult.解析细节理解题。由文章第二段前四句可知，金钱概念的抽象化使作者不安，挣钱不容易但在瞬间就会花掉很多钱。故选C。√答案解析6757.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthor?A.Heisresistanttosocialchanges.B.Heisagainsttechnologicalprogress.C.Hewantstosaygoodbyetothetraditionalwallet.D.Hefeelsinsecureintheever-changingmodernworld.解析推理判断题。本文主要叙述了传统的钱包在消失，人们的支付方式在发生巨大的变化，作者对于不断改变的社会感到不安。故选D项。√答案解析675C(2017·贵州遵义航天高级中学五模)EveryyearinAmerica，high-schoolstudentswhowanttogotocollegetakeanationalexaminationcalledtheScholasticAptitudeTest，orSATinashortenedway.Theirscoreisanimportantfactorindeterminingwhichcollegeswilladmitthemorwhetheranywillbeadmittedatall.TheScholasticAptitudeTestmeasuresone’smathematicalabilityanduseoftheEnglishlanguage.Traditionally，theEnglishpartinvolvedgrammaticalquestionsandparagraphsthattestreadingcomprehension.ButtheSATfolkshaveaddedasinglequestion，tobeansweredinanessay，hand-writtenonthespot.That’saninterestingwaytotestwritingability，butcontentaside，haveyoueverseenyoungpeople’shandwritinglately？Oranyone’sforthatmatter，inthisageofcomputerkeyboards？Studentswritenumbersandsigntheirnamesonbankchecks.They

scribbleclassnotesinwhatcangenerouslybedescribedasthewrittenword.Yettoday’skidsareaskedtowrite，thoughtfullyandclearly，forseveralminutesonthisSATTest.Goodlucktothetextscorerswhomustworkoutdifficultlythescrawl(潦草的字迹)ofyoungpeoplewho’vebeentypingoncomputerssincetheageofthree！Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelpone’sscoreontheSAT，butalso，lateroninlife，impresspotentialemployers.Anddon’tforget，weallhavetoturntohandwritingfromtimetotime，ascomputersgodownwhenpowergoesout.Thenhowtoimprovethehandwriting？Well，withafewsimplestepsyoucanimproveyourhandwriting.Positionthepen.Youshouldholdthepenbetweentheforefingerandthethumb，thenrestitnearthefirstknuckle(指节)ofthemiddlefinger.Therestofyourfingersshouldbecurled(卷曲)underyourhandandyourhandshouldremainrelaxed.Evaluateyourwriting.Makechangestoyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook.Takeyourtime.Speedisboundtomakeyourwritingmessy-looking.Practice.Practiceitalot;it’snotenoughtodoitonceandhopeforthebest.Ithastobesomethingyouworkattomakegreatimprovements.语篇解读文章由SAT考试增加书面表达，引入话题——当前学生不注重书写。此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯。语篇解读8.Theunderlinedword“scribble”inParagraph2probablymeans“

”.A.writequicklyandroughlyB.typesimplyandcorrectlyC.paintclearlyandneatlyD.describeproperlyandwell解析词义猜测题。由“...haveyoueverseenyoungpeople’shandwritinglately？Oranyone’sforthatmatter，inthisageofcomputerkeyboards？Studentswritenumbersandsigntheirnamesonbankchecks.”可推知学生在课堂上记笔记非常潦草。故选A。√答案解析9108119.AccordingtoParagraph3，studentswithgoodhandwritingskill

.A.canpasstheSATB.candevelopgoodcharactersC.canimpresstheirclassmatesD.cangetmorejobopportunities解析细节理解题。由该段第三句“Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelpone’sscoreontheSAT，butalso，lateroninlife，impresspotentialemployers.”可知选D。√答案解析91081110.Whichofthefollowingshouldyouavoidwhenimprovingyourhandwriting?A.Practicingwritingalot.B.Writingasfastasyoucan.C.Relaxingyourhandwhenholdingthepen.D.Changingyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook.解析细节理解题。根据最后四段的内容可知B项是书写时应该避免的。故选B。√答案解析91081111.Thetextistopresentthefactthat

.A.writingseemstobeveryimportantintheSATB.thosewhowillgotocollegehavetotaketheSATC.studentsshouldpracticehandwritingmoreoftenD.kidsdon’tknowhowtowriteinthecomputerage解析推理判断题。文章由SAT考试增加书面表达，引入话题——当前学生不注重书写。此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯。故选C。√答案解析910811D(2017·贵州遵义航天高级中学四模)Fightingracialstereotypes(模式化)onUScampusesoftenbeginsbyputtingstudentsofdifferentethnicbackgroundstogether—underonedormitoryroof.SamBoakyewasafreshmanatOhioStateUniversityandtheonlyblackstudentonhisfloor.Hewasdeterminedtogetgoodgrades—inparttomakesurehiswhiteroommatehadnobasisfornegativeracialviews.“You’repushedtodobetter，tochallengethestereotypethatblackpeoplearenotthatsmart，”hetoldtheNew

York

Times.Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthathavingaroommateofadifferentracecanreduceprejudice(偏见)，diversify(使多样化)friendshipsandevenpromotestudents’academicperformance.InastudybyOhioStatepsychologyprofessorRussellFazio，blackfreshmenwhocametocollegewithhightestscoresearnedbettergradesiftheyhadawhiteroommate—eveniftheroommate’stestscoreswerelow.AnotherstudyonstudentinteractionbyDukeUniversitysuggeststhatfreshmenwithroommatesofadifferentracewerethemostlikelytodiversifytheirfriendships.“Justhavingdiversityinclassroomsdoesn’tdoanythingtoincreaseinterracialfriendships,”saidClaudiaBuchman，anauthoroftheDukestudy.“Butlivingtogetherwithadifferent-raceroommatedoesleadtomoreinterracialfriendships.”

Thereare，however，someproblemswithsuchroomassignments.Fazio’sstudyfoundthatthreetimesasmanyrandomly(随机地)assignedinterracialroommatesweren’tlivingtogetherattheendofthesemester，comparedwithwhiteroommates.Interracialroommatesalsospentlesstimetogether，hadfewerjointactivitiesandwerelessinvolvedwitheachother’sfriendsthanwhitepairs.AsforBoakye，thisisnotthecase.“Alotofwhitestudentscomewithoutmuchexposure(暴露)todiversity，sowhentheirfirstinteractionwithablackguyisn’tbad，theywillmakemoreblackfriends.IthinkImadeagoodimpressiononmyfreshmanroommate.Isawhimthisyear，andhesaid，‘Heydude，you’renottheonlyblackfriendIhave.’Thatfeltgood.”

语篇解读美国大学校园为了抵制种族模式化，专门把不同种族文化背景的人放在同一个寝室里，这样做经过研究后发现利大于弊。语篇解读12.HavingaroommateofadifferentracecanhavethefollowingbenefitsEXCEPT

.A.makingmorefriendsB.reducingprejudiceC.earningbettergradesD.improvingphysicalhealth解析细节理解题。根据第二、三段的描述可知A、B、C三项都有提及，唯一没提到的是D项。故选D。√答案解析1314121513.SamBoakyewasdeterminedtogetgoodgradespartlybecause

.A.hewantedtoprovehewasasmartboyB.heintendedtopleasehisparentsC.hewishedtoearnthescholarshipD.hewantedtoshowblackpeopleareassmartaswhitepeople解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“‘You’repushedtodobetter，tochallengethestereotypethatblackpeoplearenotthatsmart，’hetoldtheNew

York

Times.”可知他是想证明他跟白人一样聪明。故选D。

√答案解析1314121514.WecanconcludethatBoakye

.A.gotalongwellwithhiswhiteroommateB.sharedfewerjointactivitieswithhiswhiteroommateC.hadanegativeattitudetowardshiswhiteroommateD.isstilllivingtogetherwithhisfreshmanwhiteroommate解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“IthinkImadeagoodimpressiononmyfreshmanroommate.Isawhimthisyear，andhesaid，‘Heydude，you’renottheonlyblackfriendIhave.’Thatfeltgood.”可知，他跟室友相处得很好。故选A。√答案解析1314121515.The4thparagraphismainlyabout

.A.theinterracialfriendshipB.someproblemswithhavinganinterracialroommateC.somecommentsontheinterracialroommatesD.theinteractionbetweentheblackstudentandthewhitestudent解析段落大意题。该段主要是讲不同种族文化的学生在一个寝室产生的问题。故选B。√答案解析13141215Ⅰ.单词梳理1.HespeaksEnglishasthoughhewerean

(America).2.Industryandagriculturearethetwoimportantsectorsofthe________(nation)economy.3.Thehotelhadagrand

(celebrate)foritsopening.4.Proposaliseasierthan

(perform).5.Thepatientbegantobreathe

(normal).6.Shegavethelidafewtapsto

(loose)it.Americannationalcelebrationperformancenormallyloosen以上语篇训练之素材提炼再拓展7.I’veaskedhimto

(short)mytrousers.8.Shehasthe

(able)tokeepcalminanemergency.9.Anewlawhasbeenbroughtintodiscourage

(race)prejudice.10.Hergentlenesshasgivenmeadeep

(impress).shortenabilityracialimpression______________________________________________________________________________________________________________留出；把……放置一旁同时；然而找出；搜出前往；出发inreturnonthespotbedescr