2022中考阅读理解热点话题练 专题44 疾病（解析版）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页2022中考阅读理解热点话题练专题44疾病Passage1（2021·广西百色·中考真题）Whenyoufeelasneeze（喷嚏）orcoughcomingon,coveringyourmouthpreventsthespreadofgerms（细菌）.Youprobablyknewthat.Buthowtocoveryourmouthisveryimportant.Youmightusetissues（纸巾）,andputyourusedtissuesintothebin.“Ifyoudon'thavetissues,youshouldsneezeintoyourelbow,notyourhand,evenifyouareusedtodoingthat.”Thedoctorsadvised.“Ifsomebodysneezesintohishands,thosegermswillbepassedontootherpeople,orotherobjectsthatpeopletouch.”saidDr.Hill.Germsaremostcommonlyspreadbysneezingandcoughing.Whentheylandonyourhands,theyarepassedfromhandstothingslikebills,doorknobs（扶手）,liftbuttonsandothersurfaces.Atthesametime,thepeoplearoundyoucantouchthem.“Thesuggestionwastakenseriouslyabout10yearsago.However,mostpeopledidn'tpaymuchattentiontoit.Thatmeanstheadultsmayhavemissedtheadvice.Butchildrenareoftentaughtinschooltherightwaytocoughorsneeze.”Dr.Benjaminsaid.Tobeclear,peoplecan'tkeepawayfromalltherisksinthisway,butit'sthebestchoice.Atthesametime,we'dbetterwearmasks（口罩）andoftenwashourhands.“Handwashingisoneofthemostimportantthingspeoplecandotokeephealthy.”Dr.Hillsaid.根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。1．Accordingtothispassage,whensneezingorcoughing,you'dbetternot________.A．sneezeintoyourelbow B．coveryourmouthwithtissuesC．useyourhandtocoveryourmouth D．coveryourmouthwithyourelbow2．Ifyousneezeintohands,germscanspreadthroughthefollowingactivitiesexcept________.A．usingliftbuttons B．usingdoorknobs C．shakinghands D．washinghands3．Whichistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Ifyoudon'thavetissues,youshouldsneezeintoyourhand.B．Theadultmaybeusedtosneezingintotheirelbow.C．Parentsoftenteachtheirchildrentherightwaytocoughorsneeze.D．Wearingmasksisagoodwaytokeepawayfromgerms.4．What'sthemainpurposeofthisarticle?A．Totellusthecorrectwaytousetissueswhensneezingorcoughing.B．Totellussomecorrectwaystopreventthespreadofgerms.C．Totellusit'snecessarytosneezeorcoughintoelbow.D．Totellushowtokeepawayfromallrisks.5．Inwhichlayout（版面）ofthenewspapercanwefindthiskindofpassage?A．Health. B．Sports. C．Business. D．Education.Passage2（2021·湖南永州·中考真题）Dogsmighthavethelatesttoolsinthefightagainstcancer(癌症);theirnoses!ResearchersatCalifornia’sPineStreetFoundation(PSF)saytheyhavetrainedfivedogstosmellcanceronaprison’sbreath.Thiscouldbeexcitingnews.Adog’ssenseofsmellmaybe10,000to100,000timesstrongerthanours.Butcandogsreallysmellillness?PSFresearcherMichaelMcCullochsaysyes.“Wewereverysurprisedbyhowexacttheywere,”hesaid.“Theyweretellingwhohadcancer,andtheywerealsosayingwhodidn’t.”DogsinthePineStreetFoundationtestweretrainedtositwhentheysmelledcancer.Howwelldidtheyperform?Takealookatthischarttofindout.BreathSampleNumberofTimestheDogsSatdownNumberofTimestheDogsKeptStandingBreathfromlungcancerpatients56410Breathfromhealthypersons4708McCullochandhisteamaskedfourhealthypeopleandonewithcancertoblowintoplastictubes(塑料管).Specialmaterialsinthetubeskeptthethingsofeachbreath.Thetubeswerethenplacedoneyardapart.Finally,thedogswereallowedtosmellthetubes.Eachdoghadbeentrainedforthreeweekstositwhenitsmelledcancer.Ninety-ninepercentofthetime,thedugsatnexttothetubesblownintobypatientswithlungcancer.Thedogswereright88percentofthetimeaboutbreastcancer.Nolabtestforcancerhasgivenmorecorrectresultsthanthistest.Theresultsaresoamazingthatmanyexpertsquestionthedogs’smellingpower.Theywonderiftherewereotherreasonswhythedogsdidsowell.Forexample,theythoughtthewaythedogtrainersbehavedcouldhaveinfluencedhowthedogsacted.However,mostexpertsagreethatthisstudyisimportant.Theinformationcouldhelpscientistscreateasimplebreathtestforcancerinthefuture.Onceagain,humansmaybegettingahelpingpawornose—fromtheirbestanimalfriends.6．What’sthelatesttooladogmighthaveinthefightagainstcancer?A．Tooth. B．Nose. C．Ear.7．WhathappenedfirstinthePineStreetFoundationtest?A．Thedogsweretrained. B．Thetubeswereplacedoneyardapart.C．Thedogssmelledthetubes.8．Whatwasadogsupposedtodowhenitsmelledcancer?A．Smellagain. B．Turnaround. C．Sitdown.9．Lookatthechart.Howmanytimesdidthedogskeepstandingwhentheysmelledthebreathfromhealthypersons?A．Lessthan10times. B．Almost600times. C．About700times.10．Whydomanyexpertsquestionthedog’ssmellingpower?A．Becausenolabtestforcancerhasgivenmorecorrectresults.B．Becausethedogtrainersinfluencedhowthedogsacted.C．Becausetheydon’tthinkthisstudyisimportant.Passage3（2020·广西梧州·中考真题）Eachyearthereareatleastfivemillionpeoplearoundtheworldwhodevelopserious（流感）andalmosthalfamilliondeaths.Whensomeoneweknowgetsthefluvirus（病毒）,weexpectthemtobeverycarefulnottopassitontoothers.Doctorsandnursesworkingwithflupatientsalsoneedtoprotectthemselvesfromthevirus.Butwhatisthebestwaytodothis?ThisisthequestionthatProfessorJonathanVan-Tamistryingtoanswer.Hewantstofindouthowfluistransmitted（传播）,sothathecanstopdoctorsandnursesgettingsick.Since2008Van-TamhasbeeninchargeofanIntentionalgroupstudyinghowthefluvirustravels.Forthefirsttime,41volunteersagreedtolivetogether.Theylivedinaclinic（诊所）inCambridgeshirefortwoweeks,wheretheycameintocontactwiththefluvirus.Van-Tamexplainstheirmethods."Everyonelivestogetherinthesmallspaceforfourdays.Somewearfacemasks,andwashhandsevery15minutes,butsomehavenoprotection."Inhiswaywecanstudywhocatchesthefluandwhichwaysoftransmittingfluareimportant.Theexperiment（试验）isnotsimple.Atthemomenttheteamareworkingonthreestudies.Van-Tambelievesthatifthistypeofstudyworkswelltheresultswillhelpdecidewhatprotectionpeopleneedworkinginhospitalwithflupatientsaroundtheworld.Andperhapsitcoulddeclinethenumberofdeathsfromflueachyear.11．Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthat________.A．atleastfivemillionpeopledevelopseriousflueveryyearallovertheworldB．aboutamillionpeopledieoffluinoneyearintheworldC．itisimpossibleforthepeoplewhocatchtheflutopassthevirusontoothersD．doctorsandnurseshavefoundthebestwaytoprotectthemselvesfromthevirus12．WhydoesProfessorVan-Tamusethemethods?A．Becausehehasbeeninchargeofaninternationalgroup.B．Becausehewantsthemtocomeintocontactwiththefluvirus.C．Becausehewantstofindouthowfluistransmitted.D．Becausehecanprotectthem.13．AccordingtothemethodsVan-Tamexplain,whatdosomeofthevolunteersdointhesmallspace?A．Havenosleep. B．Wearglasses. C．Havenobreak. D．Wearfacemasks.14．Theunderlinedword"'decline"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"________".A．增加B．降落 C．控制 D．减少15．Accordingtothepassagewecaninfer（推断）that________.A．ProfessorVan-TamwantshisstudytohelpreducethepossibilityofcatchingfluB．allthevolunteersdidn'thavecontactwiththefluvirusC．thegroupledbyVan-TamonlydidonestudyD．thestudieshavealreadybeenfinishedPassage4（2020·江苏常州·中考真题）Influenza,orflu(流感),isatypeofvirus.Itspreadsfromonepersontoanotherquickly.Whensomeonewhohastheflucoughsorsneezes,littledropletsfromtheirlungs(肺)spreadoutintotheair.Anyonenearbycangetsick.Evenapersonwhotouchessomethingwiththevirusandthentoucheshisorhermouth,eyes,ornose,canbecomeinfected(感染).Theoutbreakofthe1918influenzainfectedabout500millionpeopleworldwide.Itkilledfrom20millionto50millionpeople.ItwasfirstseeninEurope,theUnitedStates,andpartsofAsia.Itthenspreadquicklyaroundtheworld.Manypeoplewhobecamesickwereyoung,healthyadults.Atthetime,notreatmentsworkedinthepreventionofthespreadofthekillerflu.Peoplewereorderedtowearmasks.Schools,theatersandotherpublicplaceswereclosed.Whenthefirstwave(波〉inthespringof1918hit,itdidn'tseemserious.Peoplewhowereinfectedfelttheusualflusymptoms(症状),whicharechills,fevers,andfeelingtired.Thosewhogotsickgenerallygotbetterafterseveraldays.Notmanydied.However,asecond,highlycontagious(传染的)waveofinfluenzaappearedinthefallofthatsameyear.Victimsdiedshortlyaftertheywereinfected—withinhoursordays.Theirskinturnedblueandtheirlungswerefilledwithliquid(液体),makingitverydifficulttobreathe.Bythesummerof1919,theflupandemic(大流行病)cametoanend.Sickpeoplehadeithergotwellordied.Almost90yearslater,in2008,researchersannouncedthey’ddiscoveredwhythe1918fluwassodeadly.Thefluvirusinflamed(使…恶化)thelungs,causingthemtofillwithliquid.Since1918,therehavebeenseveralotherinfluenzapandemics,althoughnonehasbeenquiteasdeadly.16．Whatinformationaboutthe1918fluismentionedinthepassage?A．Thereasonwhyitwassodeadly.B．Thereasonwhyitended.C．Thechangeitcausedtomedicalresearch.D．Theplaceinwhichitwaslastseen.17．Allthepeoplethatwereinfectedwiththe1918flu___________.A．hadblueskinthatledtotheirdeathB．hadtouchedsomeonewiththevirusC．diedastheirlungswerefilledwithliquidD．hadthevirusintheirbodiesthatmadethemsick18．Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthe1918fluisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Wearingamaskwasthebestwaytotreatit.B．Ayoungerpersonhadalowerriskofbeinginfectedwithit.C．Peopleexpectedthecomingofitssecondwave,butcouldn’tstopit.D．Itwasdeadlierthananyotherinfluenzapandemicinmodernhistory.Passage5（2020·青海·中考真题）Overthelastsixmonths,thecoronaviruspandemic(冠状病毒疫情)hasaffecteddifferentcountriesandregionsindifferentways.Here,we’lltakealookatafewofthemostimportanteventsthathavehappened.ItalyshutsdownOnMarch10,theItaliangovernmentdecidedtoputthewholecountryonlockdownafterthenumberofcases(病例)inthecountrystartedincreasingquickly,peopleweresuggestednotleavingtheirhome.Thefirstcasewasdetected(检测到)asearlyasJanuary31.Inthefollowingweeks,thenumberofcasesreachedover10,000bythetimeofthelockdown.Thelockdownaffected16millionpeopleacrossthecountry.Italywasoneofthefirstofmanycountriesthatcarriedoutlockdownstopreventthespreadofthevirus.WHOdeclarespandemicOnMarch11,WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)officiallycharacterized(描述)COVID-19asapandemic.Thiswasbecauseofagrowingnumberofcasesaroundtheworld.Bythistime,thereweremorethan20,0000casesinEurope,including1,000deaths,aswellas1,000casesintheUS.SummerOlympicsdelayedOnMarch24,PresidentoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)ThomasBachannouncedthe2020SummerOlympicGames,whichwereplannedtobeheldinTokyo,wouldbedelayeduntilthefollowingyearintheinterestofprotectingpubicsafety.UShitsover1millioncasesOnApril28,theUSofficiallyrecordedoveronemillionCOVID-19casesnationwide.Thiscamejustfourdaysafteritwasannouncedthatthevirushadresultedinover50,000deathsacrossthecountry.Thevirusspreadrapidlyacrossthecountry,asthefirstcasehadbeenrecordedthreemonthsearlier.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。19．Theeventsinthepassageareallconnectedwith________.A．Italy’slockdown B．OlympicgamesC．UScases D．thecoronaviruspandemic20．InParagraph2,theunderlinedword“lockdown”probablymeans________.A．封城 B．控制 C．关押 D．锁定21．COVID-19wasofficiallyannouncedasapandemicbecauseit________.A．causedthelockdownsB．hadagrowingnumberofcasesintheworldC．couldresultindeathD．spreadquicklyinEurope22．2020SummerOlympicGamesinTokyowillbedelayedbecause________.A．peoplemaynotgoduringthepandemic B．thecasesinAsiaincreasedquicklyC．ithasn’tbeenwell-prepared D．it’snecessarytoprotectpublicsafety23．Ittook________forthenumberofCOVID-19casesintheUStoreachoveronemillion.A．fourdays B．twenty-eightdaysC．threemonths D．fourmonthsPassage6（2021·重庆·四川外国语大学附属外国语学校三模）Anelderlymanvisitedadoctorandasked,“Couldyoutakealookatmywife?Herhearingisgettingworse.”Thedoctorsaid,“I’mgladtohelp.ButIdon’tknowhowbadherhearingis.Couldyougohomeanddoalittletestforme?Makesureyourwife’sbackisturnedtoyouandaskheraquestion.Ifshedoesn’tanswer,walkcloserandaskheragain.Keepdoingthisuntilsheanswersyou.”Themanwenthome.Hesawhiswifemakingdinnerwithherbacktohim.Themanasked,“What’sfordinner?”.Hiswifedidn’tanswer,sohewalkedcloserandaskedagain,“What’sfordinner?”Still,shedidn’tanswer.Thistime,hewalkedupjustbehindherandaskedonceagain,“What’sfordinner?”Hiswifeturnedaroundandsaidveryloudly,“Forthethirdtime,we’rehavingchickensoup!”24．Theoldmancametothedoctorbecause________.A．hethoughthiswifehadasorethroat B．hethoughthiswifehadbadhearingC．hethoughthecouldn’tseeanything D．hethoughthemighthaveaheadache25．Thedoctoraskedthemantogohomeand________.A．cookdinnerforhiswife B．askhowhiswifefeltC．makeadinnerplan D．testhiswife’shearing26．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．theoldmanwenttothehospitalwithhiswifeB．theladydidn’tanswerhishusbandatallC．theoldmanhimselfhadtroublehearingD．thedoctoraskedtheladytosaynothingPassage7（2021·黑龙江肇源·二模）ThenumberofpeopleworldwidewhohavediedofCOVID-19haspassedonemillion,researcherssay,withmanyregions(地区)stillreportingthegrowingnumber.ThereportbyJohnsHopkinsUniversityshowsthatdeathsintheUS,BrazilandIndiamakeupnearlyhalfofthat.Expertswarnthatthetruefactisprobablymuchhigher.“Yetwedon’twanttoloseeverysinglelife,”hesaidinavideomessage.“Theywerefathersandmothers,wivesandhusbands,brothersandsisters,friendsandcolleagues.Thepainhascausedsomuchserioussituationbythisdisease.”Thediseasehasspreadto195countrieswithmorethan60millionconfirmedcases.Theeconomy(经济)ofmanycountrieshasdescendedsomuchthatmillionsofworkerslosttheirjobs.Meanwhile,manycountrieshavedevelopedaneffectivevaccine(疫苗)buttheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)haswarnedthatthedeathtoll(死亡人数)couldhittwomillionbeforeoneiswidelyavailable.Choosetherightansweraccordingtothepassage.27．WeknowthatthedeathintheUS,BrazilandIndiaprobablyhastakenupmorethan________inthereallife.A．10% B．30% C．50% D．40%28．Themeaningoftheword“descend”inParagraph3is________.A．improve B．reduce C．succeed D．fail29．WHOhaswarnedthatthedeathtollcouldhittwomillionbeforethe________iswidelyavailable.A．disease B．virus C．economy D．vaccine30．Whichrelationshipisn’tmentionedinParagraph2?A．Fathersandmothers. B．Wivesandhusbands.C．Sonsandfathers. D．Brothersandsisters.31．Wecanseethispassageina________.A．newspaper B．guidebook C．storybook D．sportsmagazinePassage8（2021·浙江浙江·模拟预测）Therearealotofadvantagesofbeingtallbesidesbeingabletoreachthetopshelfwithoutastepladder.Morecash?That’sright:tallmenearnmoremoney,reportsLiveScience.Ontheotherhand,thereisalsoahugedisadvantage.AccordingtoanewstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaRiverside,tallpeoplemaybemorelikelytodevelopcancer.LeonardNunney,aresearcheratUCRiverside,reviewedfourlargepopulationstudiesabouttheheightandcancer.Nunneystudiedmorethan10,000casesofcancer,andwhenhelookedattheresultgivenaperson’sheight,hefoundthatthecancerriskrisesby10percentforeveryfourinchesabovetheaverageheightapersonis-averagebeing5'4"forwomenand5'9"formen.“Ifyouwerecomparingafive-footguytoabasketballplayerwho’soversevenfeettall,thenthatbasketballplayerwouldhavearoundtwicetheriskofcanceracrosstheboard,”hesaid.Inthestudy,whichwaspublishedinProceedindsoftheRoyalSocietyB,Nunneyexplainedthatonepossiblereasonwhytallpeoplehaveanincreasedriskofcancermaybebecauseofthesimplefactthattheyhavemorecells(细胞)intheirbodies.Themorecelldivisionhappensinyou,thegreaterthechancesthatcellswillleadtotumour(肿瘤)growth.Nunneyfoundthattheconnectionbetweentheheightandcancerriskwasnearlythesamewith18outofthe23typesofcancerhetracked.Healsodiscoveredthatskincancerriskhadanunexpectedlystrongrelationshipwiththeheight.Andtallerwomenhadanincreasedriskofthyroid(甲状腺)cancer,aswell.32．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Tallpeoplemaybemoresuccessfulinaworkplace. B．Therearemanydisadvantagesofbeingtall.C．Shortpeoplearehealthierthantallerones. D．Tallpeoplearemoreworriedaboutmoney.33．Whichmightbethereasonwhytallpeoplearemorelikelytodevelopcancer?A．Theyhavetobowtheirheadsmoreoften. B．Theircellsareweakerthanothers’.C．Thenumberoftheircellsislarger. D．Theyexerciselessbecauseoftheheight.34．Whatdoesthetexttellusabouttherelationshipbetweencancerandheight?A．Alltypesofcancerareaffectedbytheheight. B．Tallpeoplearemorelikelytohaveskincancer.C．Tallwomenareatalowerriskofdevelopingcancer. D．Theheightisthemainpartincausingcancer.35．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toadvisepeopletocontroltheheight. B．Toshowpeopleanewdiscovery.C．Tocomparetallpeoplewithshortones. D．Toasktallpeopletoseedoctors.答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页参考答案：1．C2．D3．D4．B5．A【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了打喷嚏或咳嗽时，不要用手捂住嘴，同时我们要经常洗手，这样可以防止细菌传播，同时介绍了防止细菌传播的其它正确方法。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ifyoudon'thavetissues,youshouldsneezeintoyourelbow,notyourhand,evenifyouareusedtodoingthat.”可知，当打喷嚏或咳嗽时，如果你没有纸巾，你应该用肘部而不是手打喷嚏。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Handwashingisoneofthemostimportantthingspeoplecandotokeephealthy.”可知，洗手是人们为了保持健康所能做的最重要的事情之一，这样可以阻止细菌的传播。故选D。3．判断正误题。根据最后一段“Atthesametime,we'dbetterwearmasks（口罩）andoftenwashourhands.”可知，为了阻止细菌传播，我们最好戴口罩，所以戴口罩是一种远离病菌的好方法，D选项表述正确。故选D。4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Buthowtocoveryourmouthisveryimportant.”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了防止细菌传播的正确方法。故选B。5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了防止细菌传播的正确方法，属于健康的范畴，所以应该会在报纸的健康版面见到这篇短文。故选A。6．B7．A8．C9．C10．B【解析】【分析】文章介绍了狗利用它们灵敏的嗅觉识别癌症的事情，并通过实例证实，由此说明狗可能对医学问题有帮助。6．细节理解题。根据“Dogsmighthavethelatesttoolsinthefightagainstcancer(癌症);theirnoses!”可知，狗可能拥有最新的抗癌工具是它们的鼻子，故选B。7．推理判断题。根据“DogsinthePineStreetFoundationtestweretrainedtositwhentheysmelledcancer.Howwelldidtheyperform?Takealookatthischarttofindout.”可推知，松树街基金会的狗在嗅到癌症的实验中首先是要接受训练。故选A。8．细节理解题。根据“Finally,thedogswereallowedtosmellthetubes.Eachdoghadbeentrainedforthreeweekstositwhenitsmelledcancer.”可知，狗如果嗅到了癌症就会坐下来，故选C。9．细节理解题。根据表格中的显示“Breathfromhealthypersons”和“NumberofTimestheDogsKeptStanding”对应的数字是708，故选C。10．细节理解题。根据“Theresultsaresoamazingthatmanyexpertsquestionthedogs’smellingpower...Forexample,theythoughtthewaythedogtrainersbehavedcouldhaveinfluencedhowthedogsacted.”可知，许多专家质疑狗的嗅觉能力。他们认为驯狗师的行为方式可能会影响狗的行为。故选B。11．A12．C13．D14．D15．A【解析】【分析】文章大意：短文主要介绍Van-Tam一直研究流感病毒如何传播的。他认为，如果这类研究效果良好，研究结果将有助于决定全世界在医院治疗流感患者时需要什么样的保护措施，或许还能减少每年死于流感的人数。11．细节理解题。根据第一段Eachyearthereareatleastfivemillionpeoplearoundtheworldwhodevelopserious（流感）andalmosthalfamilliondeaths每年全世界至少有500万人患上严重疾病，近50万人死亡。可知，全世界每年至少有500万人患上严重流感，故选A。12．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段Inhiswaywecanstudywhocatchesthefluandwhichwaysoftransmittingfluareimportant以他的方法，我们可以研究谁感染了流感，哪些传播流感的方式是重要的。可知，Van-Tam使用他的研究方法，是因为他想知道流感是怎么传播的。故选C。13．细节理解题。根据第三段Van-Tamexplainstheirmethods."Everyonelivestogetherinthesmallspaceforfourdays．Somewearfacemasks,andwashhandsevery15minutes,butsomehavenoprotection．"Van-Tam解释了他们的方法：“每个人在这个小空间里住了四天，有些人戴着口罩，每隔15分钟洗手一次，但有些人没有任何保护措施。”可知，一些志愿者在这个狭小的空间里戴口罩。故选D。14．词意猜测题。最后一段perhapsitcoulddeclinethenumberofdeathsfromflueachyear也许它可以___每年死于流感的人数。根据上一句Van-Tambelievesthatifthistypeofstudyworkswelltheresultswillhelpdecidewhatprotectionpeopleneedworkinginhospitalwithflupatientsaroundtheworld．Van-Tam认为，如果这类研究效果良好，研究结果将有助于决定世界各地的流感患者在医院工作时需要什么样的保护措施。可知，decline的意思应该是“减少”死于流感的人数。故选D。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段Andperhapsitcoulddeclinethenumberofdeathsfromflueachyear.也许它可以减少每年死于流感的人数。可知，Van-Tam教授希望他的研究能帮助减少患流感的可能性。故选A。16．A17．C18．D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述1918年的流感的爆发以及它如此的致命的原因。16．主旨大意题。根据“Theoutbreakofthe1918influenzainfected…”,“Whenthefirstwaveinthespringof1918hit,…”以及“researchersannouncedthey’ddiscoveredwhythe1918fluwassodeadly”可概括出文章主要介绍1918年的流感如此的致命的原因，故选A。17．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“whythe1918fluwassodeadly.Thefluvirusinflamedthelungs,causingthemtofillwithliquid”流感病毒使肺恶化，导致肺充满了液体。故选C。18．推理判断题。A选项戴口罩是治疗的最好办法文中没有提到，A选项排除。根据“Manypeoplewhobecamesickwereyoung,healthyadults”很多人生病都是年轻健康的成年人，B选项“更年轻的人被感染的风险低一些”表述错误。根据倒数第三段“Whenthefirstwaveinthespringof1918hit,itdidn'tseemserious…Thosewhogotsickgenerallygotbetterafterseveraldays.Notmanydied”第一波不是很严重，很多生病的人几天之后都好转了没人死亡，以及倒数第二段“Bythesummerof1919,theflupandemiccametoanend.Sickpeoplehadeithergotwellordied”1919年夏天流感结束，生病的人要么康复要么死了，C选项“人们期望第二波流感的爆发，但是不能阻止它”表述错误。根据最后一段“Since1918,therehavebeenseveralotherinfluenzapandemics,althoughnonehasbeenquiteasdeadly”自从1918有其他的流感没有一个有那样致命。可知它比现代历史上的其他流感更致命。D选项表述正确。故选D。19．D20．A21．B22．D23．C【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲述了在过去的六个月，冠状病毒疫情以不同的方式影响不同的国家和地区。19．细节理解题。根据第1段中“Overthelastsixmonths,thecoronaviruspandemichasaffecteddifferentcountriesand