2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题强化练十主旨大意题-段落大意题

专题强化练（十）主旨大意题——段落大意题A(2024·江门一模)It'sunlikelythatwe'llseeadodo,aflightlessbird,walkingthisearthanytimeagain,accordingtoBethShapiro,anevolutionarymolecularbiologist.“Whenmostpeoplethinkaboutde-extinction,they'reimaginingcloning，”Shapirosaid.Cloning,theapproachthatcreatedDolly,thesheepin1996andElizabethAnn,theblack-footedferretin2020,createsanidenticalgeneticcopyofanindividualbyputtingDNAfromalivingadultcellintoaneggcellfromwhichthenucleus(细胞核)hasbeenremoved.AdultcellscontainalltheDNAneededtodevelopintoalivinganimal.EggcellsthenusethatDNAasablueprinttoturnthemselvesintomanykindsofcells—skin,organs,bloodandbones—theanimalneeds.“Butnolivingcellsfromdodosexist.Instead，”Shapirosaid，“you'dhavetostartwithacloselyrelatedanimal'sgenome(基因组)andthenchangeitintoonesimilartododos.”Forexample,mammoths(猛犸象)arealsoextinct,buttheywereverycloselyrelatedtomodernAsianelephants,soresearchersareattemptingtobringmammothsbackfromextinctionbycreatingahybridmammothwithsomemammothgenesreplacingpartoftheelephantgenomeinanelephanteggcell.However,therearelikelymillionsofgeneticdifferencesbetweenthegenomeofanAsianelephantandthatofamammothaccordingtoShapiro.Asforthedodo,itsclosestlivingrelativeistheNicobarpigeon.MammothsandAsianelephantsareprettycloselyrelated,whereasithadbeenmorethan20millionyearssincethedodoandtheNicobarpigeonhadanycommonancestors.Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarethereforemuchgreater,makingitaformidabletasktocreateasuccessfulhybridinthelab,Shapirosaid.Evenifscientistsmanagetobringdodosback,theislandwheretheyoncelivedisaverydifferentplacenowadays,whichmakesitimpossibletoreintroducedodoswithoutmajorintervention.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了进化分子生物学家贝丝·夏皮罗对复活渡渡鸟持消极的态度。1．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．ThespecialroleofDNA．B．Theprocessofcloning.C．Thedevelopmentofcloning.D．Thecomplexityofcloning.B段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要介绍了克隆的步骤。2．WhatdoesShapirowanttoshowbytheexampleofmammoths?A．Dodosarehardertobringbacktolife.B．Theirlivingcellsarehardtopreserve.C．Cloningcanbeusedtorecreateextinctanimals.D．TheyshareasimilargenomewithAsianelephants.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However,therearelikelymillionsofgeneticdifferences...accordingtoShapiro.”可知，要利用亚洲象来复活猛犸象是非常困难的；并结合第四段第二、第三句可知，渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子的差异远比猛犸象和亚洲象的差异大得多，所以复活难度会更大。由此可推知，夏皮罗想通过猛犸象的例子说明渡渡鸟比猛犸象更难复活。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“formidable”meaninparagraph4?A．Urgent. B．Possible.C．Tough. D．Different.C词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“Geneticdifferencesbetweenthetwobirdspeciesarethereforemuchgreater”可知，渡渡鸟和尼科巴鸽子差异非常大，由此可推知，复活渡渡鸟是艰巨的任务，画线词与tough意思相近，意为“艰难的”。4．WhatisShapiro'sattitudetowardstherebirthofdodos?A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.C．Objective. D．Negative.D观点态度题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了复活渡渡鸟的种种困难，由此可推知，夏皮罗对复活渡渡鸟持消极的态度。B(2024·株洲一模)SittingatthetopofamountainonLaGomeraIsland,Antonioissuedaninvitationtothreevisitinghikersinthedistance—“Comeoverhere.We'regoingtotreatyoutolunch.”—withoutspeakingword：Hewhistled(吹口哨)it.Antonio,71,saidinhisyouth,whennativesratherthantouristswalkedtherockyfootpathsofhisisland,hisnewswouldhavebeengreetedrightawaybyarespondingwhistle,loudandclear.Buthismessagewaslostonthesehikers,andtheycontinuedtheirjourney.AntonioisaproudguardianofLaGomera'swhistlinglanguage,whichhecalled“thepoetryofmyisland”.Headded，“Likepoetry,whistlingdoesnotneedtobeusefulinordertobespecialandbeautiful.”Thelanguage,officiallyknownasSilboGomero,replaceswrittenletterswithwhistledsoundsthatvarybypitch(高音)andlength.Unfortunately,therearefewerwhistlesthanSpanishletters,soasoundcanhavemultiplemeanings,causingmisunderstandings.Withitsdistinctgeography,it'seasytoseewhywhistlingcameintoexistenceonLaGomera.Onmostoftheisland,deepvalleysrunfromhighpeaksdowntotheocean,andplentyoftimeandeffortarerequiredtotravelevenashortdistanceoverland.Whistlingdevelopedasagoodalternativewaytodeliveramessage,withitssoundcarryingfartherthanshouting—asmuchastwomilesacrosssomevalleyswithfavorablewindconditions.In2009,theisland'slanguagewasaddedbyUNESCOtoitslistoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity.Butwithwhistlingnolongeressentialforcommunication,SilboGomero'ssurvivalmostlyreliesona1999lawthathasmadeteachingitanecessarypartofLaGomera'sschoolcourses.ErinGerhards,alocalgirlkeentoimproveherwhistling,said，“Whistlingisawaytohonorthepeoplethatlivedhereinthepastandtorememberwedidn'tstartwithtechnologybutsimplebeginnings.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拉戈梅拉岛哨语。5．HowdidthehikersreacttoAntonio'sinvitation?A．Theyignoredit.B．Theywavedtheirhands.C．Theywhistledback.D．Theystoppedsuddenly.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Buthismessagewaslostonthesehikers,andtheycontinuedtheirjourney.”可知，徒步旅行者无视了安东尼奥的邀请。6．WhyisLaGomera'swhistlinglanguagelikelytobemisinterpreted?A．Becauseitisaformofpoetry.B．Becausethesamesoundcarriesdifferentmeanings.C．Becauseitisn'tusefulinlife.D．Becauseitssoundsincludevariouspitchesandlengths.B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，因为哨音的数量比西班牙字母要少，所以一个声音可能有多种含义，从而导致误解。7．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．ThetouristattractionsofLaGomera.B．ThegeographicfeaturesofLaGomera.C．Thereasonforwhistling'suseonLaGomera.D．Thecomparisonbetweenwhistlingandshouting.C段落大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要讲述了在拉戈梅拉岛上使用哨语的原因。8．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A．Erinfiguresouthowislanderslivedbefore.B．SilboGomeroistaughtinLaGomera'sschools.C．TechnologyoutweighstraditionsonLaGomera.D．SilboGomeroisimportantindailyconversations.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“SilboGomero'ssurvivalmostly...schoolcourses”可知，法律规定将哨语作为拉戈梅拉学校课程的必要组成部分。由此可推知，拉戈梅拉岛的学校教授哨语。C(2024·广州三校联考)Researchershavesuccessfullychangedthebloodtypeofadonatedhumanlungbytreatingitwithenzymes(酶),markinganimportantsteptowardsmakinguniversaldonororgans.Bloodtypesarelargelydefinedbythepresenceorabsenceofcertainsugarmolecules(分子)calledantigensonthesurfaceofcells.Thesecanoccurnotjustonthecellsoftheblooditself,butothertissues.Ifanantigenisn'trecognizedbythebody'simmunesystem,itwillmountanattackonthesecells.Thisleadstotherejectionoftransplantedorgansfromadonorwithadifferentbloodtype.Peoplewiththemostcommonbloodtype,O,lacktheseantigensontheircells,sotheirorganscanbeacceptedbypeoplewithotherbloodtypes.IfalldonororganscouldbemadetypeO,forexample,thelungsfromsomeonewithbloodtypeA,thiscouldbebeneficial.Totrythis,Cypelandhisteamusedapairofenzymesinthehumanstomachtodigestsugars.Theyfoundtheenzymescouldremove97percentoftypeAantigensinthelungsfromatypeAdonorin4hours,whichmeantthecellshadbeeneffectivelychangedtobloodtypeO.Afterthistreatment,thealteredlungswerekeptaliveusingasystemknownasex-vivolungperfusion(离体肺灌注),whichsuppliesorganswithnutritiousfluidsotheyarereadyfortransplantation.Tosimulateatransplant,Cypel'steamaddedtypeOblood,whichcontainsantibodiesthatwouldattacktypeAantigens,tothefluidsupplyingthelungs.Thetreatedlungshadminimalantibodydamagecomparedwithuntreatedlungs.Althoughcellsridofantigenstendtoproducenewonesovertime,Cypelhopesthelackofantigenswouldlastlongenoughforthebodytogetthroughthedangerousfirstfewdaysandweeksafteratransplant.Theteamnowintendstotesttheprocedureinanimals.Thestudyonlylookedattheeffectsofasimulatedtransplantationovertheshortterm,whichisn'tenoughtoassesswhethertheresurfacedantigenscouldeventuallyhaveanegativeeffect.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过改变血型的方式使得器官捐赠更为普遍。9．Whichofthefollowingmaydecidethebloodtypeofaperson?A．Sugar. B．Enzymes.C．Antibody. D．Antigens.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Bloodtypesarelargelydefined...antigensonthesurfaceofcells.”可知，血型主要是由细胞表面有无抗原来界定的。10．Whyshouldthebloodtypeofthedonor