2022中考热点题型归纳与变式练 专题15 阅读理解（原卷版）

中考热点题型归纳与变式练专题15阅读理解【题型一】阅读理解之应用文【典例分析】（2021·贵州黔南·中考真题）TheOlympicGamesbeganinOlympia,inancientGreece.Theyweremadeupofmanysports.Theystillexisttoday.TheserunnersaretakingpartinthemodernOlympics.AttheancientOlympicstherewerewrestlingmatches.Someathleteshurledadiscusasfarastheycould.AnotherpopularOlympicsportwasthelongjump.Menracedaroundatrackinchariotspulledbyhorses.ThemodernOlympicsareheldallovertheworld.Onlythebestathletestakepart.ATHENSAthensisthecapitalofGreece.ItwasthehostcityofthefirstmodernOlympicGamesin1896.ThegamestookplaceinthePanathenaicStadium.BEIJINGBeijingisthecapitalofChina.Ithostedthe2008OlympicGames.TheopeningceremonywasintheNationalStadium.Itisalsocalled“theBird’sNest”.LONDONLondonisthecapitalofGreatBritain.IthashostedtheOlympicGamesthreetimesin1908,1948and2012,morethananyothercity.ThegamestookplaceintheWimbledonStadium.1．Howmanysportsarementionedinthismaterial?________A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.2．WhichcityheldthefirstmodernOlympicGames?________A．Athens. B．Beijing. C．London.3．Theopeningceremonyofthe2008OlympicGameswasin________.A．theNationalStadium B．thePanathenaicStadium C．theWimbledonStadium4．Thismaterialismostprobablytakenfrom________.A．astorybook B．amagazine C．anadvertisement【提分秘籍】考点扫描阅读理解主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解考试文体中一般会有一篇记叙文，话题主要是关于人物经历及感受、咨询或建议、特殊人物介绍、跨文化介绍和活动计划等，形式可为日记、对话或短文等。考查方式上多为4道细节理解题和1道推理判断题或1道主旨大意题。阅读理解考试也少不了应用文体，主要为海报信息、旅游信息和广告信息等广告图表类等，--般图表为1~4个框，框前有对表格整体内容的文字介绍。试题的选材贴近考生生活，时代气息浓郁，考查方式上多为3~5道细节理解题，偶尔考查1道数字计算题或1道推理判断题。阅读理解也会出现说明文。话题多涉及个人成长、咨询或建议、特殊人物介绍、跨文化介绍等。文章以传递生活和学习正能量为主。如:梦想的重要性、如何面对生活、产生痛苦的原因及解决方法等。考查方式为:前两道小题多为细节理解题，中间1道为词义猜测题，1道为推理判断题，1道为主旨大意题或标题归纳题。做题技巧一、快速浏览问题。读问题时最好能判断哪些问题可在文章中直接找出答案，哪些需要下结论等。二、带着问题重读。重读时，务必在头脑中记下尚未回答的问题，对文章有总体理解，注意文章的一些细微之处。此方法特别适用于表格型文体和罗列各种信息的文章。阅读前明确任务，设置各种阅读活动，培养自己有目的的阅读，这是提高阅读能力的一种实用技巧。可采用以下几种方法训练:1.题干定位法题干定位法属于“查读法”的一种。应用文阅读材料包含的信息非常全面，但在中考试题中，它通常就某一点提问。因此，以细节理解为主，考生完全没必要从头到尾仔细阅读。在做此类题时，宜采用“题干定位法”，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题的要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位，从而快速寻找有效信息。再将原文和选项进行比较。当问题与原文材料相同的时候，对号入座;如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。2.补全成分法省略词和省略句在应用文中大量出现。对于影响语境理解的省略情况，我们应将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解其意思。3.信息再加工法此方法主要用于词义或句意推测题，以及涉及数字转换的判断推理题。此类题目需要考生对原文相关信息做正确理解,并通过推理判断或计算，对信息进行再加工。【变式演练】阅读理解之应用文第1篇（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Summerreadingprogrammesencouragestudentstoreadinthesummerholiday.Belowyou’llfindalistofsummerreadingprogrammesthisyearthatwillofferyoufreethingslikebooks.Giftcardsandmore.XianfengSummerReadingProgrammeThisyeartheprogrammegivesoutafreebooktoeachchildwhoreadsandrecords5booksduringthesummer.ThisprogrammeisforstudentsinGrade1—6.ThisfreeprogrammerunsfromJuly1toAugust31.XinhuaSummerReadingProgrammeStudentscangetafreebaseballcapthissummerfromthisreadingprogramme.Thestudentsmustread4oftherecommendedbooksandfillaformtoshowwhichonestheyread.Theprogrammegoesonallyearround.SanlianSummerReadingChallengeSanlianbookstoreswillgiveyoungreadersaStarReadercertificate（证书）andadiscountcard（打折卡）iftheyreadany8booksoverthesummer.ThisprogrammeisforstudentsinGrade7—9.ThisprogrammerunsfromMay1toSeptember1.DangdangSummerReadingChallengeDangdanghasareadingchallengewherestudentsreadonlineandthenrecordtheminutesthey’veread.Theycanalsotakeweeklychallengestogetrewards.ThisprogrammerunsfromJuly1toOctober1.1.Thispassageisaboutfoursummerreadingprogrammesfor________.A．teachers B．parents C．students D．onlinereaders2．Studentscanget________fromXianfengSummerReadingProgrammeiftheyfinishthetask.A．afreebook B．afreebaseballcap C．acertificate D．adiscountcard3．Amongthefourprogrammes,________laststhelongest.A．XianfengSummerReadingProgramme B．XinhuaSummerReadingProgrammeC．SanlianSummerReadingChallenge D．DangdangSummerReadingChallenge4．ReaderscangetDangdangrewardsby________.A．reading8books B．takingweeklychallengesC．fillingaformtoshowthebookstheyread D．recordingthenumberofthebookstheyread5．Thepurposeofthefourprogrammesis________.A．tohelpbookstoressellbooks B．togivestudentssomefreethingsC．toshowstudentstheimportanceofreading D．toencouragestudentstoreadmorebooks阅读理解之应用文第2篇（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）DearSigmundFriend,Mybrotherplaystheguitarverywell,somyparentssignedmeup(报名)forguitartoo.ButI’mjustnotaguitargirl.WhatshouldIdo?Can’tHoldDearCan’tHold,Thankyouforyourletter.Whileyourparentswantyoutoplaytheguitar,minehopedI’dplaybaseball.Youwouldbeamazedathowmuchmyparentslovebaseball.Mydadwasthestarplayeronhisschoolteam,andtheyfirstmetinlinetobuyhotdogsatabaseballgame!Yearsago,myparentsthoughtbaseballwouldjustbeinmybloodandI’dbeatalentedplayer.BeforeIcouldsay“Thanks,butnothanks”,theyhadsignedmeupandorderedmyuniform!Don’tgetmewrong.Mytrainingonbaseballwasn’tterrible.Ourcoachwasniceandthekidsonourteamweregreat.EventhoughIneverbecameverygoodatbaseball,Ididimprovebytheendofthatseason.Thensomethingunexpectedhappenedoneday.Mygrandmothertookmetothecommunitypoolonthewayhomeafterthebaseballpractice.ItturnedouttobethebesttimeIeverhad.IswamhappilywithaboycalledBenandlaterwebecamegoodfriends.Thenwedecidedtojoinaswimmingteam.SoItalkedtomyparentsaboutitthatnight,andtheyweresurprisinglyunderstandingaboutmywantingtobeonaswimmingteam.ButtheysaidIshouldfinishoutthatyear’sbaseballseasonfirst.SodearCan’tHold,here’swhatIthink.Yourparentspossiblythinkthatbecauseyourbrotherisintoguitar,youmustbeintoittoo.Buttheywon’tknowhowyoufeelifyoudon’ttalktothemaboutit.Whynotletthemknowthatguitardoesn’tseemliketherightinstrumentforyou,andgiveanotherinstrumentatry?Maybeyoucangiveviolinorpianoashot.Hopemyadviceishelpful.SigmundFriend(adaptedfromAFishontheBaseballField)1．Whodoestheunderlinedword“they”referto(指代)?A．Sigmund’sparents. B．Dad’steammates. C．Baseballgameviewers. D．Thegirl’sparents.2．WhatdoesSigmundmeanbythesentence“Thanks,butnothanks”?A．Herefusedhisparents,buthewasstillthankfultothem.B．Hefeltproudofhisparentsbecausetheyplayedbaseballwell.C．Herespectedhisparents,buthewasn’twillingtoplaybaseball.D．Heacceptedhisparents’advicebecausehe’dbeatalentedplayer.3．SigmundtellsCan’tHoldthestoryofhisowntoadviseherto________.A．talkwithhergrandmother B．followherownheartC．communicatewithherparents D．learnfromherbrother【题型二】阅读理解之记叙文【典例分析】（2021·江苏徐州·中考真题）Lisastoodnexttohertallsilentgrandfatherandwatchedherparentsdriveoff,leavingherbehind.Shelookedupathergrandfather.Helookeddownather.Hisskinwasalittledarkerthanhers.Hishairwasblackandwhite,asifitcouldn’tdecidewhichcoloritshouldbe.“Youdon’ttalkmuch,Grandpa,”Lisasaid.“Youdon’tvisitmuch,Lisa,”hergrandfatherreplied.Theystoodlookingateachother.“Comewithme,Lisa,”saidGrandpa.Hestartedwalkingwithoutlookingback.Lisafollowedhimtoalargestorehouse.LisarememberedherlastvisittoGrandpa’s.Shehadplayedhide-and-seekwithherbrotherJackinthestorehouse.ButnowJackneededanoperation.Lisahadtostayherealoneforafewdays.“Youcoming?”Grandpa’svoicesoundedmuffled.Hiswordswerecomingfrominsidethestorehouse.Lisawentinside.Thestorehousewasfullofallkindsofthings.Shecouldseehiminthefarcorner.Lisawalkedoverandstoodnexttohim.Hepointedtoasmallwoodenboxwith“Lisa”paintedonitinbrightgreenletters.“Yours,”hesaid.Lisabentdownandopenedit.Initweresomeoldthings—abrightbluefeather,atinyV-shapeleafandsomedolls.ShelookedupatGrandpa,withtearsinhereyes.“Theboxstayshere,butitbelongedtoyou.Nooneelse.”Thenheclosedhiseyesandsmiled.HissmileremindedLisaofherfather.Grandpanolongerseemedstrangeandsilent.“Imaybesoovercapitalized（过剩）,”Lisaanswered,carefullypronouncingthefamiliarword.Grandpalaughedoutloud.“Howdidthateight-year-oldbrainofyoursfinditswayaroundabigwordlike‘overcapitalized’?”“It’smydad’sfavouriteword,”Lisareplied.GrandpalookeddownatLisaandsmiled.HissmileagainremindedLisaofherfather.Withoutthinking,shereachedupandtookGrandpa’shand.Lisa’shandfeltsmallandsafeinsidehergrandfather’s.“Imightneedmorethanonevisittomybox,”Lisasaidseriously.“Iexpect,”Grandpasaid.1．WhydidLisastaywithGrandpaaloneforafewdays?A．Shewasonhersummervacation. B．Shemissedhergrandfatherverymuch.C．Hergrandfatherneededanoperationsoon. D．Herparentshadtolookafterhersickbrother.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“muffled”probablymean?A．Strange. B．Loud. C．Unclear. D．Beautiful.3．ThepassagetellsaboutGrandpaEXCEPTthat________.A．helikeddoingDIY B．hewasamanoffewwordsC．hehadblackandwhitehair D．hekeptawoodenboxforLisa4．WhatdidLisapromisetodoattheendofthestory?A．Takecareofherbrother. B．Writetoherparents. C．Usebigwordssometimes. D．VisitGrandpaoften.【提分秘籍】考点扫描人物故事类的阅读理解文章是中考英语常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。1.人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。2.做题技巧解题要点1.阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。2.解题策略一、纵观全文，列出记叙的要素一篇记叙文，要交代清楚人物和事件，就必须交代清楚记叙的要素，即:时间、地点、人物、事件的原因、经过和结果。二、弄清记叙的顺序初中阶段的记叙文多为顺叙，因此需用铅笔在文中勾画出事情发展的先后时间，再简单画出每个时间做的事情，这样就能很快把握故事内容。三、理解记叙的人称弄清记叙文中人称代词指代的对象，这有利于更好地理解文意。记叙文设置题目时，经常会出现某个代词的指代意义，因此，要结合上下文，理解代词的指代内容，这对进一步理解文章大意有所帮助。四、找出记叙的线索线索是记叙文的纲，抓住线索，就能理顺文章内容，掌握文章结构，从而更好地理解文章的中心思想。五、体会记叙文的表达手法记叙文以叙事为主，有时也运用描写、说明和议论。尤其要注意夹叙夹议类文章，它的题目设计往往为推理性的或总结性的。【变式演练】阅读理解之记叙文第1篇（2021·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Sixweeksbeforehis97thbirthday,GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimecometrue:Hegotauniversitydegree.Mr.Paterno’sstoryhasbeenreportedaroundtheworld,anddrawswideattention,partlybecauseofhisage,themoreimportantpartisthathislifestoryshowshisbelief.HehasencouragedmillionsofchildreninItalyandelsewherewhiletheyarefacingdifficultiesduringthecoronaviruspandemic（新冠疫情）.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildreninaverypoorfamily,Mr.Paternobeganworkingsoonafterfinishingprimaryschool.Itwasonlyafterheretiredinthemid-1980sthathereturnedtohisbooks.“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscancometrueandthatyoucanremainyoung-notinagebutinspirit-ifyoudevelopinterests,”saidRosellaCancila,histeacherofhistoryattheUniversityofPalermo.Italy’suniversitysystemisbasedonathree-yeardegree,thenatwo-yearmaster’scourse.UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternowillcontinuehisstudies.Butheisn’tsosure.“Ihavetosaythatinthismoment,Idon’tknowwhetherIwouldkeeponstudyingwiththesamespirit,”hesaid,addingthatalltheattentionhadmadehimabittired.Still,Mr.Paternosaidthathewouldprobablytrytogethismaster’sdegreebuthehadn’tdecidedyet.阅读以上短文，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。1．GiuseppePaterno’sdreamofalifetimeisto________.A．returntohishometown B．getauniversitydegreeC．drawpeople’sattention D．encouragethechildreninhiscountry2．WhydidMr.Paternogotoworksoonafterhefinishedhisprimaryschool?A．Becausehewasnotgoodatstudy. B．Becausehedislikedhisteachers.C．Becausehisfamilywaspoor. D．Becausehisjobwasinteresting.3．AccordingtoRossellaCancila,developinginterestscanhelppeoplestay________.A．younginage B．younginspirit C．healthyinbody D．healthyinmind4．Fromthepassage,weknowthatalltheattentionmakesMr.Paternoalittle________.A．tired B．nervous C．happy D．excited5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SeeingIsBelieving. B．PracticeMakesPerfect.C．ActionsSpeakLouderThanWords. D．It’sNeverTooLatetoFollowaDream.阅读理解之记叙文第2篇（2021·广东广州·中考真题）AmywalkedtowardMissBrown’sbackyard,whereshewasplantingroses.Lastweek,Amyandherparentsjustmovedintothehousenextdoor.Theoldwomanlookedup,“Whythelongface,Amy?”“Therearen’tanykidsaroundtoplaywith,”saidAmy.“Ihavenothingtodo.”MissBrownsmiled,“Yousoundjustlikeagirlwhousedtolivehere.”“Really?Who?”“HernameisRachel,”saidMissBrown.“Toobadyoutwoyounggirlscouldn’thavelivedhereatthesametime.”“WhatdidRacheldowhenshewasbored?”askedAmy.“Sheplantedaflowergarden,”answeredMissBrown.AmylookedatMissBrown’sroses.“CouldI,too?”MissBrownhandedAmysometoolsandroses.“Thiswillgetyoustarted.”“Thanks,”saidAmy.Amyworkedhardthewholeafternooninhergarden.Whenshesawthelovelyrosesplanted,shesmiled.Still,itwastoobadthatRachelwasn’tthere.Thenextday,AmywateredherrosesandwalkedtoMissBrown’sbackyard,whereshesatreading.“WhatelsedidRacheldo?”askedAmy.“Shewrotepoemsinherflowergarden,”MissBrownanswered.“Oneofherpoemsevenwonaprizeinaschoolcompetition.”Amyclosedhereyes.“Howgooditwouldfeel,butIdon’tknowhowtowritepoems,”shesaid.MissBrownsmiled,“Thebestwayistoreadpoemsfirst.”ShehandedAmyherbook.“Thanks,”saidAmy.Amylayonherstomachnexttoherrosesandread.Thenshestartedtowrite.Thatnightshehadapoemthatmightnotbeaprizewinnerbutsoundedgoodenough.Still,itwastoobadthatRachelwasn’tthere.Thethirdday,Amywateredherflowers,wroteanewpoem,andthenwalkedtoMissBrownagain.“WhatelsedidRacheldo?”askedAmy,“Sheplayedintheattic(阁楼).Comewithme,”MissBrowninvited.“Thanks!”saidAmy.“Makeyourselfathome,”MissBrownsaidandleftAmytosearchalonethere.ThenAmyfoundatrophy(奖杯)withthesewords—FirstPrizeinPoetry.RachelBrown.1937.Slowly,asmilespreadacrossherface.AmyranbacktoMissBrown,“IwonderifRachelwouldliketowritepoemsinmyflowergarden.”MissBrownsmiled,“Ithinkshewouldloveto.”1．WhywasAmyunhappyatfirst?A．Shecouldn’tmeetRachel. B．Shedidn’tlikethenewhouse.C．Shedidn’thaveanyfriendsthere. D．ShewasleftalonetoMissBrown.2．WhatdidMissBrowndotohelpAmy?A．ShetoldAmytostayalone. B．SheworkedandreadwithAmy.C．SheshowedRachel’spoemstoAmy. D．ShesuggestedsomeactivitiestoAmy.3．WhatdidAmyfindoutaboutRachelintheattic?A．Whoshereallyis. B．Hersecrethobby. C．Howoldsheisnow. D．Herprizewinningpoem.4．Whichisthemainlessonofthestory?A．Havingsharedinterestsisimportanttoarealfriendship.B．Workinginthegardenisthebestwaytofightloneliness.C．Parentsshouldthinktwicebeforemovingtoanewplace.D．Itisdifficultforchildrentomakefriendswithgrown-ups.【题型三】阅读理解之说明文【典例分析】（2021·山东淄博·中考真题）Wantbetterodds?Somepeoplebelievethatfindingaheads－uppennyisgoodluck.Theodds(几率)thatafoundpennywillbeheadsupareoneintwo.Good－luckseekers(探求者)canalsobreakawishbone.Twopeopleholdawishbone(如愿骨),makeawish,thenbreakit.Itissaidthatthepersonwhogelsthebiggerpiecewillgethisorherwish.Theoddsofgettingthebiggerpieceareoneintwo.AccordingtoIrishtradition,findingafour－leafclover(三叶草)willbringyougoodluck.Butjusthowhardisittofindone?Foreverytenthousandcloversyoulookat,theoddsarethatoneofthemwillhavefourleavesinsteadofthree.WhenIwasakid,Ioncefoundafour－leafcloverinourbackyard.Iknewthatfour－leafcloversarerare(稀有的),butIdidn’tknowhow“lucky”IwastofindoneuntilIreadWhatAretheOdds?IfIhadknown,Imighthavebeenmorecarefulwithit.Ilostitsoonafterwards—alongwithaluckykeychainandaluckycoin.It’sfuntopretend(自称)thatthingslikefour－leafcloverscanbringusgoodluck.ButIbelievethatwemakeourowngoodluckwithhardwork.Sometimesourhardworkleadstosuccessinwayswedon’texpect.Andoftenweare“lucky”whensomeoneelsetakesthetimetogiveusthehelpweneed.It’sfuntofindafour－leafcloverandhopeforgoodluck.Butit’smorefunwhenweworkhardanddoourbest－andwhenwelendahelpinghandtoothers—wecanmaketruemagic.1．Theoddsoffindingafour－leafcloverare________.A．1in2 B．3in4 C．1in1,000 D．1in10,0002．Whatwasthewriter’sattitudetothefour－leafclovershefoundwhenshewasakid?A．Shetreasureditverymuch. B．Shedidn’tcareaboutitatall.C．Shedidn’ttakeittooseriously. D．Shedidn’tknowwhattodowithit.3．Howcanwegetourowngoodluckinthewriter’sopinion?A．Byworkinghard. B．Byfindingaheads－uppenny.C．Byfindingawishbone. D．Byfindingafour－leafclover.4．Thispassageisprobablywrittenfor________.A．coincollectors B．gardeners C．pupils D．Irishpeople【提分秘籍】考点扫描一、中考相关能力检测内容1.理解和把握文章的主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想的能力。2.理解和把握文章具体信息来获取有关信息的能力，及根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义、句意，进而加深对文章的理解的能力。3.根据文章进行简单的数字推算和计算的能力。4.既要理解词、短语、句子和文章的表层意思，又要理解其深层含义和抽象概念的能力。5.理解全篇的逻辑关系，根据已知信息进行合理的推理判断和预测新信息的能力。二、中考相关命题特点初中英语试题中的阅读文章题材丰富(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁多样(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)。中考阅读理解要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能作出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案或作出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40—50个词。做题技巧与策略一、浏览全文，把握大意。对于这类文章，先不必急于答题。而是快速浏览全文。弄清材料介绍或说明的对家是何物或何事。这一步可以解决试题中出现的主旨大意题或文章出处题。二、精读全文，把握细节。在把握了文章的中心后，再精读全文，看作者是从哪些方面来介绍或说明这-事物或对象的。在这个步骤中，我们要弄清全文的结构和脉络。这步可以解决试题中出现的细节理解题。三、认真读题，确定关键。在把握全文的基本结构之后，我们可以认真看题，确定试题的关键词语。每一道题都会有测试的重点，这些测试的重点就是通过这些关键词语体现出来的。四、依据关键，快速定位。试题中的关键词语往往会在文章中出现，而与本题相关的答题依据往往也就出现在这些关键词语的前后。我们可以通过这些关键词语迅速地确定答案。五、基于依据，推理判断。对于推理判断题，我们在把握了相关的信息之后，就要利用好这些信息进行相应的推理判断，并得出合理的结论。【变式演练】阅读理解之说明文第1篇（2021·山东济宁·中考真题）Probablynothingcancomparewithaparent’swilltoprotectherchild.Let’sseehowtheseanimalsfindwaystoprotecttheirchildren.

Spermwhalesareemperorsoftheocean.Theyarealsotheworld’sbiggestbabysitters.Themothersupportsher2babynearthesurfaceinordertohelpittobreatheuntilitisstrongenoughtoswimonitsown.Whiletheyaredivingforfood,however,theiryoungmaybeunabletofollowtheirparents.

Thiscausesabigchildcareproblem.Thesolution?Ababysitter.

Olderwhaleshaveanactiverole.Theymaybeauntsorgrandmothers（whocanliveto100ormoreyearsold）andtheymayevenbemembersofotherfamilies.Theypatientlytakecareoftheyoungwhalesjustunderthesurfaceofthewater,waitingforthefeedingmotherstoreturn.

Elephantsgivenewmeaningtothephrase:takesavillagetoraiseachild.“Thebabyhasahugegroupofmothers.Thesemotherstaketurnstowatchovereachother’schildren.”Theyarecalled“allmothers”,helpingthenewbornsurvive（生存）byhelpingitsmother.Withtheirhelp,themothercangetenoughfoodandprovidemilkforherchild.Aftercarryinganearly300poundbabyfor22months,you’dprobablyneedsomerest,too!

Howfarwouldyougotoprotectyourchild?Wouldyoustarve（饿死）yourselftohelpitsurvive?

FemaleOctopusesdo.Anoctopuslaysbetween50,000and200,000eggseachtime.Then,sheseparatestheeggsintogroupsbasedontheirsize,shapeandpossibilityofsurvival.Shethenspendsthenexttwomonthsofherlifeprotectingthem.Sheissobusykeepingthemalive.Shedoesn’tevenhavetimetofeedherself-sosheoftenendsupdyingshortlyafterhereggshatch（孵化）.1．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“solution”?A．Question.B．Answer.C．Parent.D．Ocean.2．Inwhatwayistheelephant’swayofchildcaresimilartothespermwhale’s?________A．Themotherspends22monthstakingcareofherbaby.B．Othersinthecommunityhelpthemothertakecareofherbabies.C．Themothertriestogetenoughfoodandprovidemilkforherchild.D．Oldermembersofthefamilyhelpthemothertakecareofherbabies.3．Choosethecorrectorderinwhichamotheroctopuscaresforherbabies.________①Shelayshereggs.②Hereggshatch.③Shediesofhunger.④Sheseparatestheeggsintogroups.⑤Sheworkshardtokeephereggsalive.A．①②③④⑤B．④⑤①②③C．①④⑤③②D．①④⑤②③4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?________A．ThreeKindsofEndangeredAnimals.B．HowAnimalsHelpandProtectEachOther.C．AmazingWayAnimalsCareforTheirYoung.D．TheSpermwhales,theElephantsandtheOctopuses.阅读理解之说明文第2篇（2021·四川资阳·中考真题）TheGuiyangMedicinalBotanicalGarden（中药植物园）starteditsyearlycherry（樱桃）flowerfestivalonMarch23.Peoplefromhomeandabroadareattracted（吸引）tothegardentoenjoytheenchantingflowers.ThefestivalrunsuntilApril8andvisitorscanbooktheticketsonline.Duringthefestival,touristscanjoininthefunbytryingtheirhand.Makingfanswithdriedflowersisoneoftheactivitiesonoffer.Visitorscanalsoguesslanternriddles（灯谜）abouttraditionalChinesemedicinalplantstowinprizesatthefestival.Bothoftheactivitieswillbeheldfrom2:30pmto4pmonMarch25,March30andApril5.Thegardenisanational3A-levelscenicareawherepeoplerushintoenjoytheplantsandflowersalltheyearround.What’smore,thegardenisalsoagoodchoiceforschooltripsandstudentscanlearnalotabouttraditionalChinesemedicinalplants.However,thegardenwassetupmainlyformedicinalplantprotectionandresearch.1．Howlongwillthefestivallast?________A．Over2weeks. B．Over3weeks. C．About4weeks. D．About5weeks.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enchanting”inParagraph1mean?________A．Famous. B．Expensive. C．Beautiful. D．Similar.3．Whatcanvisitorsdointhegardenduringthefestival?________A．Makelanterns. B．Buyfans. C．Plantflowers. D．Guessriddles.4．Whatwasthemainpurposeofsettingupthegarden?________A．Toattractforeignvisitors.B．Forstudentstohaveschooltrips.C．Toprotectmedicinalplantandresearch.D．Forpeopletoenjoytheplantsandflowers.【题型四】阅读理解之议论文【典例分析】（2021·江苏泰州·中考真题）Justtheotherday,IwasinabookshopandfoundabooknamedHowtomakefriendswithforeigners.AsaCanadianlivinginChinaforayear,IwascurioustoseewhatkindofadviceaChinesewritergivingonthismatter.Onepieceofadvicereallycaughtmyattentionand,Imustsay,mademefeelquiteangry.Inthewriter’sopinion,foreignersarean"opportunity(机会)"toimproveyouroralEnglish;wheneveryouseeaforeigner,AmericanorEnglish,youshouldpractisespeakingEnglishwithhimorher.Iftheforeignerdoesn’twanttoansweryourquestions,thenheorsheisarudepersonwhoyouwouldn’twanttospendtimewithanyway.Ithinkthisadviceisnotonlyincorrect,butalsomayharmtherelationshipbetweenChineseandforeignersinChina.Likemostother"LaoWai"livinginChina,Iknowhowlonelyonecansometimesfeellivinginaculturedifferentfromourownfamiliar(熟悉的)ways.However,Isimplyacceptaspartofbeinghere.SofarmytimeinChinahasbeenrewarding.IhaveimprovedmyChineselanguageskills,learnedaboutoneofthefastestdevelopingcountriesintheworldtodayandmadesomeverycloseChinesefriends.However,IhavealsometmanyChinesepeoplewhoconsidermeonlyasan"opportunity"toimprovetheiroralEnglish.IhavehadpeoplefollowingmefromtowntomyflattotroublemetoteachthemEnglish.Ihavehadcompletestrangersthrowingarticlesorspeechesinmyface,insistingthatIhelpthemwiththeEnglishtranslation.Ihavehadpeopleaskingmenon-stopquestionsforhalfanhourattheweeklyEnglishCorner...Friendshipforalotofforeignersisaboutspendingtimewithsomeonewhosecompany(陪伴)theyreallyenjoy.Soifthereisanyadvicetogiveonmakingandkeepingfriendshipswithforeigners,Iwouldsaythatitisthis:Treatforeignersaspeople,notopportunities.Expecttomakefriendshipsstepbystep,overaperiodoftime,notinarush.________IfyouronlyreasonforbecomingfiendswithaforeigneristoimproveyourEnglish,thenyouwillprobablyfindthatyoudon’thaveaforeignfriendforlong.1．Whereisthewriterofthispassagefrom?A．America B．China C．Canada D．England2．Whyisthewriterofthepassageinterestedinthebook"Howtomakefriendswithforeigners"?A．BecausehewantstohavesomemorecloseChineseFriends.B．BecausehehasgreatlyimprovedhisChineselanguageskills,C．BecausenoChinesepeoplewouldliketomakefriendswithhim.D．BecausehewantstoknowabouttheChinesewriter’sadviceonthistopic.3．Accordingtothewriterofthebook"Howtomakefriendswithforeigners",________.A．hisadvicemaymakeforeignersangryB．itisrudeofyoutoaskaforeignerquestionsC．youshouldchooseagoodforeignertopractiseEnglishwithD．don’twastetimeonaforeignerwhodoesn’tansweryourquestions4．Inthefourthparagraph,thewriteruses"Ihavehad…"threetimes,because________.A．hehadnobettersentencestoexpresshisideas.B．hewantedtoshowhowhehatedtomakefriendswithChinese.C．hewantedtoshowhowhehatedtobetreatedasan“opportunity”.D．hemetChinesewhowantedtomakefriendswithhimonlythreetimes.5．Whichsentencemaybethebesttofillinthe"________"inthelastparagraph?A．Truefriendshipsstand(经得起)thetestoftime.B．Learnaboutdifferentculturestomakerealfriends.C．Friendsareaboutopportunitiesorpersonaladvantages.D．There’srealfriendshipbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcountries.【提分秘籍】考点扫描近几年随着中考改革的不断深入，阅读理解题更强调对阅读速度、知识面和理解能力的考查，试题变得越来越灵活，形式更加多样化，内容涉及政治、经济、文化、历史、人物、科普、新闻、广告甚至图表。在各类体裁中，议论文是考生较容易失分的文体，因其信息量大，选材偏离生活常识，阅读量大。阅读本身要求速度快，议论文中词汇、句式又高级复杂，因此，学生在扩大视野、拓展知识面的同时，有必要掌握一些议论文的阅读解题技巧，这样才能在阅读理解这个重头戏中多拿分。议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以我们要培养根据.上下文猜词的能力，根据情境猜测作者意图的能力。议论文同其他体裁的文章-样，可以有主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等几种出题方式。做题技巧与策略一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括归纳的作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解的是与主题相关的哪些内容。二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，再选出正确答案。三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有词语连接，承上启下。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。【变式演练】阅读理解之议论文第1篇（2021·湖北荆门·中考真题）TikTok,knownasDouyininChina,isamobileappallowinguserstocreate,shareandwatchshortvideos.Developedby:ByteDanceUsers:13+JoeThomasItseemsveryenjoyable.However,it’sdifficulttostoponceyoustartwatchingitsvideos.It’snotagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.AliceBrown

Iliketheappbecauseitallowsmetosharemydailylifeandmakene