辽宁省大连市2024年高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷

辽宁省大连市2024年高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、阅读理解，第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读理解GreenLinePerformingArtsCenter329EGarfieldBlvd.Chicago,IL60637UpcomingProgramsInclude:FirstMondayJazzSeries:CrosswindMondayFeb.4｜7—9p.m.FirstMondayJazzisamonthlyeventshoweasinglocalChicagojazzartists.GreenLightSeries:SouthSideStoryTimeSundayFeb.17｜10—11a.m.Bringyourkidstolisten,learn,sing,dance,andinteract!SouthSideStoryTimeisasmallgatheringthatcentresonreadingsforitsyoungattendeesalongwiththechancefortheirparentstosocialize.Opentofamilieswithchildrenofallages.SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:Stories:inCelebrationofWomen'sPowerandGraceWednesdayFeb.20|7—8:30p.m.Joinusforaneveningofstorytellingfeaturingthedynamicsinging,IntheSpiritbyEmilyHooperLansana.Thisperformancewillhighlightarangeofstoriesthatdemonstratewomen'screativeandpoliticalgeniusfromfolkheroinestoNobelPeacePrizewinners.FamilySaturdays:ArttogetherEvery1stSaturdayoftheMonth|3—5p.m.Exploreyourchild'sartisticcuriositywithhands-onartworksbopsdesignedtostimulatecreativityandplay.Theseinterdisciplinaryworkshopsareexcitingfortheentirefamily,offeringactivitiesfrommusictoartsandcrafts.Cometolearnsomethingnew!Appropriateforfamilieswithchildren.Registrationisencouraged.FollowArts+PublicLifeonFacebookformoreeventdetailsandafulllistofallupcomingperformances.1．WhencanpeopleenjoyjazzinFebruary?A．At8p.m.onthefirstMonday.B．At10a.m.onthethirdSunday.C．At7p.m.onthelastWednesday.D．At4p.m.onthefirstSaturday.2．WhatdoweknowaboutSistergirlsandFreedomFighters?A．ItlaststwohoursB．Itisaprize-winningperformance.C．Itcelebrateswomen'sachievementsD．ItisorganizedbyEmilyHooperLansana.3．WhatdoGreenLightSeriesandFamilySaturdayshaveincommon?A．Activitytypes. B．Eventfrequency.C．Targetparticipants D．Registrationrequirements.阅读理解Iwastheonlykidincollegewithareasontogotothemailbox,becausemymotherneverbelievedinemailorcellphones.Iwasliterallywaitingtogetalettertoseehowherweekendhadgone,whichwasusuallythewarmestcomfortforagirlofmyage.SowhenImovedtoNewYorkandgotsucker-punchedinthefacebydepression,IdidtheonlythingIcouldthinkof.Iwrotethosesamekindsofletterslikemymotherforstrangers,andslippedthemalloverthecity.Ibloggedaboutthoselettersandcrazilypromisedifaskedforahand-writtenletter,Iwouldwriteone.Overnight,myinboxbecamethisharborofheartbreak—asinglemotherinSacramento,agirlbeingbulliedinKansas,a22-year-oldimmigrant,allaskingmetowritethemandgavethemareasontowaitbythemailbox.AndthisishowIinitiatedaglobalorganization,fueledbythosetripstothemailbox.Itisawesome.Infact,thethingabouttheselettersisthatmostofthemhavebeenwrittenbypeoplewhohavegrownupintoapaperlessworldwheresomebestconversationshappenonascreen.WehavelearnedtorecordourpainontoFacebook,andwespeakswiftlyin140charactersorless.Butit'snotaboutefficiency.AndIcouldtellyouaboutawomanwhosehusbandwastraumatized(受精神创伤)byhiswarexperiencesinAfghanistanandisolatedhimself,andherlovelettersslippedthroughoutthehouseeventuallygothimbacktoher.Oraman,whodecidestotakehisownlife,finallysleepssoundlywithastackoflettersfromstrangersslippedbeneathhispillow.Thescarethekindsofstoriesthatconvincemethatletter-writingwillalwaysbeneededeveninthesedays,becauseitisanartnow.4．Whydidtheauthorshareherexperienceincollege?A．Toshowherattachmenttoletters.B．Toconveyherloveforwritingletters.C．Toprovehowconvenientitwastowriteletters.D．Toindicatehowmuchshecaredforherfamily.5．Whatinspiredtheauthortolaunchtheorganization?A．Theletters'comfortingeffectonpeople.B．HerintentionofprovidingprofessionalaidC．Thepositiveinfluenceofmoderntechnology.D．Hermother'sfearofmoderncommunication.6．Whydoestheauthorthinktheglobalorganizationawesome?A．Digitalgenerationsstillchoosetohandwriteletters.B．PeopleprefertowritestrangerslettersontheInternet.C．Somanypeoplebadlyneedhand-writtenletterstosurvive.D．Peopleposttheirsufferingsandhappinessonsocialmedia.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．FamilyLettersArePricelessB．LoveforWritingNeverDeclinesC．WorldNeedsMoreLoveLettersD．Hand-writtenLettersImproveEfficiency阅读理解NanakoHamagetsalotofmail,mostlyfromstrangerswholiveinherhomecityofTokyo.Inlightenvelopes,theysendlocksoftheirhair,hopingtorecycleit.Peoplegenerateahugeamountofhairwaste.Nearlyallofthatwasteendsupinlandfill,whereitcanreleaseharmfulgreenhousegasesthatcontributetoclimatechange.Buthairpossessesusefulqualitiesthatit'sashametosimplythrowitaway.That'swhypeopleallaroundtheworld,likeHama,havebeencollectinghairandfindinginnovativewaystorecycleit,includingmakingmats(垫子)outofitforremovingoilleaks.HamaispartofthenonprofitMatterofTrust(MoT)membersworkingatmorethan60centersdottedacross17countries,usingmachinestomakehairdonatedfromlocalsalonsandindividualsintosquaremats,whicharethenusedtocleanupthefloatingoil.Hairisparticularlywell-suitedforthis,saysMoTco-founderLisaGautier."That'sbecauseitsroughsortofouterlayerletsoilsticktoit."MoT'smatshavebeenusedinmajoroilleaks.includingthe2010DeepwaterHorizonand2007CoscoBusanincidents.Ina2018study,Murray,anenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofTechnologySydney,inAustraliafoundthatmatsmadeofrecycledhumanhaircouldabsorb0.84gramsofoilontoitssurfaceforeverygramofhair—significantlymorethanpolypropylene(聚丙烯),atypeofplasticthat'stypicallyusedtocleanupfloatingoil.Besides,hairisalsousefulasfertilizer(化肥).Haircontainsarelativelyhighnitrogen(氮),achemicalelementcrucialforplantgrowth,andeachlockofhairismadeofroughly16percentofthisessentialnutrient.Lastyear,morethan560gallonsofliquidfertilizermadefromhumanhairwassoldtofarmersinnorthernTanzaniaandthefeedbackfromthefarmershasbeenveryencouraging."It'sjustagreatwaytousehairinaproductiveway.Hairisananswerliterallyhanginginfrontofoureyes—foroilandsoil,"Hamasays.8．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinparagraph1?A．Bydetailingthebackground. B．Bypresentingascene.C．Bydescribingthefeedback. D．Bysupportingevidences.9．Whatcanthematmadeofhumanhairdo?A．Fertilizethesoil. B．Preventoilleaks.C．Cleartheseaofoil. D．Takeinharmfulgas.10．Whichqualitiesofhaircontributetoitsinnovativeuse?A．Itscolorandstrength. B．Itslengthandamount.C．Itsweightandflexibility. D．Itsstructureandcomponent.11．Whichbestdescribesthefutureofhairwasterasfertilizer?A．Debatable.B．Applicable.CIrreplaceable.D.Uncontrollable.阅读理解GermanphysicistAlbertEinsteinisoneofthemostfamousscientistsofalltime,thepersonificationofgeniusandthesubjectofawholeindustryofscholarship.InTheEinsteinianRevolution,twoexpertsonEinstein'slifeandhistheoryofrelativity―IsraeliphysicstHanochGutfreundandGermanhistorianofscienceJurgenRenn—offeranoriginalandpenetrating(厚利的)analysisofEinstein'srevolutionarycontributionstophysicsandourviewofthephysicalworld.BysettingEinstein'sworkinthelongcourseoftheevolutionofscientificknowledge,GutfreundandRenndiscoverthepopularmisconceptionofEinsteinasanunconventionalscientificgeniuswhosingle-handedlycreatedmodernphysics—andbypurethoughtalone.Asalargepartofthebookexplains,Einsteintypicallyarguedthatscienceprogressesthroughsteadyevolution,notthroughrevolutionarybreakswiththepast.Hesawhistheoryofrelativitynotassomethingfromscratch,butanaturalextensionoftheclassicalphysicsdevelopedbypioneerssuchasItalianastronomerGalileoGalileiandEnglishphysicistIsaacNewtoninthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,aswellasnineteenth-centuryphysicists.TheauthorshighlighthowclassicalphysicscannotbeseparatedcleanlyfrommodernEinsteinianphysics.ThebookalsoincludessubstantialsectionsonPolishastronomerNicolausCopernicusandGalileowhosemethodsinspiredEinstein.WhenEinsteinconsideredhimselfasstandingontheirshoulders,hemeantthat,withouttheircontributions,hewouldnothaveformulated(阐述)thetheoryofrelativity.TheEinsteinianRevolutionisanimportantandthought-provokingcontributiontothescholarlyliteratureonEinsteinandhissurprisingscientificcreativitybetween1905and1925.GutfreundandRennmightnothavegiventhefinalanswerastowhyEinstein,ofallpeople,revolutionizedphysicsinthewaythathedid.Buttheyargueinfascinatingdetailthat,tounderstandhisgenius,onemusttakeintoaccountnotjusttheearlierhistoryofphysicsbutalsothehistoryofknowledgemorebroadly.Althoughnotalwaysaneasyread,thebookwillinterestphysicistsandhistoriansalike.12．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．AnessayonAlbertEinstein.B．AnintroductiontoabookC．Aguidebooktoacourse.D．Areviewofphysicsdevelopment13．What'stheattitudeofGutfreundandRenntothepopularviewpointonEinstein?A．Unclear. B．Favorable. C．Dismissive D．Opposing.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"fromscratch"probablymean?A．Uptostandard B．Fromnothing.C．Bylearningfromothers. D．Withpreviousknowledge.15．Whatdoestheauthormeantosaybymentioningthefamousphysicists?A．TheirideaswererejectedbyEinstein.B．TheirdevotiontophysicsimpressedEinstein.C．TheirresearchescontributedtoEinstein'ssuccess.D．Theirhardworkdeservedtheworldwiderespect.二、第二部分，阅读理解，第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两处为多余选项。Problemsolvingskillsareincreasinglyvaluableintheworkplaceandcouldhelpyouachievemoreinyourpersonallifetoo.Here'showtoenhanceyourstrategy.DevelopanalyticalthinkingThekeytoeffectiveproblemsolvingistheabilitytobreakdowncomplexissuesintosmaller,moremanageablecomponents.16．.Thisinvolvessystematicallydeconstructingaproblem,understandingitsdifferencesandidentifyingtherelationshipsbetweenitsvariouselements.Improvinganalyticalthinkingrequiresastructuredapproach.Beginbyclearlydefiningtheproblemathand,identifyingitskeycomponentsandrecognizingtheinterconnectionsbetweenthem.Promotecreativity17．Todevelopcreativity,youmustengageinactivitiesthatcanstimulateyourimaginationandformnewideas.Additionally,exposingyourselftodifferentfields,experiencesandculturescanserveasasourceofcreativeproblemsolving.StrengthencommunicationskillsClearandbriefcommunicationisthekeytoeffectiveproblem-solving,actingasthebridgethatconnectsdiverseperspectivesandadjustsindividualstowardacommongoal.Goodcommunicationbeginswiththeartofexpression.Thisneedschoosingtherightwordsandstructuringinformationlogically.Activelistening,ontheotherhand,istheskillofreceivinginformationwithfocus.18．.LearnfrommistakesMistakesarenotfailuresbutagoodwaytosuccess.19．.Analyzewhatgoeswrong,identifyareasforimprovementandusethisknowledgetoinformyourfutureproblem-solvingefforts.Itnotonlyacceleratesthelearningprocessbutalsoencouragescollectiveproblem-solvingskills.20．Thejourneytobecominganexpertproblemsolverisanongoingprocessofgrowthandimprovement.Seekingcontinuouslearningopportunitiesensuresthatyoustayaheadofchangingchallengesandacquirethenecessaryskills.Furthermore,networkingwithprofessionalsinyourfieldprovidesagoodwayofsharedlearning.A.StaywellinformedB.SeekcontinuouslearningC.ImprovingitrequiresastructuredapproachD.EachmistakewillgiveyouachancetothinkandlearnE.Out-of-the-boxthinkingisessentialforproblemsolvingF.ThesewillmakesureyourmessageiseasytounderstandG.Itinvolvesnotjusthearingwordsbutunderstandingthedifferences三、第三部分，英语知识运用，第一节，完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thiswasthebiggame.Theboyswere21．andexcited.Itwasaclearnight,andmysonAndy'sbaseballteam,whichhad22．allyear,hadshockedthebetterteamsbymakingittothischampionshipgame.Theatmospherewas23．:theotherteam'sslugger(强击手),abigkid,waslikeasnake,dangerousandreadyto24．.Nervously,IlookedoutAndy'sway.Iwas25．toseeAndylookingstraightupatthenightsky!Obviouslyhewasn't26．onthegame.Iwashorrifiedthathewouldn'tevenknowtheballwascoming."Comeon,Andy.27．outthere,"Isaidtomyself.Thankgoodnessthebigkidmadeamistake.We(AndyandI)hadbeen28．andourteamstillledbyonerun.Andyranuptomeatthe29．.Iwasaboutto30．himwhenhesaidloudly,"Didyouseethatshootingstar?"Andy'seyeswereglowing(发光)with31．Ipaused."Yes."Isaid."Welloneinning(局)togo.Hitahomerun(全垒打)!Okay!"saidAndy,andheranbacktohis32．.Isuddenlyrealizeditwasnicemysonwouldtaketimeoutto33．thewonderandbeautyinlife.Youmightbesurprisedbythebeautyyoucanfindwhenyouleast34．it.Andyhitatriple(三垒打)inthatlastinningButIstillwishIhad35．thatshootingstar,too.21．A．nervous B．scared C．curious D．ashamed22．A．waited B．struggled C．prayed D．run23．A．electric B．friendly C．casual D．romantic24．A．escape B．erupt C．jump D．strike25．A．amused B．content C．shocked D．proud26．A．carrying B．focusing C．commenting D．reflecting27．A．Settledown B．StandupC．Wakeup D．Liedown28．A．informed B．punished C．warned D．spared29．A．meeting B．break C．corner D．entrance30．A．blame B．comfort C．entertain D．threaten31．A．anger B．anxiety C．excitement D．confidence32．A．teammates B．fans C．parents D．stars33．A．create B．research C．explain D．appreciate34．A．need B．expect C．afford D．suspect35．A．become B．filmed C．seen D．followed四、第三部分，英语知识运用，第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。ThelanternfairinZigong.SouthwestChina'sSichuanprovince,boastsahistoryofmorethan1,000years.TomarktheYear36．theDragon,manyofthelanternsshowtheChinesesignofthezodiac(生肖),buttherearealso37．widevarietyofotherlanterndesignstomeetdifferentneeds.Visitors38．prefertraditionallanternscanfindlanternswithflowersandbirds,andlegendaryfigures,whilelanternswithmodeenpatternssuchascultural39．(trend)andonlinegamesaregainingpopularityamongyoungpeopleInadditiontothe40．(elegance)craftsmanship,moderntechnologiessuchas3Dprintingandartificialintelligencehavealsobeenusedtomakethelanterns41．(nice)andmorevivid.Thelanternshowisalsoacceptingtheconceptofenvironmentalprotection.Asetoflanterns42．(feature)thefamousChinesestatue"BronzeGallopingHorseTreadingonaFlyingSwallow"fromtheEasternHanDynasty(25-220AD)wascreatedbyusing21differentkindsofwastematerials,includingtiresandplastics43．(form)itsoutsidedecorations.Thisyear'sshowwillrununtilJuly30.Thesetsoflanterns44．(update)tokeepupwithothertraditionalChinesefestivals,suchastheQingmingFestivalandtheDragonBoatFestival.VisitorscanalsoenjoyfolkartsandChinesemusicperformancesduring45．(they)lantern-viewingtours.五、第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)46．学校英文报组织同学们分享你校刚刚举办的文化节活动，请你以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：1．简要描述；2．体验和感受。注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。OurCulturalFestivalonCampus47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Michaelsawthetroublecoming.TherestandinginthehallwaywasFrank,theboywhoenjoyedmakingfunofanyoneatanygivenmoment.Frankwastallandstrong,sofewofhisvictimsstooduptohim.MichaelhatedtheideathatFrankalwaysgotawaywithhiswrongdoing.Yetlikemostkidswhowerepickedon,hejusttookitquietlyandwaitedfortheunpleasanttopass.Frankwalkedup,hiseyeslockedonthebooksinMichael'sarms.Whentheymet,Frankstoppedunexpectedly,"Hey,letmeseethosebooks!"SomestudentswatchedasMichaelheldoutthebookshewascarrying,tryingnottogiveawayhisnervousness.Franktookabook,lookedinsideforasecond,andthenthrewthebookatMichael,whodroppedalltheotherbooks."Hey,thoseareschoolproperty,"Frankbarked,"Becareful!"Thenhewalkedaway,laughingloudly.Michael,hischeeksturningred,halfkickedthefallenbooks.Suddenlyahandpickeduponebook."Youlooklikeyoucoulduseapally(盟友),"afriendlyvoicesaid.ItwasRamon,themostathleticboyinthehighschool.Michaelcouldn'tbelieveRamonwasstoppingtohelphimastheybarelyspoke."Thanks,"Michaelsighedwithrelief."It'sconfusing.Idon'tknowwhathisproblemsis.""Well,asIseeit,"Ramonsaid,"youneedtofindawaytoendthis."Michaelnodded,stuckforwhattosay.Ramoncontinued,"YouknowmygrandmotherusedtotellmewheneverIhadaproblemwithsomeone.She'dsay,‘Youcancatchmoreflieswithhoneythanwithvinegar(醋).'"Lookingpuzzled,Michaelasked,"Whatdoesthatmean?""Itmeanskindnessmaybemoreeffectivethananger,"Ramonexplained."CanyoujusttellFranktostoppickingonme?"Michaelsuggested"That'svinegar,"Ramonlaughedashewalkedaway."Tryhoneyinstead."Ramon'swordsleftMichaelthinking.ThenextschooldaybroughtMichael'susualpain.TherestoodFrank,andMichaelknewitwouldbejustsecondsbeforehehadtofacehiminthemiddleofthehall.Frankcamenearer.注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Then,suddenly,theunexpectedhappened.……MichaelbentdownandquicklypickedupFrank'sbooksonthefloor.

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．C3．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了一个演艺中心举办的几个活动的信息。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题一种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。1．细节理解题。根据FirstMondayJazzSeries:Crosswind部分的"MondayFeb4|7-9pm(二月四号星期一晚上7点到9点)"可知，2月的第一个星期一晚上8点可以听爵士乐。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:StoriesinCelebrationofWomen'sPowerandGrace部分的"Thisperformancewillhighlightarangeofstoriesthatdemonstratewomen'screativeandpoliticalgeniusfromfolkheroinestoNobelPeacePrizewinners.(从民间女英雄到诺贝尔和平奖得主，此次演出将突出展示女性创造力和政治天赋的一系列故事。)"可知，SistergirlsandFreedomFighters庆祝女性的成就。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据GreenLightSeries:SouthSideStoryTime部分的"SouthSideStoryTimeisasmallgatheringthatcentresonreadingsforitsyoungattendeesalongwiththechancefortheirparentstosocialize.(南城故事时间是一个小型聚会，主要为年轻的参加者朗读，同时为他们的父母提供社交机会。)"以及FamilySaturdays:Arttogether部分的"Appropriateforfamilieswithchildren.(适合有孩子的家庭)"可知，它们的共同特点是目标参与者相同。故选C。【答案】4．A5．A6．A7．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在大学时期经常在邮箱旁等待妈妈寄给自己的最温暖的信件，这让作者对纸质信件有着深刻的情结，在搬去纽约之后作者非常沮丧，于是作者开始给陌生人写信，发起了"世界需要更多爱的信件"行动，给人们提供精神和情感上的支持。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段"Iwastheonlykidincollegewithareasontogotothemailbox,becausemymotherneverbelievedinemailorcellphones.Iwasliterallywaitingtogetalettertoseehowherweekendhadgone,whichwasusuallythewarmestcomfortforagirlofmyage.(我是大学里唯一一个有理由去邮箱的孩子，因为我妈妈从来不相信电子邮件和手机。我真的在等着收到一封信，看看她周末过得怎么样，这对我这个年纪的女孩来说通常是最温暖的安慰)"和第二段"SowhenImovedtoNewYorkandgotsucker-punchedinthefacebydepression,IdidtheonlythingIcouldthinkof.(所以当我搬到纽约被抑郁症打脸的时候，我做了我唯一能想到的事)"可知，作者分享给她在大学时期的经历是为了表达她对信件的深刻情结。故选A。5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Overnight,myinboxbecamethisharborofheartbreak—asinglemotherinSacramento,agirlbeingbulliedinKansas,a22-year-oldimmigrant,allaskingmetowritethemandgavethemareasontowaitbythemailbox.AndthisishowIinitiatedaglobalorganization,fueledbythosetripstothemailbox.(一夜之间，我的收件箱变成了心碎的港湾——萨克拉门托的单身母亲，堪萨斯州一个被欺负的女孩，一个22岁的移民，都让我给他们写信，并给他们一个在邮箱旁等待的理由。这就是我在这些前往邮箱的活动的推动下如何发起了一个全球性的组织)"可知，这些信件给人们带来的安慰作用激励了作者发起了这个组织。故选A。6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段"AndthisishowIinitiatedaglobalorganization,fueledbythosetripstothemailbox.(这就是我在这些前往邮箱的活动的推动下如何发起了一个全球性的组织)"和文章第四段"Itisawesome.Infact,thethingabouttheselettersisthatmostofthemhavebeenwrittenbypeoplewhohavegrownupintoapaperlessworldwheresomebestconversationshappenonascreen.WehavelearnedtorecordourpainontoFacebook,andwespeakswiftlyin140charactersorless.(太棒了。事实上，这些信件中的大多数都是由那些已经成长为一个无纸化世界的人写的，在这个世界里，一些最好的对话发生在屏幕上。我们已经学会在Facebook上记录我们的痛苦，我们用140个字符或更少的字符迅速地说话)"可推知，作者认为这个全球组织很棒，因为数字一代仍然选择手写信件。故选A。7．主旨大意题。文章讲述了作者在大学时期经常在邮箱旁等待妈妈寄给自己的最温暖的信件，这让作者对纸质信件有着深刻的情结，在搬去纽约之后作者非常沮丧，于是作者开始给陌生人写信，发起了"世界需要更多爱的信件"行动，给人们提供精神和情感上的支持。由此可知，C项：WorldNeedsMoreLoveLetters(世界需要更多的爱的信件)符合题意。故选C。【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了东京市民NanakoHama回收头发，制作成吸附油污的垫子或制成含氮肥料，助力环保。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段"NanakoHamagetsalotofmail,mostlyfromstrangerswholiveinherhomecityofTokyo.Inlightenvelopes,theysendlocksoftheirhair,hopingtorecycleit.(NanakoHama收到大量邮件，多来自居住在她家乡东京的陌生人。他们寄来装在薄信封里的头发，希望能将其回收利用)"可知，作者在第一段通过描绘一个场景来引入主题。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段"HamaispartofthenonprofitMatterofTrust(MoT)membersworkingatmorethan60centersdottedacross17countries,usingmachinestomakehairdonatedfromlocalsalonsandindividualsintosquaremats,whicharethenusedtocleanupthefloatingoil.(哈马是非营利组织信托事务(MoT)的一员，该组织成员分布在17个国家的60多个中心工作，使用机器将当地沙龙和个人捐赠的头发制成方形垫子，然后用于清理漂浮的油脂)"可知，由人类头发制成的垫子能清除海上的油污。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据文章第五段"Hairisparticularlywell-suitedforthis,saysMoTco-founderLisaGautier."That'sbecauseitsroughsortofouterlayerletsoilsticktoit."(MoT联合创始人LisaGautier说，头发特别适合这个，"这是因为它粗糙的外层会让油粘在上面")"可知，头发的结构和成分有助于其创新的用途。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段"Lastyear,morethan560gallonsofliquidfertilizermadefromhumanhairwassoldtofarmersinnorthernTanzaniaandthefeedbackfromthefarmershasbeenveryencouraging.(去年，超过560加仑由人类头发制成的液体肥料出售给了坦桑尼亚北部的农民，从农民那里得到的反馈非常令人鼓舞)"可知，头发废料作为肥料的未来前景是可应用的。故选B。【答案】12．B13．D14．B15．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍和评价一本关于爱因斯坦及其相对论的书《爱因斯坦革命》。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及推理判断题和词义猜测题两种题型。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。12．推理判断题。根据第一段中"InTheEinsteinianRevolution,twoexpertsonEinstein'slifeandhistheoryofrelativity―IsraeliphysicstHanochGutfreundandGermanhistorianofscienceJurgenRenn—offeranoriginalandpenetrating(厚利的)analysisofEinstein'srevolutionarycontributionstophysicsandourviewofthephysicalworld."（在《爱因斯坦革命》一书中，两位研究爱因斯坦生平和相对论的专家——以色列物理学家哈诺赫·古特弗罗因德和德国科学历史学家于尔根·雷恩——对爱因斯坦对物理学的革命性贡献以及我们对物理世界的看法进行了独到而深入的分析。）、第三段中"Asalargepartofthebookexplains,Einsteintypicallyarguedthatscienceprogressesthroughsteadyevolution,notthroughrevolutionarybreakswiththepast."（正如书中的大部分内容所解释的那样，爱因斯坦通常认为，科学的进步是通过稳定的进化，而不是通过与过去的革命性突破。）以及最后一段中"Althoughnotalwaysaneasyread,thebookwillinterestphysicistsandhistoriansalike."（虽然读起来并不容易，但这本书会引起物理学家和历史学家的兴趣。）可知，全文都是围绕这本书来写的，所以文章最有可能是来自一本书的介绍。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第二段"BysettingEinstein'sworkinthelongcourseoftheevolutionofscientificknowledge,GutfreundandRenndiscoverthepopularmisconceptionofEinsteinasanunconventionalscientificgeniuswhosingle-handedlycreatedmodernphysics—andbypurethoughtalone."（通过将爱因斯坦的工作置于科学知识发展的漫长过程中，古特弗罗因德和雷恩发现了一个普遍的误解，即爱因斯坦是一个非传统的科学天才，仅凭思想就独力创造了现代物理学。）可推知，他们俩对普遍关于爱因斯坦的观点持反对态度。故选D。14．词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词上文"Einsteintypicallyarguedthatscienceprogressesthroughsteadyevolution,notthroughrevolutionarybreakswiththepast."（爱因斯坦通常认为，科学的进步是通过稳定的进化，而不是通过与过去的革命性突破。）以及下文"butanaturalextensionoftheclassicalphysicsdevelopedbypioneerssuchasItalianastronomerGalileoGalileiandEnglishphysicistIsaacNewtoninthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,aswellasnineteenth-centuryphysicists."（而是经典物理学的自然延伸，这些经典物理学是由意大利天文学家伽利略·伽利莱和英国物理学家艾萨克·牛顿等先驱者在16世纪和17世纪以及19世纪的物理学家提出的。）由此可知，此处为他认为他的相对论不是从零开始的。故可猜测划线短语fromscratch为"从头开始"的意思，结合选项B项Fromnothing"从无到有，从零开始"意思一致。故选B。15．推理判断题。根据第四段中"ThebookalsoincludessubstantialsectionsonPolishastronomerNicolausCopernicusandGalileowhosemethodsinspiredEinstein.WhenEinsteinconsideredhimselfasstandingontheirshoulders,hemeantthat,withouttheircontributions,hewouldnothaveformulated(阐述)thetheoryofrelativity."（这本书还包括波兰天文学家尼古拉·哥白尼和伽利略的大量章节，他们的方法启发了爱因斯坦。当爱因斯坦认为自己站在他们的肩膀上时，他的意思是，如果没有他们的贡献，他就不会提出相对论。）可推知，作者提到这位著名的物理学家是为了说明这些物理学家的研究促成了爱因斯坦的成功。故选C。【答案】16．C；17．E；18．G；19．D；20．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。解决问题的能力在职场中越来越有价值，也可以帮助你在个人生活中取得更多成就。以下是如何提高这一能力的策略。

【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。七选五解题的一些实用技巧如下。第一，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨。在开始解题前，快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和主题，有助于更好地理解和判断每个选项的合适性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是对整段的概括或引入，而段尾句则常常是对该段的总结或结论。因此，关注这些句子有助于我们快速了解段落的主旨，从而更好地选择答案。第三，利用上下文语境和逻辑关系进行推断。在选择答案时，要仔细阅读上下文，寻找与选项相关的线索和信息，如关联词、同义词、反义词等。同时，也要根据逻辑关系进行推断，如因果、转折、并列等，从而确定正确答案。第四，排除法也是一种有效的解题方法。当面对多个选项时，可以先排除与文章主旨或上下文不符的选项，然后再根据剩余选项的内容进行比较和选择。16．根据上文"Thekeytoeffectiveproblemsolvingistheabilitytobreakdowncomplexissuesintosmaller,moremanageablecomponents."（有效解决问题的关键是将复杂问题分解成更小、更易于管理的组件的能力。）根据下文"Thisinvolvessystematicallydeconstructingaproblem,understandingitsdifferencesandidentifyingtherelationshipsbetweenitsvariouselements."（这涉及到系统地解构一个问题，了解其差异，并确定其各种要素之间的关系。）可知，选项承接上下文说明要找到合理的方法。故C选项"改进它需要一种结构化的方法"切题。故选C。17．根据标题"Promotecreativity"（提高创造力）。可知，选项承接上文说明创新思维的重要性。故E选项"创新思维对于解决问题至关重要"。故选E。18．根据上文"Activelistening,ontheotherhand,istheskillofreceivinginformationwithfocus."（另一方面，积极倾听是一种集中注意力接受信息的技能）可知，选项承接上文说明倾听的内涵。故G选项"它不仅包括听单词，还包括理解不同之处。"切题。故选G。19．根据上文"Mi