全国用高考英语大一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions讲义新人教版选修

InventorsandinventionsBook8Unit3晨背佳作积累素材话题词汇1.breakthroughn.突破；重大进展2.conveniencen.便利；方便3.electronicadj.电子的4.intelligentadj.智能的5.inventionn.发明；创造6.technicaladj.技术的；工艺的7.beinthelead领先8.followthefashion追随时尚9.inthefieldofscience在科学领域10.withthedevelopmentof随着……的发展话题佳作

假设你是李华，你的朋友Jim来信询问有关车轮的情况。请你根据下表所提供的信息给他写一封回信，简要介绍车轮的发明及其影响，并谈一谈你对车轮的看法。最早出现时间大约6500年前最早出现地点亚洲发展由仅用于运输重物发展为用于轮式车辆；由木制发展为钢制影响使人可以快速搬动大大超过自身重量的物体；促成多种技术的发展与进步佳作欣赏DearJim，

I’mhappytoreceiveyourletter.NowI’dliketotalkaboutthewheel.Researchershaveprovedthatthefirstwheelwasinventedabout6,500yearsagoinAsia.Atfirst，itwasonlyatoolinventedtohelppeopletransportheavythingstillitbecameapartofavehicle.Thematerialofmakingthewheelhaschangedfromwoodtosteel.It

notonlymakesitpossibleforpeopletomovethethingsmuchheavierthanthemselvesquicklybutalsohelpswiththedevelopmentofseveralkindsoftechnologies.Ibelievetheinventionofthewheelalsomakesthedevelopmentofhumansocietyfaster.

Bestwishes!Yours，LiHua名师点睛

本文结构如下：1.指出说明对象——车轮的发明。2.围绕要点进行说明：(1)最早出现的时间及地点；(2)制作材料与用途的发展变化；(3)对世界的影响。3.个人评价。文中不仅出现了宾语从句、时间状语从句、过去分词短语作定语、it作形式宾语等复杂句式，还使用了atfirst，notonly...butalso等过渡性词汇，使文章条理清晰，读起来更加流畅。基础排查点拨要点语篇训练提升能力内容索引教材升华综合运用基础排查点拨要点A.写作必记单词1.convenientadj.便利的；方便的；就近的(1)Pleasecometomyassistanceif

isconvenientforyou.(填代词)→Pleasecometomyassistance

.(同义句转换)(2)Theofficeisfurnishedwithallmodern

(便利设施).2.

adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的重点单词1itatyourconvenienceconveniencespassive3.seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺；(疾病)侵袭(1)Thechild

alightfever.

这个孩子有点发烧。(2)Heseizedthepickpocket

thecollar.(填介词)4.

n.文件；档案；文件夹

vt.提交；将……归档5.freezingadj.冰冻的；严寒的

cold极冷的

hot炽热的wasseizedwithbyfilefreezingburning6.bearvt.忍受；忍耐；负担(1)Hecan’tbear

(laugh)at.(2)

(记住)thatsuccesscomesfromhardwork.7.currentn.(水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的

n.货币；通货beinglaughed/tobelaughedBearinmindcurrency8.associatevt.联想；联系 n.同伴；伙伴Hewasassociatedwiththemurder，sohewasarrested.(同义句转换)→

withthemurder，hewasarrested.→

himselfwiththemurder，hewasarrested.9.practicaladj.实际的；实践的；实用的

vt.&vi.&n.实践；练习AssociatedAssociatingpracticeB.阅读识记单词10.distinguishvi.&

vt.

(1)distinguishedadj.

(2)Distinguished

hisknowledgeofeconomics，hewaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.(填介词)(3)It’simportanttodistinguishright

wrong.(填介词)11.mercifuladj.

mercy出于仁慈

themercyof任由……摆布showmercy

/havemercy

同情……

显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别卓越的；杰出的；著名的；高贵的；有尊严的forfrom宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的outofattoon12.productn.

producevt.

13.abruptadj.

adv.突然地；唐突地14.cautionn.

(1)cautiousadj.

(2)

caution小心地产品生产突然的；意外的abruptly小心；谨慎小心的；谨慎的with15.expectationn.

(1)

one’sexpectation出乎某人的预料(2)Peopleselectnews

(期望；等待)areward.(2015·江苏)16.merryadj.

merrilyadv.

17.validadj.

18.ripeadj.

预料；期待；期望beyondinexpectationof愉快的；高兴的高兴地；愉快地有效的；确凿的熟的；成熟的19.identificationn.

identifyvt.

identifiedadj.

20.innocentadj.

innocencen.

21.dynamicadj.

22.tapvt.&vi.

n.

鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明确认；识别；鉴别被识别的；经鉴定的清白的；无罪的；天真的清白；无罪；天真充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的轻打；轻拍；轻敲轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头23.stableadj.

stabilityn.

24.extensionn.

25.competencen.

competentadj.

稳固的；稳定的；安定的稳定；安定；稳定性电话分机；扩大；延伸能力；胜任；本领能胜任的；有能力的；称职的1.

给……打电话ring

回复电话ring

挂断电话2.

偶尔；有时3.

开始(做)；着手(做)

开始(做)4.

迅速把手伸入；一心投入高频短语2callupbackoffnowandthensetabout(doing)setout(todo)diveinto5.

不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住hang

挂断电话6.

次序颠倒；发生故障

order按顺序；井然有序7.

设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过hangonupoutoforderingetthrough1.

，Idecidedonthreepossibleap-

proaches：...

经过一番研究准备之后，我决定了三种可能的方法：……2.But

，theytriedtobiteme.

但是它们一旦被捡起来，就试图咬我。经典句式3Preparedwithsomeresearchfindingsoncepickedup3.Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognition

thatyouaretr-

ulyaninventor.

只有你获得那种认证之后，你才能说你是一个真正的发明者。4.Followitup，exploreallaroundit，

beforeyouknowit，

tooccupyyourmind.

跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西

盘踞着你的头脑。canyousayandyouwillhavesomethingworththinkingabout“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”为常见句型。该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。Workhard，andyouwillsucceed.(同义句转换)→

，youwillsucceed.→

，youwillsucceed.用法点拨WorkinghardIfyouworkhard教材升华综合运用Ⅰ.教材与语法填空Whenthewritercalleduphermotherinthecountryside1.

thephone，shelearnedthatsnakescameneartheirhouseandthatthesnakes2.

(seem)tohavemadetheirhomethere.Thewriterfeltproudandconsidered3.

achanceforhertodistinguishherselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Shesetabout4.

(research)thehabitsofsnakes.Shedecidedtocoolthemsothattheycouldbeeasilycaught.onseemeditresearching5.

，herfirsttwoplanswerenotsuccessful.As6.

result，shehadtoattempta

7.

time，whichhelpedherfulfillheraim8.

(success).9.

(press)byherfriendsandrelations，shedecidedtosendher10.

(invent)tothepatentofficetogetrecognitionforhersuccessfulidea.thirdPressedsuccessfullyinventionHoweveraⅡ.教材与短文改错AlexanderGrahamBellbornin1847inScotland.Whenhewasyoung，hisfamilymovestoBoston，USA.Hismotherwasalmostentiredeaf.Afterthat，hebecameinterestedinhelpdeafpeoplecommunicateandindeafeducation.Hefoundthatbypressinghislipsagainsthismother’sforehead，hecouldmakethebonesmoveinsoawaythatshecouldunderstandthathewassaying.∧wasmovedentirelyhelpingsuchwhatItwashisexploringaroundproblemsandhisdynamicspiritwhichledtohisinventions.What’smore，hewasinthetruthacontinuingsearcher.Iimprovedthequalityofeverybody’slifebyfindingmuchpracticalsolutions.thatHemanyⅢ.教材与微写作写作素材(关于专利)1.Thomas先生是一个谨慎的商人，他的产品获得了专利。2.但是，后来他发现他的产品没有达到标准。3.他抓住机会着手来改善产品。4.他希望自己的产品能经受得住检验。5.他也希望他的收入会稳定增长。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句，that引导的宾语从句。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)Mr.Thomas，whowasacautiousbusinessman，gotapatentforhisproducts.Butlaterhefoundhisproductsdidn’tliveuptotheircriteria.He

seizedthechanceandsetouttoimprovethem.He

expectedthathisproductscouldbearthetestsandthathisincomewouldhaveastableincrease.

语篇训练提升能力Ⅰ.阅读理解Ⅱ.七选五Ⅲ.完形填空Ⅰ.阅读理解(2016·山东济南山师大附中模拟)Weknowthefamousones—theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexa-nderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors？Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcLeanthinksso.Infact，McLean，aprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRange，feelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe’sdevelopedacourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning“who”invented“what”，however，McLeanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothe“why”and“how”

questions.AccordingtoMcLe-an，“Whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestions，theyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremot-ivatedtogiveinventingatry.”Herstudentsagree.OneyoungmanwithapatentforanunbreakableumbrellaiswalkingproofofMcLean’sstatement.“IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwiper’sinvention，”saidTommyLee，aseniorphysicsmajor，“Ineverwouldhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructive.”Leeiscurrentlynegotiatingtosellhispatenttoanumbrellaproducer.So，justwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper？Well，Ma-ryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.Thedaywascoldandstormy，butAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights，soshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowcoveringthewindshield，shefoundherselfwonderingwhytherecouldn’tbeabuilt­indeviceforcleaningthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirm-ingham，Alabama，Andersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideas，alever(操作杆)ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontrolanarmontheoutside，becamethefirstwindshieldwiper.Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.It’shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan’strafficlight.It’sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett’sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisible.Canyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?1.Bymentioning“trafficlight”and“windshieldwiper”，theauthorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare

.A.beneficial，becausetheirinventorsarefamousB.beneficial，thoughtheirinventorsarelessfamousC.notuseful，becausetheirinventorsarelessfamousD.notuseful，thoughtheirinventorsarefamous√答案解析1234推理判断题。由文章最后一段第一句“Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.”可知信号灯和雨刮器这些小的发明使我们受益。由第一段可知信号灯和雨刮器等的发明者不怎么出名，故选B项。2.ProfessorJoanMcLean’scourseaimsto

.A.add

colourandvarietytostudents’campuslifeB.informstudentsofthewindshieldwiper’sinventionC.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainUniversityD.preparestudentstotrytheirowninventions√答案解析1234细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“Whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestions，theyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.”可知应选D项。3.TommyLee’sinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas

.A.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducerB.inspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiperC.duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstormD.notrelatedtoProfessorJoanMcLean’slectures√答案解析1234细节理解题。由第三段中TommyLee的话“IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwiper’sinvention...Ineverwouldhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructive.”可知他的发明是因为受到了雨刮器的发明故事的启发。4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?A.HowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventionstoProducers?B.HowtoDesignaBuilt-inDeviceforCleaningtheWindow?C.Shouldn’tWeKnowWhoInventedtheWindshieldWiper?D.Shouldn’tWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities?√答案解析标题归纳题。全文讲述一些小的发明，其发明者虽不为人知，却非常有益，借以鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，故选C项。其他选项都比较片面。1234Ⅱ.七选五HowtoOvercomeChallengesinYourLifeWeallfacetoughanddifficultchallengesinlife.Toovercomechallengesyouneedtohavethat“neverquit”attitudeinlife.Ifyoudevelopit，you’llovercomequiteabit.

Motivateyourself.Say

“YES，ICAN.”Thechallengeshouldbringoutthebestofyouinthissituation.Slowitdown，andthinkthatprocessthrough.1Ifyoudevelopthatmindset(心态)，you’llgetitdone.答案解析F[Developthatconfidenceinsayingthere’snowayyou’regoingtofailatthis.]本段讲要激励自己，要对自己说我能行，不要着急，发挥最好的自己。如果有这种心态事情就能成功。F项：用这种方法来增加自信就不会失败。此句话承上启下，故选F。

2Remaincalmwhenyou’refacingserioustroublesandprob-lemsinlife.Youhavetorecollectyourself，andcalmdown.Youcan’tsolveproblemswhenyou’repanicking.Takeadeepbreath，relax，andslowitdown.Thinkthingsthroughcalmly.答案解析A[Staycalmandcoolheaded.]本段主要讲遇事要冷静及具体实施办法。A项：保持镇静，头脑清醒，能概括全段内容适合作标题。故选A。

Letfailureandfearfuelyouinapositiveway.Everyonefailsattimes.Ifyoufailthefirst，second，orthirdtime，don’tgiveup.3Learnw-hatmadeyoufailatovercomingthesechallenges.答案解析G[Pickyourselfup，andlearnfromwhyyou’vefailed，andmoveoninapositivedirection.]本段讲用积极的态度面对失败。上句讲如果失败几次，不要放弃。G项：重新爬起，从失败中学习然后朝着积极的方向前行。与上句连接，告诉了我们具体办法，故选G。Simplifythechallengeyou’refacing.Makethechallengeeasierthanitis.4Asyougetthrougheachstep，youdevelopmoreconfidenceandyoubelieveyoucangetitdone，andthenyouwill.答案解析C[Startbybreakingitdownintosteps.]本段讲简化面对的挑战。使困难变容易些，当通过每一步的时候你就会有更大的信心相信自己能行，你就会成功。C项：从把挑战分解成几个小的步骤开始。连接前后，故选C。Staypositiveandconfident.5Youhavetofindoutallthewaysyoucanusetoovercomeit，andputthemtofullusewithallyoureffort.It’sourownmentalstabilitythat’sthedifficultpart.Whenyoudoitmentally，you’llactuallybeabletodoit.答案解析D[Toovercomeachallenge，youhavetobelieveyoucanreallydoit.]本段讲要保持积极的态度和信心。下文讲要找到解决问题的方法，用头脑全力以赴去解决问题。D项：为了战胜挑战你必须相信你能行。符合本段意思且连接前后，故选D。A.Staycalmandcoolheaded.B.Thinkthebest，nottheworst.C.Startbybreakingitdownintosteps.D.Toovercomeachallenge，youhavetobelieveyoucanreallydoit.E.Mostpeoplewillavoidanychallenge，becausethey’rescaredoffailing.F.Developthatconfidenceinsayingthere’snowayyou’regoingtofailatthis.G.Pickyourselfup，andlearnfromwhyyou’vefailed，andmoveoninapositivedirection.Ⅲ.完形填空(2017·湖北省重点中学模拟)OnedayIwenttoastoretogetsomeneededitemsformyfamily.Igatheredupmygoodiesandheade-dforthe1counter，onlytobe2inthenarrowaisle(通道)byayoungmanwho3tobeaboutsixteenyearsold.thecheckoutcounter收银台。句意为：我拿到了所有的东西，前往收银台结账，结果被一个看起来约十六岁的年轻人挡住了去路。根据语境可知选B项。1.A.customer B.checkout

C.salesman

D.office√答案解析(2017·湖北省重点中学模拟)OnedayIwenttoastoretogetsomeneededitemsformyfamily.Igatheredupmygoodiesandheade-dforthe1counter，onlytobe2inthenarrowaisle(通道)byayoungmanwho3tobeaboutsixteenyearsold.block阻挡；trouble麻烦；meet遇到；find发现。见上题解析，故选A项。2.A.blocked B.troubled

C.met

D.found√答案解析(2017·湖北省重点中学模拟)OnedayIwenttoastoretogetsomeneededitemsformyfamily.Igatheredupmygoodiesandheade-dforthe1counter，onlytobe2inthenarrowaisle(通道)byayoungmanwho3tobeaboutsixteenyearsold.pretend假装；appear出现；declare宣布；tend趋向。appeartobe看起来……，故选B项。3.A.pretended B.appeared

C.declared

D.tended√答案解析Iwasn’tinahurry，soI4waitedfortheboytorealizethatIwasthere.slowly慢慢地；slightly轻微地；kindly好心地；patiently耐心地。句意为：我并不着急因此我耐心地等着他意识到后面有人。根据语境可知选D项。4.A.slowly B.slightly

C.kindly

D.patiently√答案解析Itwasobviousnow，hewasmentally5andalittleshockedasheturnedandsawmestandingso6tohim，waitingto7.Isaid，“HeyBuddy，what’syourname？”tear撕；break打碎；challenge挑战，刺激；wound伤害。句意为：非常明显，当他看到我离他如此近时，正等着通过，他思想上没有意识到(mentallychallenged)，有点吃惊。故选C项。5.A.torn B.broken

C.challenged

D.wounded√答案解析Itwasobviousnow，hewasmentally5andalittleshockedasheturnedandsawmestandingso6tohim，waitingto7.Isaid，“HeyBuddy，what’syourname？”close接近；friendly友好的；next下一个；happily高兴地。见上题解析。closeto靠近，故选A。6.A.close B.friendly

C.next

D.happily√答案解析Itwasobviousnow，hewasmentally5andalittleshockedasheturnedandsawmestandingso6tohim，waitingto7.Isaid，“HeyBuddy，what’syourname？”stealaway偷走；hurryout匆忙；squeezeby挤过；breakin打断。由上文中的“thenarrowaisle”可知通道非常窄，故选C。7.A.stealaway B.hurryout

C.squeezeby D.breakin√答案解析“MynameisDennyandI’m8withmyMommy，”herespondedprou-dly.去商店当然是购物。故选B。8.A.swimming B.shopping

C.singing

D.travelling√答案解析“Wow，”Isaid，“that’sa(n)9name;IwishmynamewasDenny，butmynameisSteve.HowoldareyouDen-ny？”cool酷的；bad坏的；

ordina-ry普通的；old老的。句意为：这是个很酷的名字，我也希望我的名字叫丹尼，但我的名字叫史蒂夫，你几岁了，丹尼？故选A项。9.A.cool B.bad

C.ordinary

D.old√答案解析“HowoldamInow，Mommy？”heaskedhismotherassheslowly10fromthenextaisle.“You’refifteenyearsold，Denny.”Thenheheadedtowardthetoysection.goaway离开；walkby走过；comeover过来；turnup出现。由下文中作者与丹尼的妈妈谈话可知，丹尼的妈妈慢慢地走了过来。故选C项。10.A.wentaway B.walkedby

C.cameover D.turnedup√答案解析Denny’smom11mefortakingthetimetotalkwithherson.thank感谢；stareat盯着；praise表扬；chatwith与……聊天。句意为：丹尼的妈妈非常感谢我花时间与她儿子聊天。thanksb.fordoingsth.感谢某人做某事，故选A项。11.A.thanked B.staredat

C.praised

D.chattedwith√答案解析Shetoldmethatmostpeoplewouldn’t12lookathim，muchlesstalktohim.ever曾经；still仍然；yet然而；even甚至。句意：她告诉我大多数人甚至不愿意看丹尼，更别说与他交谈了。故选D项。12.A.ever B.still

C.yet

D.even√答案解析Itoldherthatitwasmy13andthatthereareplentyofred，yellow，andpinkrosesinGod’sGarden;14，“BlueRoses”arevery15andshouldbeappreciated16theirbeautyanddistinctiveness.courage勇气；pleasure快乐；habit习惯；faith信念。上文中丹尼的妈妈对作者表示感谢，itwasmypleasure这是我的荣幸，是对感谢的应答语。故选B项。13.A.courage B.pleasure

C.habit

D.faith√答案解析Itoldherthatitwasmy13andthatthereareplentyofred，yellow，andpinkrosesinGod’sGarden;14，“BlueRoses”arevery15andshouldbeappreciated16theirbeautyanddistinctiveness.therefore因此；besides况且；meanwhile同时；however然而。红色、黄色、粉色的玫瑰非常多，而蓝色的很罕见，此处表示转折，故选D项。14.A.therefore B.besides

C.meanwhile

D.however√答案解析Itoldherthatitwasmy13andthatthereareplentyofred，yellow，andpinkrosesinGod’sGarden;14，“BlueRoses”arevery15andshouldbeappreciated16theirbeautyanddistinctiveness.rare罕见的；big大的；bright明亮的；colorful五彩缤纷的。见上题解析。故选A项。15.A.rare B.big

C.bright

D.colorful√答案解析Itoldherthatitwasmy13andthatthereareplentyofred，yellow，andpinkrosesinGod’sGarden;14，“BlueRoses”arevery15andshouldbeappreciated16theirbeautyanddistinctiveness.beappreciatedfor...因……而被赏识。故选C项。16.A.with B.by

C.for

D.in√答案解析Yousee，DennyisaBlueRoseand17someonedoesn’tstopand18thatrosewiththeirheartandtouchthatrosewiththeirkindness，thenthey’ve19ablessingfromGod.unless除非；if如果；before之前；after之后。句意为：你看，丹尼就是朵蓝玫瑰，如果人们没有停下来，用心闻他的花香，善意地来接触他，那么他们错过了上帝的保佑。故选B项。17.A.unless B.if

C.before

D.after√答案解析Yousee，DennyisaBlueRoseand17someonedoesn’tstopand18thatrosewiththeirheartandtouchthatrosewiththeirkindness，thenthey’ve19ablessingfromGod.smell闻；pick挑选；buy买；see看。见上题解析。故选A项。18.A.