2022中考阅读理解热点话题练 专题02 新冠病毒（解析版）

PAGE10PAGE92022中考阅读理解热点话题练专题02新冠病毒Passage1（2021·广西玉林·中考真题）InthefightagainstCOVID-19,manynationalheroeshavebecomewell-knowntothepublic.OnAugust11,2020,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingcommended（表彰）fourofthemfortheiroutstandingcontribution（杰出的贡献）.ZhongNanshanwasgiventheMedaloftheRepublic（共和国勋章）.HehasbeenleadingtheChinesegovernment’seffortsinthefightagainstCOVID-19.TheoldexpertgotaresultthatCOVID-19couldbespreadbetweenhumans.“ThePeople’sHero”wasgiventothreeothers.TheyareZhangBoli,ZhangDingyuandChenWei.ZhangBoliisatraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）expert.Hehasbeeninchargeof（负责）theresearchofCOVID-19treatments（治疗）connectingTCMwithWesternmedicine.ZhangDingyuwastheheadofWuhan’sJinyintanHospitalin2020.Hegotanillnessin2018.However,hechosetostaywithhispartnersinWuhantosavelives.ChenWeiisaprofessor.ShehasmadegreatachievementsintheresearchonCOVID-19.SheisalsooneofthekeyleadersinChina’sEbolavaccine（埃博拉疫苗）research.Thepurposeofgivingthenation’stophonorstothesepeoplewastoshowthegreatcourageandthespiritofworkingtogetheroftheChinesepeople.1．Howmanypeoplewasgiven“thePeople’sHero”byChinesePresidentXiJinping?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.2．Whogotanillnessin2018accordingtothepassage?A．ZhongNanshan. B．ZhangBoli. C．ZhangDingyu. D．ChenWei.3．Whichofthefollowingisrightinthepassage?A．ChenWeiistheheadofWuhan’sJinyintanHospital.B．ZhangDingyuisatraditionalChinesemedicineexpert.C．ZhongNanshangotaresultthatCOVID-19couldnotbespreadbetweenhumans.D．ZhangBolihasbeeninchargeoftheresearchconnectingTCMwithWesternmedicine.1．C2．C3．D【分析】文章介绍了在与COVID-19的战斗中，涌现出了许多民族英雄，其中四位杰出的贡献者受到了国家主席的表彰。1．细节理解题。根据““ThePeople’sHero”wasgiventothreeothers.”可知，“人民英雄”的称号送给另外三个人，故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“ZhangDingyuwastheheadofWuhan’sJinyintanHospitalin2020.Hegotanillnessin2018.”可知，张定于在2018年生病了，故选C。3．推理判断题。根据“ZhangBoliisatraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）expert.Hehasbeeninchargeof（负责）theresearchofCOVID-19treatments（治疗）connectingTCMwithWesternmedicine.”可知，张伯礼负责中西医结合的研究。故选D。Passage2（2021·广西贺州·中考真题）Thewinterof2019seemedlongerandcolderthanthatinanyotheryearbecauseofCOVID-19（新冠肺炎）.ByThursday,March5th,2020,over30,000medicalworkershavegonetoWuhan.Theywerefightinginaspecial“war”.Notonlythepatientsbutalsothedoctorsandnursesfacedtheriskoflife.OneofthemisDongJie,adoctor.Hedidagoodjobduringthe2003SARS,sohewenttothisnewwar.HesaidhecouldsharehisexperienceinSARSwiththedoctorsandgivethemconfidence.Heoftenshowedthemedicalworkershowtowearspecialclothesproperlyandbetterprotectthemselves.Healsotaughtthemhowtotreatpatients.Inordertopreventtheillnessfromspreading,allthepublicservicesmustbeclosed.Therewerethreespecialbarberswithmasks（口罩）inHefei.TheyhavehelpedhundredsofpeoplecuthairsinceFebruary15th.Theywerebusyvisitingdifferentplacesinthecityaswellasthecountrysideandofferingfreeservicefrom2p.m.tilleveningeveryday.ZhengWenyuandYeQiangiuarestudents.TheytriedtheirbesttocalloneveryonetoraisemoneyforWuhan.Manyteenagersgaveawaytheirpocketmoneyandluckymoney.Theyraisedabout120,000yuanaftertwodays.Theyusedittobuy60tonsofvegetablesfromlocalfarmersandsentthemtoWuhan.AlltheInternetpeoplecalledthemheroesandtheysetagoodexample.根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。4．WhatisDongJie’sjob?A．Heisastudent. B．Heisateacher. C．Heisadoctor. D．Heisabarber.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthethirdparagraphreferto?A．Thedoctors. B．Thevolunteerbarbers.C．Thestudents. D．Thepatients.6．Whatcanweknowfromthefourthparagraph?A．ZhengWenyuandYeQianqiuaretwoteachers.B．ManyteenagersgaveawaytheirmoneytoWuhan.C．ZhengWenyuandYeQianqiugaveawayabout12,000yuan.D．Thelocalfarmersbought60tonsofvegetablesandsentthemtoWuhan.7．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowtofightagainstCOVID-19.B．TheheroesinfightingagainstCOVID-19.C．Howtobeagooddoctor.D．HowtoraisemoneyforWuhan.4．C5．B6．B7．B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍在新冠肺炎期间我们生活中的英雄。4．细节理解题。根据“OneofthemisDongJie,adoctor.”可知，董杰是一名医生，故选C。5．推理判断题。根据“Therewerethreespecialbarberswithmasks（口罩）inHefei.TheyhavehelpedhundredsofpeoplecuthairsinceFebruary15th.”可知，合肥有三个戴面具的特殊理发师，自2月15日以来，他们已经帮助数百人理发。此处they指的是threespecialbarbers，故选B。6．推理判断题。根据“TheytriedtheirbesttocalloneveryonetoraisemoneyforWuhan.Manyteenagersgaveawaytheirpocketmoneyandluckymoney.”可知，他们尽最大努力号召大家为武汉筹集资金，许多青少年把他们的零用钱和压岁钱捐了出来。故选B。7．最佳标题题。本文向我们介绍在新冠肺炎期间我们生活中的英雄。选项B“抗击新冠肺炎的英雄”符合主题，故选B。Passage3（2021·青海·中考真题）It’sbeenoverayearsinceCOVID-19firstappearedandtheviruscontinuestobeaprobleminmanypartsoftheworld,scientistshaverealizedthedevelopmentofvaccines(疫苗)isasolutiontothepandemic.Aglobalefforttovaccinateasmanypeopleaspossiblewouldbeneeded,sincevaccinestypicallytakeyearstodevelop.OnDec2,2020,thefirstCOVIDvaccine,thePfizervaccine,wasapproved(批准)byUKhealthdepartment.However,thesevaccinesmustbestoredatverylowtemperatures,whichisnotpossibleeverywhere.Inresponse,ChinesecompanieslikeSinopharmandSinovachavedevelopedvaccinesthatcanbekeptatnormaltemperatures.Now,vaccinesarebeingrolledoutallovertheworld,withmillionsofpeoplebeingvaccinatedeveryday.InChina,285millionvaccinedoses(剂量)hadbeengivensofar.Meanwhile,theUShasgivenout247milliondoses.TheUKnowstandsat50milliondoses.Althoughtherehavebeenrumorsaboutvaccinesbeingunsafe,mostofpeopleseemtorealizetheimportanceofvaccinationforbuildingmassimmunity(群体免疫)inordertostopthevirusfromspreading.Theworldhascometounderstandthatthevaccineswillprotectus.Therefore,sharingvaccineshasbecomeakeyfactorofstayingsafeandhealthyworldwide.Unfortunately,noteveryonecangetthevaccineyet.Childrenbelowtheageof16can’tbevaccinatedbecausetheyhavenotyetbeentestedonthem.Thosewhohaveahistoryofvaccineallergies(过敏)shouldn’tgetit,either.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。8．Thevaccinedevelopedby________cannotbestoredatnormaltemperatures.A．UKhealthdepartment B．SinopharmC．Sinovac D．Pfizer9．Accordingtothepassage,________millionvaccinedoseshadbeengivensofarinChina.A．50 B．247 C．285 D．58210．Inparagraph4,theunderlinedword‘‘rumors”probablymeans________.A．谎言 B．谣言 C．建议 D．骗局11．Thepurposeforvaccinatingasmanypeopleaspossibleisto________.A．buildmassimmunity B．sharethevaccinesC．developvaccinesquickly D．geteveryonevaccinated12．Inparagraph5,theword“they”,intheunderlinedsentencerefersto________.A．children B．companies C．vaccines D．experts8．D9．C10．B11．A12．C【分析】本文主要介绍为了解决新冠肺炎病毒的传播，人们陆续意识到接种疫苗的重要性，本文主要以数据来说明接种疫苗的普遍性，以及不能接种疫苗的人群有哪些。8．细节理解题。根据“OnDec2,2020,thefirstCOVIDvaccine,thePfizervaccine,wasapproved(批准)byUKhealthdepartment”可知，由辉瑞疫苗研制的疫苗不能在正常温度中储存，故选D。9．细节理解题。根据“InChina,285millionvaccinedoses(剂量)hadbeengivensofar”可知，到目前为止，中国共接种了2.85亿剂疫苗，故选C。10．词义猜测题。根据“Althoughtherehavebeenrumorsaboutvaccinesbeingunsafe,mostofpeopleseemtorealizetheimportanceofvaccinationforbuildingmassimmunity(群体免疫)inordertostopthevirusfromspreading”可知，尽管还有很多关于疫苗不安全的谣言，但是大部分人们已经意识到接种疫苗的重要性，所以rumors表示“谣言”，故选B。11．细节理解题。根据“mostofpeopleseemtorealizetheimportanceofvaccinationforbuildingmassimmunity(群体免疫)inordertostopthevirusfromspreading”可知，让尽可能多的人接种疫苗的目的是建立群体免疫，故选A。12．词义猜测题。根据“Childrenbelowtheageof16can’tbevaccinatedbecausetheyhavenotyetbeentestedonthem”可知，此处指这些疫苗还没有在16岁以下孩子身上测试过，所以they指代“疫苗”，故选C。Passage4（2020·江苏·仪征市实验初中三模）Whatisahero?Wemaythinkofthefictionalcharacterswithsuperpowersorgreatpeoplewhocaninfluenceworldevents.Now,asthenationcontinuesitsall-outeffortstofightagainstthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(新冠肺炎),medicalworkershavebecomeheroesintheeyesofthepublic.AsofFeb19,atotalof32,000medicalworkersoutsideHubeiprovincehavebeenworkingtotreatpatientsaroundthecenteroftheoutbreak.ZhangDingyu,thepresidentofWuhanJinyintanHospital,isoneoftheseheroes,sincethehospitalreceivedthefirstsevenpatientsinDecember,Zhanghasbeensobusythathebarelygetsanysleep.Evensufferingfromamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(肌萎缩侧索硬化),the56-year-olddoctorisdoinghisbesttoquickenhispacetosaveprecioustimeforinfectedpatients.“Ihavetorun,racingagainsttimetosavemorepatientsfromthedeadlydisease,becauseIdon’thavemuchtimeleftinmylife,”ZhangtoldXinhuaNewsAgency.Withthedutyofsavinglives,manymedicalprofessionalslikeZhanghavebeenworkinglonghoursfordays,despitetheirfearandworries.LuJingjingfromWuhanChildren’sHospitalalsoworksatatemporarymobilehospital.Shedoesnotletherparentsknowthatsheisnowworkingwithnovelcoronavirus-infectedpatients.Whenherparentsaskforavideochat,Lusayssheisworkingandletsherhusbandandchildrenchatwiththeminstead.“It’sdangerousbutweshouldwinthebattlewiththevirusassoonaspossible,sothatmedicalworkersandpatientscangobackhome,”shetoldChinaDaily.USwriterKhalilGibran(1883-1931)oncewrote,“Gentlenessandkindnessarenotsignsofweaknessandhopelessness,butthemanifestationsofstrengthanddetermination.”It’strueforthemedicalworkers.Everyonehasfear,especiallywhenitcomestodeadlydiseases.Butformedicalworkers,savinglivescomesfirstandisenoughforthemtobebraveandstayonthefront.Theymaylooklikeordinarypeopleindailylife,butintheseextraordinary(不同寻常的)times,theyareheroes.13．WhatdowelearnfromZhangDingyu’swords?A．Hisillnesshasturnedhimintoanimpatientman. B．Hisillnessmakeshimworkwithoutanyfear.C．Hefeelssorryforhimselfbecauseofhisillness. D．Hewantstohelpasmanypatientsaspossible.14．Whydoesn’tLuJingjinganswerherparents’videocalls?A．Sheistoobusyandhasnotimeforvideochats. B．Shedoesn’twantherparentstoworryabouther.C．It’snotallowedtomakeavideocallfromthehospital. D．Thereisnonetworksignalatthetemporarymobilehospital.15．Theunderlinedword“manifestations”inthesecond-to-lastparagraphprobablymeans________.A．results B．differences C．symbols D．advantages16．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A．Toexplainhowthenovelcoronaviruspneumoniainfluencedus.B．TopraisemedicalworkersfortheireffortstofighttheNCP.C．TodescribewhatmeasuresChinahastakentodealwiththevirus.D．ToshowthedifficultiesfacedbythemedicalworkerstreatingNCPpatients.13．D14．B15．C16．B【分析】本文主要介绍了两个医务人员的事迹，在新冠肺炎疫情期间，医务人员成为了公众眼里的英雄。13．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Ihavetorun,racingagainsttimetosavemorepatientsfromthedeadlydisease,becauseIdon’thavemuchtimeleftinmylife”可知，张定宇认为自己生命中没有多少时间了，他必须争分夺秒地把更多的病人从致命的疾病中拯救回来，所以他是想帮助尽可能多的病人。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Shedoesnotletherparentsknowthatsheisnowworkingwithnovelcoronavirus-infectedpatients”和第七段中“It’sdangerous…”可知，她现在正在为新型冠状病毒感染患者工作，这项工作具有一定的危险性，她不让父母知道她现在所从事的工作，说明她不想让父母担心。故选B。15．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Gentlenessandkindnessarenotsignsofweaknessandhopelessness,butthemanifestationsofstrengthanddetermination”可知，温柔和善良不是软弱和绝望的表现，划线部分单词manifestations与signs对应，意思应为“表现、象征”，所以与symbols意思相近。故选C。16．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Now,asthenationcontinuesitsall-outeffortstofightagainstthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(新冠肺炎),medicalworkershavebecomeheroesintheeyesofthepublic.”并结合全文可知，随着国家继续全力抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎，医务人员已成为公众眼中的英雄，文章同时列举了两位医护人员在抗击新冠肺炎中的事迹，所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是赞扬医护人员为抗击新冠肺炎所做出的努力。故选B。Passage5（2020·山东·济宁学院附属中学三模）Sincetheoutbreakofnovelcoronaviruspneumonia(NCP新冠肺炎),manypeoplehavebeenlivinginfear.Thisisnormal,asthediseaseisinfectious(传染性的)anddangerous.However,somepeopleturnpaleatthementionof“peoplefromWuhanorHubeiprovince”,thecenteroftheoutbreak.DingBaixing,adoctoratHuashanHospitalinShanghai,hasseenthishimself.Hetreatedasuspected(疑似的)patientsurnamedChenwhotraveledfromWuhantoShanghai.Chenappeareddesperate(绝望的)andavoidedotherpatients,asheworriedthattheywouldbeafraidofhim.Chenisnotalone.ChenXue,aneditorworkinginBeijing,wenttoChongliinHebeiforaskitriponJan23.Thoughhertemperaturewasfineandshehasn’tbeentoherhometownHubeiprovincesinceOctoberlastyear,thehotelshewasintoldherthatitwouldn’treceiveHubeiguestsfromthenextday.However,therealenemyisthevirus–notthepatientsorpeoplefromWuhanorHubeiprovince.SingaporeanPrimeMinisterLeeHsienLoongechoedthisideainaspeechattheChineseNewYeardinner.“EventhoughthevirusstartedinWuhan,itdoesn’trespectnationalityorrace(种族).Itdoesnotcheckyourpassportbeforeitgoesintoyourbody.Anybodycanbeinfected,”hesaid.Itisnotthepatients’faultthattheyhavebeeninfected.Thereisnoreasontoblamethem.Ifpatientsdidn’tgotothehospitalforfearofdiscrimination(歧视),theviruscouldspreadtomorepeople.“Protectingthemisjustasimportantasprotectingourselves,”Dingsaid.17．WhydosomepeopletreatpeoplefromWuhanorHubeiprovinceunfairly?A．Becausethosepeoplelookdangerous. B．Becausetheywanttoliveanormallife.C．Becausethosepeoplecarrythevirus. D．Becausetheyareafraidofgettinginfected.18．ChenXuewastoldto________.A．gettreatmentinahospital B．avoidmeetingotherpatientsC．checkhertemperaturethreetimeswhileskiing D．checkoutofthehotelshewasinthenextday19．SingaporeanPrimeMinisterLeeHsienLoongistellingusthat________.A．weshouldn’tbeafraidofNCP B．itisn’tsafetostayinothercountriesC．therealenemyisthevirus D．thevirushasaffectedmanypeople20．Whatisthepurposeofthestory?A．Tocallonpeopletostopdiscrimination. B．Toshowhowpeople’slivesareaffectedbyNCP.C．Toasksuspectedpatientstogotohospitals. D．TofindoutwhoisresponsiblefortheNCPoutbreak.17．D18．D19．C20．A【分析】这是一篇议论文，本文讲述了由于新冠病毒肺炎的爆发，很多人一谈到湖北人或武汉人就会色变，即使他们没有被感染，人们也会不公正地对待他们。文章举了几个具体的例子，说明这些人受到的不公平待遇，作者还引用了新加坡总理李显龙的话，告诉人们真正的敌人是病毒，而不是这些患者或来自湖北和武汉的人，最后作者号召人们不要歧视这些患者，也不要歧视来自湖北和武汉的人，并认为保护这些患者就是保护我们自己。17．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sincetheoutbreakofnovelcoronaviruspneumonia,manypeoplehavebeenlivinginfear”新冠肺炎让很多人活在恐惧之中及“somepeopleturnpaleatthementionof‘peoplefromWuhanorHubeiprovince’,thecenteroftheoutbreak”一些人提到来自湖北或武汉就会色变，就只是因为湖北或武汉是疫情中心。可知，人们不敢和湖北人或武汉人在一起因为怕受感染。故选D。18．细节理解题。根据第三段“thehotelshewasintoldherthatitwouldn’treceiveHubeiguestsfromthenextday”可知她住的旅馆告诉她，从第二天起就不接待湖北客人了。可知她被告知第二天从旅馆结账走人。故选D。19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However,therealenemyisthevirus”及“SingaporeanPrimeMinisterLeeHsienLoongechoedthisideainaspeechattheChineseNewYeardinner”可知真正的敌人是病毒，而不是来自武汉或湖北的病人或人。新加坡总理李显龙在春节晚宴上的讲话中也表达了同样的观点。故选C。20．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Itisnotthepatients’faultthattheyhavebeeninfected.Thereisnoreasontoblamethem”文章讲述湖北人外出受到不平等的对待，说明比病毒更可怕是歧视和偏见。文章的目的是为了呼吁大家停止歧视和偏见。A选项符合文意。选A。Passage6（2021·浙江锦绣育才教育科技集团有限公司模拟预测）ZhangDingyuisthedirectorofWuhanJinyintanHospital,whichisoneofthehospitalsinWuhan,HubeiProvince.ItisorderedtoacceptpatientswiththeCOVID-19.Hehasbeensobusyrecentlythathegoestobedatabout2a.m.andgetsuparound4a.m.Alongwithmorethan600partners,the57-year-olddoctorhasbeentreatingpatientssincethehospitalreceivedthefirstsevenpeoplewiththeCOVID-19.Zhangisseriouslyill,anditisdifficultforhimtowalk.Hislegsarebecomingweakerandweakerbecauseoftheillness.Buthe’sdoinghisbesttowalkfastertosavetimeforpatientsinfectedwiththeCOVID-19inWuhan.OnFeb.2,37patientswhowereinfectedwiththevirus,withtheoldestofthembeing88,leftthehospitalafterrecoveringwiththehelpofmedicalworkers.Zhang’swifeisalsoamedicalworkerworkingatanotherhospitalinWuhan.ShewasinfectedwiththevirusandhospitalizedonJan,19.Shewasluckyenoughtorecover,too.ButZhangcontinuedworkingtirelessly,andthoughitwasdifficulttomovequickly,hesaid,“Ihavetorun,racingagainsttimetosavemorepatientsfromthedeadlydisease.Ihaveneverfeltsuchpressureastoday.”Headded,“Forme,myillnessislikeaswordhangingintheair,butIhaven’tgotanytimetothinkaboutit.”Zhangandhispartnershavebeentootiredbecauseofwork.“Normally,nurses