中考英语总复习题型专项3阅读理解课件

专题三阅读理解阅读理解是学生学习英语必须掌握的最重要的技能之一。依据近年初中毕业生学业水平考试要求，英语阅读理解的能力要求是能独立阅读所学语言知识范围内的材料，生词率不超过3%,阅读速度为每分钟50～70词。一般来说，每篇阅读材料的长度大约250词。阅读理解能力测试的具体要求是：1．能掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；2．既能理解具体的事实，也能理解抽象的概念；3．既能理解表面意思，也能理解深层含义，包括作者的态度和意图等；4．能根据短文的有关事实进行推理和判断；5．能根据材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识正确判断生词的含义。初中毕业生学业水平考试测试的阅读理解题，通常包括主旨大意题、细节理解题、深层含义题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等。纵观近几年来全国各地中考阅读题，其体裁多样，有记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文(信函、请柬、通知、便条、表格、图表、广告、图示和标志等)；所选材料内容广泛，涉及文化、环境、科普、社会、政治、经济、历史等众多领域。文章的题材富于变化，形式多种多样。其特点是：时代气息浓，可读性强，理解难度较大。初中毕业生学业水平考试测试阅读理解题的目的，主要是考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力。既要抓住文章的主旨，又要抓住细节；既要理解具体事实，又要理解抽象概念；既要理解文章表面意思，又要挖掘作者的意图，揣摩隐藏在字里行间的内涵；既要理解全篇的逻辑关系，又要理解某些细节的意思，并且在读懂句子和文章的基础上，将所读文章进行判断、分析和推理。概括地说就是这类题注重考查阅读技能，包括理解文章大意、了解具体细节、通过上下文猜测词义、归纳篇章大意，以及推断或理解作者的态度和意图等。考生不仅要具有准确获得信息的能力，还要具有透过文章表层意思理解文章隐含意义的能力。这样才能抓住中心思想，做出正确的判断。试题涉及掌握语篇主旨，事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力考查。设题通常考虑以下四个方面：1．直观性问题。直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。2．常识性问题。考查学生依据短文信息，并根据自己所具备的一般常识做出判断的题型。3．理解性问题。考查学生对文章的中心思想、某段的段落大意、某一事实的细节及作者意图等的理解程度。4．推理性问题。这类题需在深刻理解文章后，再经过推理判断才能选出答案。阅读是一个复杂的心理过程，语言学家古德曼认为，阅读就是读者通过其心理和语言活动理解来接受作者的思想和观点。这就是说学生的阅读理解必须忠实于原文，不可脱离文章凭空想象。纵观全国各地的初中毕业生学业水平考试中的阅读理解题，其命题形式呈现出多样性、灵活性、综合性的特点，题材广泛，包括幽默故事、日常生活、人物传记、科普知识、社会文化、自然风光等；文体多样，有记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文等。通过对近几年各省(直辖市、自治区)、市初中毕业生学业水平考试试卷的分析，我们发现阅读理解题的考查重点主要围绕以下几个方面：1．掌握材料的主旨大意，以及用以体现主旨大意的事实和细节，即when,where,who,what,why,how等内容，一般可从文章原句中直接查找答案；2．既能理解表层(词面)含义，也能理解深层含意(包括作者的态度和意图等)；有的题目需利用同义词、反义词、构词法和不同句式等手段找出答案；3．能领悟句、段的意义和它们之间的关系，并能据此进行推理和判断，通常有常识推断、知识判断、计算判断和情节推断；4．能根据材料所提供的相关信息，或从上下文语境，结合中学生应有的常识，正确判断生词和短语的含义。根据以上四项要求，阅读理解的选择题可分为以下几种题型：1．细节理解题；2．词句理解题；3．推理判断题；4．主旨大意题；5．标题推测题。做阅读理解题，需根据实际情况采用不同的方法。对于一些直接信息类的题目，先读问题后读短文，带着问题去读文章，目的明确，容易抓住文中与问题相关的信息点。对于主观判断题，则应该从文章整体着手，认真阅读，综合分析判断，做出正确判断。一般情况具体步骤如下：1．略读全文，掌握主旨大意。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句，一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语，便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布，再答题时就心中有数了。2．推测词义，注意要点内容。阅读中不要过分推敲语言点，要捕捉每段乃至整篇文章的纲目，对于文章中出现的生词或看不懂的句子，可以根据上下文意思猜测理解。3．寻读。掌握短文的主旨大意之后，应认真阅读题目，准确理解题意及其范围，带着问题到文章中寻找相关答案。一般的事实题可直接从文中找出答案，但也要认真斟酌，透过表层结构，领会其深层含义；而较为深层次的逻辑推理判断题，则需要建立在对全文理解的基础上进行。做这类题切忌掺杂主观因素。4．复读审核。初次答完题后，要对照短文内容对所做答案通盘审核，反复斟酌，做出修正，以减少错误疏漏。此外做阅读理解题时，还应注意四点：1．注意文章的首段和每段的首句或最后一句。一般来说，阅读理解题没有标题，就会给学生了解文章的中心意思造成一定的困难。但文章的首段或每段的首句往往可能是文章或每段的中心，是作者要说明的对象或作者要阐述的观点，尾句是文章的结论或表达作者的意图、态度或目的。注意到这一点，才能抓住中心，为理解文章奠定良好的基础。2．阅读文章体裁不同，阅读的侧重点也不同。记叙文中要注意who(人物),where(地点),when(时间),what(事件),why(原因)；说明文要注意说明的对象、

特征、细节及数字等；议论文要注意作者的观点、论点和论据。3．要通过文章线索来分析判断作者的意图、文章的结论、中心思想及深层次的推理判断。这一点是最难把握的，考生做题时要特别注意。4．要了解英语国家的风俗习惯、风土人情，了解地道的英语语言表达习惯，不能以中文表达的习惯来理解文章、回答问题。【例1】2023年广东省初中学业水平考试请阅读A、B两篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。AWhenit’shotoutsideandwehavetogoout，surelywewanttokeepcool.Wecanputonhats，wearlightclothing，orstayatacoolplace.However，nothingcanbeatagoodfan.NowI’llshowyouhowtomakeagoodDIY(DoItYourself)paperfan.WhattopreparePleasepreparetwopiecesofpaper.Allpaperwillwork，butyourDIYfancanbeusedforalongtimewithquality(优质的)paper.Thengetglue，twosticks，etc.HowtomakeaDIYfanThefirststepistodrawpicturesonthepaper.Justdrawanythingyoulike.Thenextstepistofoldup(折叠)thepaper.Thengluethetwopiecesoffoldedpapertogether.Afterthat，paintthesticks.Thefinalstepistogluethesticksontothefoldedpaper.Andeverythingisdone.Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised：ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan.Thenyoucanfolditupanddropitinyourbag.Whenyouareoutintheheatnexttime，justtakeitoutandenjoythegentlewind.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，文章介绍了纸扇可以保持凉爽，以及制作纸扇的步骤。(

)1．WhichisthebestwaytokeepcoolaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Puttingonhats. B．Usingagoodfan.C．Wearinglightclothing. D．Stayingatacoolplace.【剖析】细节理解题。根据“Wecanputonhats，wearlightclothing，orstayatacoolplace.However，nothingcanbeatagoodfan.”可知，天气炎热想保持凉爽的最佳方式就是使用一把好扇子。故选B。B

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)2．Whyisqualitypaperagoodchoicetomakeafan?A．Itislight. B．Itiscolorful.C．Itlastslong. D．Itlooksbeautiful.【剖析】细节理解题。根据“Allpaperwillwork，butyourDIYfancanbeusedforalongtimewithquality(优质的)paper.”可知，优质的纸是制作纸扇的好选择是因为可以长时间使用。故选C。C

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)3．Whatisthesecondstepofmakingapaperfan?A．Paintingthesticks. B．Drawingpicturesonthepaper.C．Foldingupthepaper. D．Gluingthesticksontothefoldedpaper.【剖析】细节理解题。根据“Thenextstepistofoldup(折叠)thepaper.”可知，第二个步骤是把纸折叠起来。故选C。C

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)4．Fromthelastparagraph，wecantellthatmakingapaperfanis________.A．quick B．difficultC．boring D．strange【剖析】推理判断题。根据“Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised：ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan(如果你看看你的手表，你会感到惊讶：制作一个好的纸扇只需要不到15分钟).”可推知，制作纸扇是非常快的。故选A。A

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)5．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Tosellpaperfans. B．Toshowhowtosavetime.C．Toshareafunstory. D．Toteachhowtomakepaperfans.【剖析】写作意图题。本文介绍了纸扇可以保持凉爽，以及制作纸扇的步骤，即教我们如何制作纸扇。故选D。D

BSomeanimalscaneasilyfindtheirwayhomeafteralongjourney.Howdotheymakeit?Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection.Acertainkindofants，forexample，cancounttheirstepstoavoidgettinglost.Theycangoasfaras110metersandbringfoodhome.Theseantsliveintheopendesert(沙漠)，sotheyhavenothingtoguidethemalongtheway.It’slikesomeonewalkingsixkilometersthroughadarkforest.Somefishhaveanunbelievablesenseofsmell.Theycansmellevenasingledropoftheirhomewaterinalargeseaarea.Someseabirdshaveasimilarability.Theyareabletomakeasmellmapoftheirflyingarea.Someanimalscansensetheearth’smagneticfield(磁场),whilehumanscan’t.Thismagneticfieldguidesacertainkindoffishwhentheyswimalongwaytoaplaceandthenback.Howcanthiskindoffishdothat?Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.However，animalswithsuchunusualabilitiesstillhavedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanactivities.Forexample，manybirdsdependonstarsfordirection，buttheygetlosteasilyatnightwhencitylightsarekeptonallnight.Tosolvethisproblem，wecansimplyturnoffsomelightsatnight.Clearly，onesmallactofhumansmaymeanalottoanimals.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感。(

)6．Whereisthispassagemostprobablyfrom?A．Astorybook. B．Anartmagazine.C．Aguidebook. D．Asciencemagazine.【剖析】题材来源题。本文是围绕“动物的方向感”展开的，因此可以在科学杂志上看到。故选D。D

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)7．Howcanacertainkindofantsfindtheirway?A．Byimaginingtheway. B．Bycountingtheirsteps.C．Bybringingfoodtogether. D．Bywalkingthroughaforest.【剖析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Acertainkindofants，forexample，cancounttheirstepstoavoidgettinglost.”可知，一些蚂蚁可以通过数步数来避免迷路。故选B。B

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)8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mystery”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Secret. B．Choice.C．Reason. D．Feeling.【剖析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.”可知，科学家还没有答案，因此可推知画线部分“mystery”与A项“秘密”意思相近。故选A。A

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)9．Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Tohelpanimals. B．Totravelatnight.C．Tokeepcitylightson. D．Todevelopunusualabilities.A

【剖析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“However，animalswithsuchunusualabilitiesstillhavedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanactivities…Clearly，onesmallactofhumansmaymeanalottoanimals.”可知，本段说明人类的一个小举动可能对动物意义重大，因此是建议人们要帮助动物。故选A。(

)10．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Birds’SenseofLight B．Fish’sSenseofSmellC．Animals’SenseofDirection D．Animals’SenseofMagneticField【剖析】标题猜测题。本文介绍了动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感，因此，“动物的方向感”为最佳标题。故选C。C

C配对阅读。左栏是五位学生的困惑，右栏是七则建议，请将困惑和建议进行匹配。A．Youcanmakeashoppinglistfirst.Andyoumaygotodifferentsupermarketstocomparepricesbeforeyoumakeadecision.B．Youshouldunderstandyourmom.Amodelcarisnotamust.Parentsknowmoreaboutthevalueofmoneyastheyworkhardtosupportthefamily.C．Writedownyourdailyspendingofthepocketmoneyinanotebook.Thismayhelpyouavoidunnecessaryspending.D．Youcanlearnnumbersfirst.Forexample，youcancountcoinsandbanknoteswithyourparents.E．Maybeyoucanhaveayardsaletogetmoneyforyourshoes.Theremustbethingsyoudon’tneedanymorelikeoldtoysormagazines.、F．Iagreewithyourfather.Youcankeeppartofyourluckymoneyinabankinsteadofusingitup.Thiscanhelpyousavemoneyforthefuture.G．Youcaninvitesomeoneworkinginabanktoyourclubtogiveatalk.Inthisway，youcanknowmoreabouthowbankswork.【文章大意】本文左栏是五位学生的困惑，右栏是七则建议。(

)11．Mymomdidn’tagreetobuyanothermodelracingcarforme.Shesaiditwouldbeawasteofmoney.Iamangrywithher.【剖析】根据“Mymomdidn’tagreetobuyanothermodelracingcarforme.Shesaiditwouldbeawasteofmoney.Iamangrywithher.”可知，因为妈妈不同意买另外一辆赛车模型而感到生气，B项“你应该理解你妈妈。模型车不是必需的。当父母努力工作养家时，他们更了解钱的价值。”符合。故选B。B

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)12．Iwantapairofbasketballshoesformytraining.ButIdon’twanttoaskmyparentsformoney.【剖析】根据“Iwantapairofbasketballshoesformytraining.”可知，想买一双训练穿的篮球鞋，E项“也许你可以举行庭院拍卖会，攒够你买鞋子的钱。一定有你不再需要的东西，比如旧玩具或杂志。”符合。故选E。E

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)13．Igetasmuchpocketmoneyasmysistereachmonth.Butmymoneyrunsoutmuchmorequicklythanhers.【剖析】根据“Igetasmuchpocketmoneyasmysistereachmonth.Butmymoneyrunsoutmuchmorequicklythanhers.”可知，“我”的零钱比妹妹花得快，C项“把你每天的零花钱的花费情况登记在笔记本上。这可以避免不必要的支出。”符合。故选C。C

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)14．IthinkIcanspendallmyluckymoney.Butmyfatherdoesn’tallowmeto.【剖析】根据“IthinkIcanspendallmyluckymoney.Butmyfatherdoesn’tallowmeto.”可知，“我”想花压岁钱，但是爸爸不同意。F项“我同意你父亲的看法。你可以把一部分压岁钱存入银行，而不是用完。这可以帮助你为未来省钱。”符合。故选F。F

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)15．Mymomwantsmetodotheweeklyshoppingforourfamily.ButIdon’tknowhowtospendmoneywisely.【剖析】根据“Mymomwantsmetodotheweeklyshoppingforourfamily.ButIdon’tknowhowtospendmoneywisely.”可知，“我”不知道如何明智地花钱。A项“你可以先列一个购物清单。在你做决定之前，你可能会去不同的超市比较价格。”符合。故选A。A

【例2】2022年广东省初中学业水平考试请阅读A、B两篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。AImaginewakinguptofindacupofcoffeereadyandfloorswept.Withsmartdevices(装置)controlledbyAI，allhouseworkcanbedonewhileyouareasleep.NowyourkidscantrythesedevicesatthesmarthomeshowinourcommunitysciencecenterfromAugust1sttoAugust14th.Hereinthecenterwehavemanyfunactivities.ChildrencanalsotryoutcleaningrobotLittleQ．Itisacuterobotwitharoundhead,twobigeyesandtwolonglegs.It’slikeabigtoy.Yourchildrenwillloveit.OpeningHours:1∶00p.m.—9∶00p.m.,fromTuesdaytoSunday,closedonMonday.Visitors:Peopleofallagesarewelcome.Childrenunder12shouldcomealongwiththeirparents.Nopetsareallowed.Food&Drinks:Nooutsidefoodordrinks.Visitorscanbuyfoodanddrinksinthecenter.Tickets:Pleasecall76-9520tobookaticket.KindlynotethatyouCAN’Tbookaticketonourwebsiteorthroughemail.AnditisNOTpossibletobuyaticketatourticketofficeasitisclosed.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，向我们介绍社区科学中心的活动。(

)1．WhatcanthesmartdevicesinParagraph1do?A．Farming. B．Business. C．Housework. D．Schoolwork.【剖析】细节理解题。根据“allhouseworkcanbedonewhileyouareasleep”可知，所有的家务都可以在你睡觉的时候做。故选C。C

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)2．WhatdoesLittleQlooklike?【剖析】推理判断题。根据“ChildrencanalsotryoutcleaningrobotLittleQ．Itisacuterobotwitharoundhead,twobigeyesandtwolonglegs.”可知，小Q是一个可爱的机器人，圆圆的脑袋，两只大眼睛和两条长腿。故选D。D

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)3．Whencanavisitorenterthesciencecenter?A．OnMondaymorning. B．OnSundaymorning.C．OnMondayafternoon. D．OnSundayafternoon.【剖析】细节理解题。根据“OpeningHours:1∶00p.m.—9∶00p.m.,fromTuesdaytoSunday,closedonMonday.”可知，开放时间是星期二至星期日，从下午1点至晚上9点，星期一休息。所以可以在星期日下午去科学中心。故选D。D

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)4．Whocanbeallowedtovisitthecenter?A．Amanwithacat. B．An8-year-oldboyalone.C．Amanwithhis3-year-oldson. D．Agirlwithfoodfromtheoutside.C

【剖析】细节理解题。根据“Visitors:Peopleofallagesarewelcome.Childrenunder12shouldcomealongwiththeirparents.Nopetsareallowed.”和“Food&Drinks:Nooutsidefoodordrinks.”可知，欢迎各个年龄层的人，12岁以下儿童应与父母一同前往，宠物禁止入内。所以一个男人和他3岁的儿子可以入内。

故选C。(

)5．Howcanavisitorbookaticket?A．Bymakingaphonecall. B．Bysendinganemail.C．Byvisitingthewebsite. D．Bygoingtotheticketoffice.【剖析】细节理解题。根据“Pleasecall76-9520tobookaticket.”可知，可以打电话76-9520订票。故选A。A

BJerryisaworld-famousmountainclimber.Hehasclimbedmanyhighmountainsintheworld.Startingin2015,heandhisfriendsspenttwoyearsonanadventure(探险)inSouthAmerica,covering7,800miles.HewasevennamedAdventureoftheYearbyafamousgeographymagazinein2018.AlthoughJerryhadachievedgreatsuccess,hedidn’tfeelfulfilled.Heaskedhimself,“Isitenoughtoclimbthehighestmountains?AmIdoingsomethinghelpful?HowcanIturnmyadventuresintosomethingthatcanhelptheworld？”Jerrylearnedthatscientistsneedplants,rocksandwatersamples(样本)fromtheplacesfarawaytodoresearch.Butscientistscan’tgettherethemselvesassuchplacesarehardtoreach—onlythebravestadventurerscanmakeit.Jerrythoughthimselfcoulddosomethingtohelp.Hethencameupwithanidea.Hesetupateamoftopadventurerstocollectsamplesforscientists.Bystudyingthesamples,scientistscouldknowmoreabouttheearthandfindwaystoprotectit.RecentlyJerryandhisadventurerfriendshavediscoveredaspecialplantlifeonMountainQomolangma.Thesamplestheybroughtbackhavehelpedscientistslearnhowplantsliveinextreme(极端的)conditions.ForJerry,thiskindofadventureismostsatisfying.“Suchadventureshadmadeusseelifeinadifferentway.Now,beingthebestclimberisn’timportantforme.Whatmattersisdoingsomethinghelpfulwhileclimbingthemountains.Thereisstillmuchmorewecando，”Jerrysaidtoanewspaper.【文章大意】本文介绍杰里是世界著名的登山运动员，他想把自己的冒险变成对世界有帮助的事情，他和团队帮助科学家们了解了植物如何在极端条件下生存，在冒险的同时做了更伟大的事。(

)6．WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout?A．Jerry’sfriends. B．Jerry’sachievements.C．Highmountains. D．Ageographymagazine.【剖析】主旨大意题。分析第一段内容可知，本段主要介绍杰里的一些成就。

故选B。B

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)7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fulfilled”inParagraph2mean?A．Satisfied. B．Lonely. C．Patient. D．Worried.A

【剖析】词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“AlthoughJerryhadachievedgreatsuccess,hedidn’tfeelfulfilled.”以及“Isitenoughtoclimbthehighestmountains?AmIdoingsomethinghelpful?HowcanIturnmyadventuresintosomethingthatcanhelptheworld？”可知，虽然杰里已经获得了巨大的成功，但是他没有感到满足，此处fulfilled的意思是“满足的，觉得满意的”。故选A。(

)8．WhydidJerrysetateamoftopadventurers?A．Tomakefriends. B．Tohelpscientists.C．Tostudyplants. D．Totrainscientists.【剖析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Hesetupateamoftopadventurerstocollectsamplesforscientists.”可知，他组建了一支顶级探险团队，为科学家们收集样本。故选B。B

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)9．Jerry’sandhisfriends’adventureshadchanged_______.A．theirhobbies B．theirfriendshipC．theirunderstandingoflife D．theirlivingconditions【剖析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Suchadventureshadmadeusseelifeinadifferentway.”可知，这样的冒险让我们以不同的方式看待生活。故选C。C

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)10．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．DangerousMountainClimbingB．ImportantScientificDiscoveriesC．PlantsFoundonHighMountainsD．AdventuresTurnedintoSomethingGreaterD

【剖析】标题猜测题。本文主要介绍杰里是世界著名的登山运动员，他想把自己的冒险变成对世界有帮助的事情，他和团队帮助科学家们了解了植物如何在极端条件下生存，在冒险的同时做了更伟大的事，D项“冒险变成了更伟大的事情”符合主题。

故选D。C配对阅读。左栏是五则短信，右栏是七则回复。请将短信和回复进行匹配。A．Whatapity!Shallwemeetsometimenextweek?Afterall,shoppingwon’tbefunwithoutyou.B．Westillhavesomeinthekitchen.Iboughtabottleofmilkthedaybeforeyesterdayandwehaven’topenedityet.C．Great!I’llcollectthemonmywaytoworktomorrowmorning.Manythanks.D．Sure.Thereisafruitshoponmywayhome.Whatwouldyoulikemetobuy?Whataboutsomebananas?E．Takeyourtime.Iwillbethereinafewminutes.Whatsaladwouldyoulike,fruitsaladorvegetablesalad?F．YoucantakeNo.27bustomyhouse.GetoffatEastStreet.Thereisashopnearthebusstop.Iwillwaitforyouthere.G．Thanks.Itisgettingmuchbetternow.MydoctorsaidIcouldreturntothesportsfieldnextmonth.Anyway,I’llbetherenextweek.【文章大意】本文分别介绍了五则短信和七则回复。(

)11．Tara,couldyoubuysomemilkatthesupermarketwhenyouarebackfromschoolthisafternoon?【剖析】根据“Tara,couldyoubuysomemilkatthesupermarketwhenyouarebackfromschoolthisafternoon？”(塔拉，你今天下午放学回来后能去超市买些牛奶吗？)可知，B项“厨房里还有一些。我前天买了一瓶牛奶，我们还没有打开。”与之相符。

故选B。B

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)12．Alice,I’mafraidIcan’tjoinintheshoppingtriptomorrow.Mycousiniscomingtovisitme.【剖析】根据“Alice,I’mafraidIcan’tjoinintheshoppingtriptomorrow.Mycousiniscomingtovisitme.”(爱丽丝，我恐怕明天不能参加购物团了，我表弟要来看我。)可知，A项“真遗憾！我们下星期某个时候见面好吗？毕竟，没有你，购物就没有乐趣。”与之相符。

故选A。A

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)13．Sorry,Tony.ImissedthetrainandI’llbelate.Ifyougettotherestaurantontime,couldyoupleaseorderorangejuiceandsaladforme?【剖析】根据“Sorry,Tony.ImissedthetrainandI’llbelate.Ifyougettotherestaurantontime,couldyoupleaseorderorangejuiceandsaladforme？”(对不起，托尼。我没赶上火车，要迟到了。如果你能准时到达餐厅，可以帮我点橙汁和沙拉吗？)可知，E项“慢慢来。我几分钟后就到。你要什么沙拉，水果沙拉还是蔬菜沙拉？”与之相符。故选E。E

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)14．Hi,Peter.Hasyourleggotanybetter?Wewillhaveamatchnextweek.Hopeyoucancomeandwatchit!【剖析】根据“Hi,Peter.Hasyourleggotanybetter?Wewillhaveamatchnextweek.Hopeyoucancomeandwatchit！”(嗨，彼得。你的腿好点了吗？下周我们将有一场比赛。希望你能来观看！)可知，G项“谢谢。现在好多了。我的医生说我下个月就可以重返赛场了。不管怎样，我下周会去。”与之相符。

故选G。G

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)15．Tom,thesportsshoponWestStreetphoned.Theyhaverepairedyourbasketballshoes!【剖析】根据“Tom,thesportsshoponWestStreetphoned.Theyhaverepairedyourbasketballshoes！”(汤姆，西街的体育用品商店来电话了。他们修好了你的篮球鞋！)可知，C项“太棒了！我明天早上上班的路上去取。多谢。”与之相符。

故选C。C

【例3】2021年广东省初中学业水平考试请阅读A、B两篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。AWelcometoManorFarmU-pickActivitiesWeareknownforourdeliciousstrawberries.Weinviteyoutovisitourfarmandenjoyourfreshproductsandgreatfarmingexperiences.We’lltryourbesttocreateasafeopen-airenvironmentforourcustomersunderthecircumstances(情况)ofCOVID-19thisyear.Pleasereadtheinstructionsbelow.·Topickthestrawberries,youneedtomakeareservation(预约)onourwebsite.Reservationsareopenfrom13∶00to20∶00thedaybeforethepickingday.·Pleasedon’tcometothefarmifyouaresick.·Onthefarm,youneedtostayatleasttwometersawayfromanyoneyoudon’tlivewith.·Forsafety,youmustuseournewbasketsonly.Abasketalonecosts5yuan.Itholdsabout2kgofstrawberriesandabasketofstrawberriesispricedat50yuanintotal.·Ifchildrencome,theyMUSTstayclosetotheirparents.RunningupanddownthestrawberryrowswillNOTbeallowed.Ourworkerswilltellthemwheretostartpickingandthechildrenshouldlisten.Wehopechildrenwillfollowoursafetyrulesinourfields.·Nopetsareallowedonthefarm.·Anyquestions,pleasecallusat9-0625-6523．【文章大意】本文为应用文，主要介绍了农场草莓采摘活动的时间、费用和要求等。(

)1．IfyougotothefarmonAugust8th,youcanmakeareservationat________.A．10∶00onAugust6th B．10∶00onAugust7thC．14∶00onAugust6th D．14∶00onAugust7th【剖析】细节理解题。根据材料中的第一点要求，如果你8月8日去农场，你可以在8月7日14∶00预订。D

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)2．Thefarmprovidesnewbaskets________.A．tocutdownthecost B．toprotecttheenvironmentC．tokeepcustomerssafe D．tocarrymorestrawberries【剖析】细节理解题。农场提供新的篮子来保护顾客的安全。C

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)3．Onthefarm,childrenareaskedto________.A．plantsomestrawberries B．runalongtherowsC．stayclosetotheirparents D．lookaftertheirpets【剖析】细节理解题。在农场，孩子们被要求离父母近一点。C

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)4．Formoreinformation,youcan________.

A．writeanemail B．makeaphonecall

C．sendavoicemessage D．watchnewsonTV【剖析】推理判断题。想知道更多信息，你可以打电话。B

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)5．Theinstructionsaremostprobablyfrom________.A．afarmowner B．ateacherC．anewsreporter D．acustomer【剖析】题材来源题。这些说明很可能是一个农场老板写的。A

BAccordingtoresearch，morethan130billionpoundsofuneatenfoodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearlyfoodsupply(供应).Itisasadfact,especiallywhenyouconsiderhowmanyfamiliesandhomelesspeopleareinhunger.WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfoodthatwasnoteatenatalleveryday，shecameupwithanidea.Shestartedaprojecttohelpherschooldininghalltogiveawayuneatenfoodtohomelessshelters(庇护所)inhercommunity.Inthepastthreeyears,thesameprojecthasspreadtootherschoolsandsomefastfoodrestaurantsthroughoutthecity.TheprojectiscalledFeed&Find,andhasalreadyfedthousandsofpeopleinhercity.Howdoesitwork?Throughanapp,Feed&Findmatcheslocalhomelessshelterswithschooldininghallsandrestaurantsthathaveuneatenfoodtoprovide.Whendininghallsorrestaurantshaveuneatenfoodleft,theycanusetheapptosharetheinformationaboutthefood.Atruckdriverworkingfortheprojectisthensenttopickitupandtakeittoashelter.Prettycool,right?It’snotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaura,hopingthatshecouldhelpdevelopsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities.Somepeople,however,haveconcernsaboutthesafetyoftheuneatenfood.Theythinksuchfoodmaynotbecleanenough.Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.【文章大意】本文主要讲述劳拉看到她学校的餐厅每天扔掉未吃的食物时，她想出了一个主意。通过使用Feed&Find的软件来分享有关食物的信息，帮助她的学校餐厅分发未吃的食物，给她所在社区收容所的无家可归者。(

)6．ThenumbersinParagraph1tellus________.A．somepeoplearepoor B．foodwasteisseriousC．thepopulationislarge D．theresearchisinteresting【剖析】推理判断题。每年有1300亿磅的食物被浪费，这些数字向我们展示了食物浪费现象很严重。B

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)7．Laura’sprojectfirstgotfoodfrom________.A．herschooldininghall B．herfamilyC．afastfoodrestaurant D．ahomelessshelter【剖析】细节理解题。劳拉的项目是从学校食堂开始。A

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)8．PeopleinothercitieswouldlikeLaurato________.A．findatruckdriver B．visittheircommunitiesC．giveawayfoodtothem D．helpdevelopprojectslikehers【剖析】细节理解题。其他城市的人也希望劳拉帮他们开发这样的软件。D

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)9．Theunderlinedword“concerns”inthispassagemeans“________”.A．ways B．secretsC．worries D．decisions【剖析】词义猜测题。一些人担心(concern)食物的安全。C

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)10．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．ADrivingGuideApp B．AFoodSharingProjectC．ADrivingServiceApp D．AFoodSafetyProject【剖析】标题猜测题。本文介绍的这个项目可以帮助减少食物浪费，做到食物分享。B

C配对阅读。左栏是五个人的情况介绍，右栏是七个英语习语及其解释，请为每个人选择一个合适的习语描述他/她的情况。A．Inmanyballgames,themostimportantpersonistheonewhocarriestheball.Suchapersonistheleaderandhemakessurethatajobgetsdone.B．Birdsfeedonworms.Abirdwillgohungryifitcannotcatchworms.Thebirdthatgetsupearlyissuretogetsomefood,sotheearlybirdcatchestheworm.C．Yourfeetbecomehotwhenyourun.Butwhenyouareforcedtositinoneplace,yourheelsstaycool.Whensomeonekeepsyouwaiting,youcansayheiscoolingyourheels.D．Somepeopleseemtoknowwhat’sgoingonbehindthem,asiftheyhadeyesinthebackoftheirheads.“

Eyesinthebackofyourhead”describestheabilitytonoticeeverythinghappeningaroundyou.E．Youdon’tknowwhatwillhappenifyouwakeupasleepingdoginthestreet，soitwouldbemuchsmartertoletsleepingdogslie.F．Peoplemaygettheirfeetintothewaterslowlywhentheystarttolearnswimming.“

Getyourfeetwet”meanstryingtodosomethingforthefirsttime.G．Fishliveinwater.Apersonwhoisinastrangeoruncomfortableenvironmentmayfeellikeafishoutofwater.【文章大意】本文分别介绍了五个人的基本情况和七个英语习语及其解释。(

)11．Bella,oneofthetopstudentsinherclass,alwaysgetsupearlyandhopestogetbettergradesbyworkinghard.【剖析】题中的“Bella…getsupearlyandhopestogetbettergradesbyworkinghard”与B项中的“Thebirdthatgetsupearly…”对应，故选B。B

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)12．Vincenthasjoinedamountainclimbingclub.Theclubmemberswillhaveaclimbingtripnextweekandhewillbetheleaderoftheteam.【剖析】题中的“hewillbetheleaderoftheteam”与A项中的“leader”对应，故选A。A

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)13．AileenisanEnglishteacher.Shealwaysknowswhat’sgoingoninclass,evenwhenherstudentsarepassingnotesbehindherback.【剖析】题中的“Shealwaysknowswhat’sgoingon…behindherback”与D项中的“Somepeopleseemtoknowwhat’sgoingonbehindthem”对应，故选D。D

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)14．Samisanewcomertoahighschool.Hefeelsalittlenervousintheclassroomwithalotofstrangersaroundhim.【剖析】题中的“Samisanewcomer…”与G项中的“inastrangeoruncomfortableenvironment”对应，故选G。G

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)15．Victor’sfriendsaretakingahigh-speedtraintovisithim.Buthisfriendsarelate.Heisnowwaitingforthematthestation.【剖析】题中的“Heisnowwaitingforthem…”与C项中的“Whensomeonekeepsyouwaiting”对应，故选C。C

训练题(一)A(2023山西改编)The3mostwonderfultrainjourneysprovidethenaturalbeautyofourmotherland.Readontoseewhichlineyouwanttostartyourjourneywith.XiningtoLhasaLength:around1,900kmlong

Price:781yuanforasoftsleeperTherailwaylineispopularwithtravellerswhowanttovisitXizang.Itisthelongesthighaltitude(海拔)traintripintheworldandisnamedas“thewaytothesky”.Mostofthelineisover4,000meters.YoucanseeQinghaiLakeoutsidethetrain’swindows.ChengdutoKunmingLength：around1,100kmlong

Price:487.5yuanforasecondclassTherailwaylinehasbeeninservicesinceJuly1970．FromChengduwithanaltitudeof400metersorso，thetraingoesuptoabout2,000metersacrossmountains.ThislineiscalledGeologicalMuseum(地质博物馆)becauseofthespecialgeographyalongtherailwayline.LhasatoRikazeLength:around250kmlong

Price:64yuanforasoftseatThisrailwaylineconnectstotheQinghai-TibetRailwayandhasanaltitud