2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第二讲推理判断题-依文推理定选项

第二讲推理判断题——依文推理定选项一、题型特点需了解[题型分析]推理判断题考查考生推理和判断的能力，以及深层次的阅读理解能力。主要考查隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作意图题、文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题等。在进行推断时，要透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文、主观臆断。[选项特征]1．正确选项特征(1)“立足原文，只推一步”：根据原文内容简单推理，一步即可推得。(2)选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如only、never、all、absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。2．干扰选项特征张冠李戴把作者的观点与其他人的观点混在一起无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容曲解文意利用原文的内容进行设计，借题发挥，曲解原文意思；有些符合常识，但不符合文意扩缩范围通过改变或去掉文章中的限制性词语，改变信息的准确度，造成干扰偷梁换柱使用与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，在易被忽视的地方更换单词，造成句意的改变二、方法技巧要知晓题型一隐含推断题隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系的判断，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)、indicate(象征；暗示)、imply(暗示)、suggest(暗示)、conclude(得出结论)、assume(假定；设想)。[典例1](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C片段)Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn'tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.31．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B．Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C．Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D．Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.[解析]第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词imply和thelastparagraph。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“whenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces”以及“However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn'tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.”。综合逻辑分析可推断出作者在强调纸质文本在教育中不能完全被取代。第三步：比对选项得出答案。[答案]C技法点拨：题型二观点态度题此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的观点、态度或看法或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立、公正；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。在推断过程中，考生应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。[典例2](2024·全国甲卷阅读C片段)Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain'sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned，”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”31．WhatisDucke'sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas'services?A．Appreciative.B．Doubtful.C．Ambiguous.D．Cautious.[解析]第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Ducke'sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas'services。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文中的“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned”以及“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”。根据段中杜克所说的话中的“veryimpressed”“stayingfocusedandveryconcerned”和“thebestchance”等可知，他对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。第三步：比对选项得出答案。[答案]A技法点拨：题型三写作意图题各种话题的阅读材料都有可能考查写作意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。[典例3](2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(变革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAI...AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign，...AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.35．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．TorecommendabookonAI.B．TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C．ToclarifythedefinitionofAI.D．TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.[解析]第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词theauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文最后一段：AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.。本文是一篇说明文，结合首段和尾段可知，文章主要给读者推荐了卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的一本关于人工智能的书。第三步：比对选项得出答案。[答案]A技法点拨：题型四文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题文章出处题、文章类型题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类型。读者对象题要求考生根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读者对象。[典例4](2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C片段)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists'representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks，”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.28．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anintroductiontoabook.B．Anessayontheartofwriting.C．Aguidebooktoamuseum.D．Areviewofmodernpaintings.[解析]第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Where和takenfrom。第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第一段第一句：“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.”和第二段第一句。根据以上信息可推知，文章介绍了一本书，最有可能出自一本书的序言。第三步：比对选项得出答案。[答案]A技法点拨：A体裁主题语境难度说明文坚持目标不放弃★★★☆☆(2024·济宁一模)Bard，Kinetic(CoffeeHousePress，2023)byAnneWaldman,oneofthemostimportantlivingAmericanpoets,isanewcollectionofautobiographical(自传体的)pieces,includingpublishedandunpublishedessays,correspondence,interviews,andpoemsfromthelast20years.Thoughtheoriginofthetextsandpoemsisrelativelyrecent,Bard,KinetictracksWaldman'slifefromherchildhoodinGreenwichVillagetothepresent.Ratherthanamemoir(回忆录),thisenergeticcollectionintegratesherstoriesintocontexts—literary,political,spiritual,familial.InSketch,thefirstandlongestpieceinthebook，Waldmandescribeswhatguidedhertopoetryfromanearlyage—Herintellectualandartisticparentsencouragedher“toreadwidely,towrite,think,talkaboutit,becuriousandcritical.”ReadingSketchforitswonderfulautobiographicaldetailsandthesuccessfulmomentsthatrunthroughWaldman'slifeisapleasure.InInterviewwithPoetas，Madrid2018,anotherpiecefromthebook'ssecondsection,shewrote，“Weneedculturalandhumanitarianrevolution.Weneedpoetrytoremindusofthemagicwehavehadthatneedsattendanceandrecharge.”Hervoiceandvisionhaveacollectivewidth.Waldmaninsistsoncombiningartwithnearlyeveryaspectofherlife.Bard,Kinetic,atallpoints,ahigh-energyconstruct,andatallpoints,anenergy-discharge,putsreadersonthepathtorecognizingpoetryasamentalaid,asanactionthatreachesacrossgeography,species,andtime.Asshewroteinthebook'spreface,shecommandsherselfto“keeppushingforknowledge,studywithadeeperinvestigationandadeeperaction.Theaction,totallynecessary”.ThesearehighaimsthatWaldmanhasinsistedon,tirelessly,herentirelife.Waldmanshines.Herheartcouldbeourheart.ThisnewbookisbestreadasacompanionofVowtoPoetry(2001)，Waldman'spreviouscollectionofinterviewsandautobiographicalessays,whichwillhelpreadersappreciatethisbookbetter.【语篇解读】本文是一篇关于书籍Bard，Kinetic的书评。1．WhatdoweknowaboutBard,KineticbyWaldman?A．Itisamemoir.B．Itdocumentsherlifeandwork.C．Itisherfirstcollectionofpoems.D．ItistobeissuedbyCoffeeHousePress.B细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Bard，Kinetic记录了作者的工作情况；根据第二段第一句可知，Bard，Kinetic记录了沃尔德曼从格林尼治村的童年到现在的生活。即Bard，Kinetic记录了作者的生活和工作情况。2．What'sthepurposeofparagraph3?A．Toaddrelevantbackgroundinformation.B．Tohelpreadersgainpartialinsightintothebook.C．Topersuadereaderstoconductselectivereading.D．TointroduceWaldman'swritingstyles.B写作意图题。根据第三段内容可知，本段对书籍中的部分情节进行了描述，因而其目的是帮助读者了解这本书的部分内容。3．Whatisimpliedintheunderlinedsentence“Herheartcouldbeourheart.”inparagraph4?A．Weshouldsticktoourgoals.B．Weshouldlearnpoemsbyheart.C．Weshouldseekfameandwealth.D．Weshouldenjoylifetoourhearts'content.A句意猜测题。根据第四段中的“Asshewrote...‘keeppushing...totallynecessary’.Thesearehighaims...shines.”可知，沃尔德曼一生孜孜不倦地坚持着自己的崇高目标。由此可推知，画线句指作为读者，应该学习她对目标执着追求的这种精神。4．What'sthepassage?A．Adiaryentry. B．Anewsreport.C．Abookreview. D．Anautobiography.C文章类型题。通读全文可知，本文是关于书籍Bard，Kinetic的书评。B体裁主题语境难度记叙文作者和小狗的经历★★★☆☆(2024·湛江一模)BythetimeItookKickerhome,Iwaslivinginavan(旅居房车),sohewasthrownintovanlifefromdayone.Atthispoint,Iknewhowtomakehimanoutgoingandadaptabledog,andmylifewasfarmoreadventurousthanithadbeen...Rightoutofthegate，Itookhimtoskitouring,whichisalotlikecross-countryskiingbutinwilderterrain.Atfirst,Kickerwouldjuststaynestled(依偎)inmyjacket,butashegotstronger,hewouldrunonhisownforalittlewhilebeforeIcarriedhimagain.WealsowentonsomewintercampingadventuresinthehighpeaksoftheUintaMountains,andwetriedsnowkiting.HeranaroundwhileIskied.Helearnedtospeed-flyandkiteboard.Onetimehevomited(呕吐)alloverthenewcushionsonmybed.Boy,didthatstaysmellyfordays!Still,livinginavanwithadogwasgreat.Witheachnewday,hegotstrongerandmoreindependent.IhaddreamedofvisitingAlaskasinceIwasachild,sobeingabletosharethattripwithKickerfeltincredible.There'ssomethingtobesaidaboutsharedexperiencesandhowtheyhelpdevelopastrongbond.Togetherwekayaked,snowmobiled,andevenendedupexploringdeepblueicecavesinWorthingtonGlacier.KickerlearnedtocomesnowboardingwithmeinthemountainsofAlaska.Hewouldhikepartoftheway,andIwouldcarryhimtherest.IwouldalwayslethimrunnexttomeasIboarded,butIusuallyendedupputtinghimonmyshouldersfortherestoftheridedown—hehadgrownfartoobigtofitinmyjacket.Havingadoghasbeenoneofthemostrewardingthingsinmylife.Forme,it'saboutthetimespenttogetherexploring,sharingexperiences,workingthroughchallengingsituations,snuggling,andultimatelytakingcareofoneanother.【语篇解读】本文讲述了作者和小狗基克一起到野外露营、滑雪等的经历，在这些历险过程中，小狗逐渐长大，学会了很多技能，作者和小狗之间的关系也变得更加亲密的故事。5．WhatwasKickerlikewhenhewasfirsttakenhomebytheauthor?A．Sickandpitiful.B．Smallandweak.C．Happyandactive.D．Outgoingandadventurous.B隐含推断题。根据第二段中的“Atfirst,Kickerwouldjuststaynestledinmyjacket...carriedhimagain.”可知，起初，基克只是依偎在“我”的夹克里。由此可推知，刚开始的时候，小狗又小又弱。6．WhywastheincidentofKicker'svomitingmentionedinparagraph3?A．Toillustratehowhardlifeisinavan.B．ToindicatethatraisingKickerwasnotallroses.C．Toshowtheimportanceoftakinggoodcareofapet.D．Towarnusofthetroubleapetcanbringtousonatrip.B写作意图题。第三段讲述了作者带着基克一起历险，相处融洽，基克吐在垫子上这件事只是一个小插曲，说明作者养狗的过程也不是十分轻松愉快。7．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．WhattricksKickerlearnedinAlaska.B．Whatgreatexperiencestheauthorhad.C．Howtheauthorrealizedhischildhooddream.D．HowmuchtheauthorenjoyedKicker'scompany.D段落大意题。根据第四段内容，尤其是第一句可知，本段讲述作者和小狗一起经历的乐趣，作者非常享受基克的陪伴。8．Whatisspecialabouttheauthor'srelationshipwithKicker?A．Theybondthroughsharedadventures.B．Theyhelpeachothertobecomestronger.C．Theybondthroughgivingeachotherrewards.D．Theydependoneachotherinlife'shardesttimes.A隐含推断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了作者带着基克一起在户外的各种经历，基克逐渐长大，学会了多种技能，作者和基克之间的关系变得愈加亲密，共同的冒险使一人一狗联系在了一起的故事。专题强化练(四)A(2024·泰安一模)Therehavebeennumerousattemptstocreateanall-plasticbike.Butmosthaveneverpassedthroughtheprototypestage(原始阶段).Igus,aGermany-basedmanufacturerofhigh-performanceplastics,andDutchstart-upMTRLaimtochangethatwiththeigus：bike—theworld'sfirsturbanbikecraftedalmostentirelyfromrecycledplastic.IgusCEOFrankBlaséfirstgottheideawhilevacationingonaFloridabeachin2009.Aconversationwithsomeemployeesfromarentalcompanymadehimawareofthechallengesofmaintainingbeachbicycles.Thecontinuousexposuretosand,windandsaltwatercausedthebikestorustrapidly.Manyhadtobereplacedinonlythreemonths.Theigus：bike,unveiledataGermantradeshow,ismaintainableandrust-free.Itcanbeleftoutdoorsinallweathersanddoesnotrequirelubricantoil(润滑油)toreducefrictionbetweenparts.Sinceitdoesnotattractsand,dustordirt,thebikecanbecleanedwithagardenhose(水管)inseconds.“Asallcomponentsaremadeofplastic,nopartofthebikerusts,eventhegears—bicyclegearsmadeofplasticwereunthinkableforalongtime，”Blasésays.Theigus：bikewillalsohelpcombattheworld'splasticpollution.Thecompanysaysasingleadultbikegivesnewlifetoabout16kilogramsofsingle-useplasticthatwouldotherwisechokeourlandfillsorwaterways.Currently,90percentoftheigus：bikeismadeusingrecycledplastic.Thisincludesthebicycle'sframe,bearings,pedalsandwheelrims.IgusandMTRLbelievefutureversionswillbemadeentirelyfromrecycledplastic.“Fromoceanplasticstomotionplastics—theigus：bikeconcepthaswhatittakestobecomeahigh-techecologicalproduct，”saysMTRLco-founderBenjaminAlderseBaas.Theplasticbikesareexpectedtocomeontothemarket.Anadultmodel,madeentirelyfromrecycledplastic,willcostabout1，400.Aslightlycheaperversionmadeusingnewplasticandanelectricbikearealsointheworks.Igusalsoplansonsharingitstechnologywithotherbicyclemanufacturers.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了世界上第一款几乎完全由可循环利用的塑料制造的自行车。1．WhatmakesIgusCEOFrankBlaséseektocreatetheigus：bike?A．HisholidayinginFloridalastyear.B．Theconversationbetweenhimandsomebicyclers.C．Thetroubleofkeepingbeachbicyclesingoodcondition.D．Theprolongedexposureofbikesonthebeach.C推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知，沙滩自行车很难维护，所以易格斯的首席执行官弗兰克·布拉斯想要改善这一情况，这是他要制造易格斯自行车的原因。2．Whatcanwelearnabouttheigus：bikefromthepassage?A．Itwillcertainlysellwell.B．Itneedstobemoreportable.C．Itcanbeusedeverywhereandfreely.D．Itisrustlessandcanbecleanedeasily.D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和最后一句可知，这种自行车不易生锈且易于清洗。3．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureplasticbikes?A．Theywillbecheaperandlighter.B．Theywillbemorehigh-techecological.C．Theywillbecraftedfromonlyrecycledplastics.D．Theywillbeusedwidelyallovertheworld.C推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“IgusandMTRLbelievefutureversionswillbemadeentirelyfromrecycledplastic.”可知，未来这款自行车有望完全由可循环利用的塑料制成。4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Abikemadefromrecycledplastics.B．Howtomakerust-freebikes.C．Anexcellentbicyclemanufacturer.D．Howtomaintainbeachbikes.A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一款几乎全部由塑料制成的自行车及其构想起源、优势、当前现状以及发展前景，A项最能概括文章内容。B(2024·南京二模)“Dana,howareyoufeelingtoday？”Iask,myeyesclockingherdirtyuniform,andthedarkcirclesunderhereyes.“OK，”Danamumbles(嘟囔).“Haveyoueatentoday？”Shenods.Anotherlie.“CanIgetyouanything？”ButwhatcouldIpossiblygether?Abedroomofherown?Afamilywithlove?“No,thanks.”Repeatedlyabsentfromschoolrecently,shehaswornoutteachers'patience.ButIdon'twanttosendherbacktoclass.Whatuseisitknowingallthesquarenumbersandallthegrammaticalruleswhenshehastoworkouthowtowash,cookanddecidebetweenfeedingherselforheryoungersister?“Abiscuit？”Ioffer.ItworksandDanatakesthebiscuitIhandher.IrememberthefirsttimeImetDana,thedayaftershelockedherselfinthehousewhenhermumabandonedthefamily.IrememberthinkinghowyoungshewastohavebuiltsuchahighwallaroundherselfandhowonearthIcouldpossiblybreakthrough.Asasocialworker,itismyjobtoknockdownsuchwallsnomatterhow.Iknowitwouldtakemorethanabiscuittoeaseoutoneofherbricks.ButIwilltry.“Howareyoufeeling？”Ipushslightly,hopingthebiscuitmighthavesoftenedher.“OK，”sheshrugs(耸肩).I'mabouttochangetopicswhenhereyesrestonmyarm.“Howdoesthatfeel，Mia？”Danastaresatme.Thesleeve(袖子)ofmyblousehasrolledup,evidenceofhowdeepIhadputitintothebiscuitcan.Adeepscar(伤疤)alongmyarmisobviousagainstmyfairskin.Irollmysleevebackdown，“It'sfromafire.Ithurts.ButeverythingwillbeOKwhenyouthinkit'sOK.”Danapauses(停顿)andpicksupanotherbiscuit.Inthatinstant,IknowsomethinghaschangedintheroomandwemightactuallybeOK.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。在母亲抛弃家庭后，达娜在心里为自己筑起了一座高墙，作者作为一名社会工作人员，想尽自己所能帮她打开心防，重拾生活的希望。5．WhyisDanaoftenabsentfromschool?A．Becausesheisslowatschoolwork.B．Becausesheisstrugglingwithlife.C．Becauseshelocksherselfathome.D．BecauseshedesiresMia'sattention.B推理判断题。根据第七段中的“Whatuseisit...decidebetweenfeedingherselforheryoungersister？”可知，达娜需要洗衣做饭、照顾自己和自己的妹妹。由此可推知，达娜经常缺课是因为她正在与生活作斗争。6．WhatdoweknowaboutMia?A．Sheiseagertoremoveherscar.B．Sheisademandingsocialworker.C．SheawakensDana'shopeforfuture.D．Sheimproveskid-parentrelationship.C推理判断题。根据最后三段内容可推知，作者(米娅)对达娜说的话让达娜开始有了对未来的希望。7．Whatdoestheendingofthepassageimply?A．MiagainsabetterunderstandingofDana. B．Theroomisfullofhappinessandharmony.C．Troubledteensrequirefamilycareandsupport. D．AclosebondisformingbetweenMiaandDana.D推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，米娅和达娜互相了解过去的“伤疤”后知道她们之间有共同点，达娜也因此打开了心防。由此可推知，米娅和达娜之间形成了亲密的关系。8．Whatisasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．OK B．BiscuitsC．AWhiteLie D．ADeepScarA标题归纳题。本文反复提及OK，指一种乐观的生活态度，符合作者想让达娜重新燃起对未来生活希望的主旨，A项最适合作文章标题。C(2024·潍坊三模)ResearcherRuijiaHusaidwildlifehabitatincrowdedplaceslikesouthwestOhioisbecomingincreasinglyfragmented(分散)asforestsgivewaytonewconstruction.Eventually,thiscouldmaketroubletoananimalwithspecifichabitatneedslikeOhioanpileated(红冠)woodpecker(啄木鸟).Pileatedwoodpeckershavethenicknamecarpenterbirdsfortheirnever-endingnaturalwoodworking.Theypeckoutholesintreesfortheirnestseveryyear,creatinglotsofvaluablehomesforanimalslikefoxsquirrelsandowls.“Theymakenewnestseveryyear.Theywon'treuseoldones，”Husaid.“Otheranimalsdependonthem.”Pileatedwoodpeckersareprivatebirdsthataremoreoftenheardthanseen.Studyingthemcanbeespeciallydifficult.SoHuturnedtocitizenscienceforhelp.Toidentifywherewoodpeckershavebeenseen,sheusedeightyearsofsightingscollectedbybirdersandloggedintothewebsiteeBird,afreeonlinetoolandappthatanyonecanusetorecordtheirobservationsandlocations.Sheoverlaidthesesightingswithremotesensingdataandfoundthatcorridorsalongriversandcreekswithabundantmaturetreesanddeadwoodhelpedthebirdsadjusttotheirincreasinglyfragmentedurbanlandscape.“Withfragmentedforests,manyhabitatsthatwereoncesuitableforwildlifearebrokenup，”Husaid.“Wildlifeisunabletofindhabitatbigenoughtomeettheirsurvivalneeds.Andeveniftherearesuitablehabitats,thedistancebetweenthemcanbetoogreat.Wildlifecorridorslinkupthesehabitatpatches.Sincewildlifecantravelandmigratefromonepatchtoanother,theprobabilityoffindingfoodandshelterishigher.”“Therearesomanyspeciesinurbanareasthatwedon'tpayattentionto,especiallywhenthey'renotconsideredvulnerable，”Husaid.“Withdevelopmentchippingawayatmoreforestinthiscrowdedcounty,thetippingpoint(临界点)couldcomequicklyandunexpectedly.Youcan'tfixitovernight.It'snotjustaboutplantingmoretrees.Thebirdsneedmatureforest,soitcouldtake30to50yearstoreplacetheirhabitat.Atleastwecanprotecttheseriversideforestcorridorsandseethatexistingtreesreachmaturity.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着森林被新的建筑所取代，野生动物栖息地正变得越来越分散，这可能会给有特定栖息地需求的动物带来麻烦。9．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A．Themagpie'snestisoccupiedbythedove.B．Birdsabandontheoldfortheneweasily.C．Friendshipreallyexistsamonganimals.D．One'strashisanotherperson'streasure.D推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，红冠啄木鸟每年都在树上啄洞筑巢，不会重复使用旧的鸟巢，闲置的鸟巢就可以被其他动物利用，由此可推知，一个人的垃圾是另一个人的财富。10．Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A．TheeffectofHu'sstudyonbirds.B．TheprocessofHu'sresearch.C．ThedifficultyHuhadinherstudy.D．Theapplicationoftechnology.B段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，胡在研究过程中向公民科学寻求帮助，使用了观鸟者收集的8年的观测数据，并登录了“eBird”网站。由此可推知，本段介绍了胡的研究过程。11．Whatroledowildlifecorridorsplayforbirds?A．Helpingthemsurviveinthefragmentedlandscape.B．Makingthemadjusttodeadwoodquickly.C．Providingthemwithenoughfoodforsurvival.D．Ensuringthemastableandsafehabitat.A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Wildlifecorridorslinkup...theprobabilityoffindingfoodandshelterishigher.”可知，野生动物走廊可以连接分离开来的栖息地，帮助动物迁移和生存。12．WhatdoesHuimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest.B．Bewiseaftertheevent.C．Prepareforarainyday.D．Takethingsastheycome.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Withdevelopmentchippingaway...Youcan'tfixitovernight.”可知，此处胡暗示，我们不能一夜之间解决问题，需要未雨绸缪。专题强化练(五)A(2024·滨州二模)Myson'sseventhbirthdayisapproaching,soconversationatmyhousehasnaturallyturnedtoorganizinghisparty.Forhissixthbirthday,webookedthelocaltrampoline(蹦床)park.Thisworkedoutwell.Butthewholeeventcostushundredsofpounds.Thisyear,I'mtryingtoconvincehimthatthedinosaur-themedparkdowntheroadoffersjustasmuchfun—andyoudon'tevenneedtowearspecialsocks!Thiswillbecheaper,becausewearen'trequiredtohireaspace—wecansimplybuyticketsforhismates.ButIstillkeepponderingoveronething—partybags.Whyshouldabunchofseven-year-olds,whohavealreadybeentreatedtoadayoutandamountainofsugar,alsobehandedabagfullofpound-shopgiftsforsimplybotheringtoshowup?Partybagisanenvironmentaldisaster.Ireckonmysonattends20partiesperyear,andateachpartythereare20kidsinattendance,whichmeans400plasticbagsintotal.Withinthese400bagsareperhaps800plastictoys,almostallofwhichfallapartonthejourneyhomeandthengetbinnedinstantly.Thewasteisshocking,andIdon'twanttobepartofit.Iknowtherearesomepartybagalternatives:onecoupleIknowcoveredatablewithMr.Menbooksandgotthekidstochooseoneeach.Atanotherparty,Isawthehostsfillabucketwithsofttoysandcrumplednewspaper,anddoaluckydip(抽奖).Admirableefforts.Evenifthatisanicetry,andevenifthecontentsinthepartybagsdon'tfallapart,sowhat?Willourgueststhinkmorehighlyofourchildbecauseofthepartybagsfromourparty?Willmychild'sabilitytomakeandkeepfriendsbeimproved?Well,thetraditionforkid'spartybagsendswithme,anditendshere,anditendsnow.Who'swithme?【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者认为主人给参加生日聚会的孩子准备的派对包是一种浪费，作者坚决抵制并呼吁停止这种做法。1．Whydoestheauthorrecommendthedinosaur-themedpark?A．Becauseit'smoreenjoyable.B．Becauseitprovidessocks.C．Becauseitcanreducecost.D．Becauseitoffersfreetickets.C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Thiswillbecheaper,becausewearen'trequiredtohireaspace—wecansimplybuyticketsforhismates.”可知，作者推荐恐龙主题公园的原因是可以降低成本。2．Whatmaybeputinpartybags?A．Giftsbroughtbyguests.B．Giftspreparedbyhosts.C．Giftsdistributedbyparks.D．Giftsdonatedbycharities.B推理判断题。根据第四、第五段内容可知，派对包里装有主人准备的礼物。3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspartybags?A．Intolerant. B．Objective.C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.A观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者不能忍受派对包。4．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getbinned”meaninparagraph4?A．Berecycled. B．Berepaired.C．Bethrownaway. D．Begivenaway.C词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句和画线短语下文“Thewasteisshocking”可知，作者说派对包造成的浪费是惊人的，这说明派对包里的玩具在回家的路上都会散架，然后被连包一起扔掉，由此可推知，画线短语getbinned意为“被扔掉”。B(2024·广州八区新高考联考)Oncetheredwolf'shistoricrangestretchedfromLongIslandtoMissourianddowntotheTexas-Mexicoborder.Butby1972theirpopulationwasreducedtoasmallareaalongtheGulfcoastduetohabitatlossandhunting.Toconservethespecies，14individualswerecaughtaspartofareproducingprogram.In1980theirwildrelativesweredeclaredextinct—thecaughtwolveswereallthatwasleftandthuslotsofgeneticvariationwaslost.Youcan'thelpitwhenyouhavesofewfounders.KristinBrzeskiisanassistantprofessoratMichiganTechnologicalUniversity,whoseresearchfocusesontheconservationofgeneticsofwildanimalpopulations.Shethoughtthisworkhadbeenanunderdogscientificallyandforconservation,forallwolvesdecreasedinamountdramatically,especiallytheredwolves.Now,Brzeskiandherco-workershavefoundasurprisingnewpoolofredwolfgenesthatmighthelpbringmorediversitytothetinypopulation：theyfoundthedisappearinggenesofredwolvesinwildcoyote(郊狼)populations.Butwhydidthishappen?Remember：whenapopulationisdyingout,itmightfindtheclosestrelatedspeciesastheirownbestmate,soaredwolfandacoyotecanhaveoffspring.Asaresult,peoplecanrediscovertheirgenesintheircoyotehybridoffspring.Asredwolvesarereleasedbackintothewild,reproducingwiththesecoyotescouldhelpthecriticallyendangeredspeciesregainsomeofitsgeneticdiversity.Thiswouldbekindoftheoppositedirection:taketheexistingsmallpopulationthatstillhasredwolfgenesthataresocritical,andputthemintoawildlandscapewithnewgeneticvariationthattheyhaven'tseenfor50yearsormore.Andallofasudden,hopefully,thisislikeasupermixofgenetichealthandsortofareboundthattheseanimalscanbewildandbethemselvesagain.Thenextstepwillincludehowtoreleaseredwolvesinawaythattakesadvantageofthegenesredwolveshidingincoyotepopulations.Thereshouldbeaphilosophyinourmindthatwecreatedthisproblem,soweshouldberesponsibleforfixingit.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了红狼的数量减少，导致基因变异消失。研究人员将有限的红狼放归野外，让它们与郊狼繁殖，留下红狼的基因以此来保护这一物种。5．Whywasmuchgeneticvariationoftheredwolveslost?A．Theirhabitatloss.B．Theirlimitednumber.C．Theirrelatives'extinction.D．Theirpooradaptability.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In1980theirwildrelativesweredeclaredextinct—thecaughtwolveswereallthatwasleftandthuslotsofgeneticvariationwaslost.”可知，红狼的很多基因变异消失是因为其数量有限。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underdog”inparagraph3mean?A．Failure. B．Success.C．Breakthrough. D．Dilemma.A词义猜测题。根据画线词下文中的“forallwolvesdecreasedinamountdramatically,especiallytheredwolves”可知，因为所有狼的数量都急剧减少，特别是红狼，所以他们认为野生动物种群的遗传保护工作在科学和保护方面是一种失败。故画线词意为“失败”。7．WhatisBrzeski'sattitudetoreleasingredwolvesintothewild?A．Disappointed. B．Favorable.C．Pessimistic. D．Cautious.B观点态度题。根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，红狼放归野外后与郊狼繁殖可以帮助这种极度濒危的物种恢复一