统计学实验分析-SPSS

重庆工商大学数学与统计学院《统计应用软件》课程实验报告

实验项目利用SPSS统计软件，对数据进行分析。实验日期周一，3-5节实验地点80608实验目的运用SPSS软件对居民储蓄调查数据进行基本统计分析，T检验，单因素分析，多因素方差分析，相关分析，偏相关分析，以及曲线估计。二项logistic回归分析。实验内容：第一步用统计软件SPSS打开居民储蓄调查数据。第二步进行分析。一．根据提供数据，对居民调查数据进行基本统计分析。1．选择菜单Analyze-Descriptivestatistics-Frequencies,出现下图所示2．得出结论FrequencyTable职业FrequencyPercentValidPercentCumulativePercentValid国家机关248.58.58.5商业服务业5419.119.127.7文教卫生186.46.434.0公交建筑业155.35.339.4经营性公司186.46.445.7学校155.35.351.1一般农户3512.412.463.5种粮棉专业户41.41.464.9种果菜专业户103.53.568.4工商运专业户3412.112.180.5退役人员176.06.086.5金融机构3512.412.498.9现役军人31.11.1100.0Total282100.0100.0年龄FrequencyPercentValidPercentCumulativePercentValid20岁以下41.41.41.420~35岁14651.851.853.235~50岁9132.332.385.550岁以上4114.514.5100.0Total282100.0100.0BarChart得出结论：1按职业进行分类。例如，职业为国家机关的人数为24人，占总人数的8.5%；一般农户的人数为35人，占总人数的2.4%。按年龄划分，20岁以下的人共有4人，占总人数的1.4%；20~35岁共有146人，占总人数的51.8%。因为职业和年龄在变量中，无去ishishuju，因为百分比与有效百分比总是相同的。2根据柱形图，本次被调查者的年龄分布情况是：20-35岁最多，其次是35-50岁，50岁以上，最少的人数是20岁以下。当选择PIECHART时，得出结论如下图。PieChart2．选择菜单Analyze-Descriptivestatistics-Frequencies,出现下图所示得出结论：Descriptives上图表明，二．对数据进行T检验分析。1．选择Analyze-comparemeans-one-samplesTtest如下图。选择Option2得出结论：T-TestOne-SampleStatisticsNMeanStd.DeviationStd.ErrorMean存(取)款金额2824738.0910945.569651.799One-SampleTestTestValue=2000tdfSig.(2-tailed)MeanDifference95%ConfidenceIntervaloftheDifferenceLowerUpper存(取)款金额4.201281.0002738.0891455.064021.12该问题应采用双尾检验，因此比较a/2和p/2。由于p小于a，因此拒绝零假设。认为出乎总体一次平均村会计呢与2000元有显著差异。95%的置信区间告之，有95%的把握认为储户总体平均一次在3455.06–6021.12元之间。2000元不包含在置信区间内，也证实了上述推断。三．对数据进行多因素方差检验。1选择菜单Analyze-generallinearmodel-univariate于是出现窗口均值比较。控制变量交互作用图形分析2．得出结论UnivariateAnalysisofVarianceBetween-SubjectsFactorsValueLabelN收入水平1300元以下502300~800元1643800~1500元5041500元以上18物价水平1过高452偏高1793正常58TestsofBetween-SubjectsEffectsDependentVariable:什么合算SourceTypeIIISumofSquaresdfMeanSquareFSig.CorrectedModel3.787a10.3791.621.100Intercept160.1291160.129685.487.000a41.1563.3851.650.178a8.0862.043.184.832a4*a82.1555.4311.845.104Error63.305271.234Total612.000282CorrectedTotal67.092281a.RSquared=.056(AdjustedRSquared=.022)上图表明，第一列是对观测变量总变差分解的说明；第二列是观测变量变差分解的结果。第三列表明自由度；第四列是均方；第五列是F检验统计量的观测值；第六列是检验统计量的概率P值。可以看出，观测变量的总变差为67.092。它由4部分组成，分别是收入水平a4=1.156,物价水平a8=.086,由收入水平和物价水平交互作用引起的变差a4*a8=2.155,由随机因素引起的变差error=63.305。这些变差除以各自的自由度后，得到各自的均方，并可计算出各F检验统计量的观测值和在一定自由度下的概率P值（即第六列）。若显著性水平α=0.05,由于Fa4,Fa8的概率p值小于显著性水平α，则应拒绝零假设。可以认为收入水平和物价水平总体均值存在显著差异，对什么合算的效应不同时为0，各自不同的水平给什么合算带来了显著影响。同时由于Fa4,Fa8的概率p值小于显著性水平α，则应拒绝零假设，可以认为不同的收入水平和物价水平对什么合算带来了交互作用，不同的收入水平与物价水平会影响到购买什么合算。CustomHypothesisTestsContrastResults(KMatrix)收入水平DeviationContrastaDependentVariable什么合算Level1vs.MeanContrastEstimate.008HypothesizedValue0Difference(Estimate-Hypothesized).008Std.Error.084Sig..92195%ConfidenceIntervalforDifferenceLowerBound-.156UpperBound.173Level2vs.MeanContrastEstimate-.020HypothesizedValue0Difference(Estimate-Hypothesized)-.020Std.Error.065Sig..75895%ConfidenceIntervalforDifferenceLowerBound-.149UpperBound.108Level3vs.MeanContrastEstimate-.036HypothesizedValue0Difference(Estimate-Hypothesized)-.036Std.Error.080Sig..65195%ConfidenceIntervalforDifferenceLowerBound-.193UpperBound.121a.Omittedcategory=4上图分别表明收入水平前三个水平下买什么合算的均值检验结果，省略了第四水平的检验结果，检验值是总体均值。可以看出，第一种收入水平下的什么合算的均值与检验值差0.008，标准误差为0.084，检验统计量的概率p值为0.0921，差值的95%置信区间的下限和上限分别是-0.156和0.173。分析结论是，第一种收入水平下的合算均值与检验值不存在显著差异。同理，第二种和第三种也不存在显著差异。所以可得出，在三种情况下，都不存在显著差异。TestResultsDependentVariable:什么合算SourceSumofSquaresdfMeanSquareFSig.Contrast.0633.021.090.966Error63.305271.234ProfilePlots上图表明从收入水平过高，偏高，正常的渐变期间，对购买力有很大程度上的影响。即可以同上述存在明显交互作用达成一致结论。四．对数据进行偏相关数据分析。1.选择菜单Analyze-correlate-partial2.选择参与分析的变量到variable3.选择一个或多个控制变量到controllingfor框中选择OptionZero-ordercorrelation表示输出零阶偏相关系数。2．得出结论PartialCorrCorrelationsControlVariables存(取)款金额收入水平物价趋势-none-a存(取)款金额Correlation1.000.184.014Significance(2-tailed)..002.821df0280280收入水平Correlation.1841.000-.001Significance(2-tailed).002..983df2800280物价趋势Correlation.014-.0011.000Significance(2-tailed).821.983.df2802800物价趋势存(取)款金额Correlation1.000.184Significance(2-tailed)..002df0279收入水平Correlation.1841.000Significance(2-tailed).002.df2790a.Cellscontainzero-order(Pearson)correlations.五．对数据计算相关系数1选择菜单analyze-correlate-bivariate2选择options—cross—productdeviationsandcovariances表示输出各变量的离差平方和，样本方差，两变量的叉积离差和协方差3得出结论CorrelationsCorrelations收入情况存(取)款金额物价水平收入情况PearsonCorrelation1-.090.046Sig.(2-tailed).131.439SumofSquaresandCross-products101.872-167118.5324.723Covariance.363-594.728.017N282282282存(取)款金额PearsonCorrelation-.0901-.008Sig.(2-tailed).131.898SumofSquaresandCross-products-167118.5323.367E10-14216.152Covariance-594.7281.198E8-50.591N282282282物价水平PearsonCorrelation.046-.0081Sig.(2-tailed).439.898SumofSquaresandCross-products4.723-14216.152102.401Covariance.017-50.591.364N282282282上图表明，收入情况与存取款金额的简单相关系数为-0.090，与物价水平的简单相关系数为0.439。它们的相关系数检验的概率p分别为0.131和0.439。当显著性水平α为0.05或0.01时，都接受相关系数检验的零假设，认为两总体不存在线性关系。六．对数据进行曲线估计选择菜单Analyze-regression-curveestimation。2得出结论CurveFitModelDescriptionModelNameMOD_1DependentVariable1收入情况Equation1Quadratic2CubicIndependentVariable存(取)款金额ConstantIncludedVariableWhoseValuesLabelObservationsinPlots存（取）款种类ToleranceforEnteringTermsinEquationsCaseProcessingSummaryNTotalCases282ExcludedCasesa0ForecastedCases0NewlyCreatedCases0a.Caseswithamissingvalueinanyvariableareexcludedfromtheanalysis.VariableProcessingSummaryVariablesDependentIndependent收入情况存(取)款金额NumberofPositiveValues282282NumberofZeros00NumberofNegativeValues00NumberofMissingValuesUser-Missing00System-Missing00收入情况ModelSummaryRRSquareAdjustedRSquareStd.ErroroftheEstimate.146.021.014.598Theindependentvariableis存(取)款金额.ANOVASumofSquaresdfMeanSquareFSig.Regression2.16621.0833.031.050Residual99.706279.357Total101.872281Theindependentvariableis存(取)款金额.CoefficientsUnstandardizedCoefficientsStandardizedCoefficientstSig.BStd.ErrorBeta存(取)款金额-1.855E-5.000-.337-2.396.017存(取)款金额**22.048E-10.000.272..(Constant)2.080.04348.500.000CubicModelSummaryRRSquareAdjustedRSquareStd.ErroroftheEstimate.165.027.017.597Theindependentvariableis存(取)款金额.ANOVASumofSquaresdfMeanSquareFSig.Regression2.7843.9282.603.052Residual99.089278.356Total101.872281Theindependentvariableis存(取)款金额.CoefficientsUnstandardizedCoefficientsStandardizedCoefficientstSig.BStd.ErrorBeta存(取)款金额-3.277E-5.000-.596-2.467.014存(取)款金额**28.193E-10.0001.090..存(取)款金额**3-5.130E-15.000-.598..(Constant)2.104.04745.121.000七．二项Logistic回归分析1选择菜单Analyze-Regression-Binarylogistic。添加变量。2单击categorical按钮指定如何生成虚拟变量，选择变量3选择Options和save4得出结论LogisticRegressionCaseProcessingSummaryUnweightedCasesaNPercentSelectedCasesIncludedinAnalysis28199.6MissingCases1.4Total282100.0UnselectedCases0.0Total282100.0a.Ifweightisineffect,seeclassificationtableforthetotalnumberofcases.DependentVariableEncodingOriginalValueInternalValue城镇户口0农村户口1CategoricalVariablesCodingsFrequencyParametercoding(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)存（取）款种类三年以上定期501.000.000.000.000.000三年以下定期59.0001.000.000.000.000活期135.000.0001.000.000.000定活两便3.000.000.0001.000.000活期工资帐户22.000.000.000.0001.000各类信用卡12.000.000.000.000.000现金不存的原因日常生活用钱156.000.000.000生意周转金341.000.000.000岁制购买中意商品57.0001.000.000购买国库券34.000.0001.000Block0:BeginningBlockClassificationTablea,bObservedPredicted户口PercentageCorrect城镇户口农村户口Step0户口城镇户口1990100.0农村户口820.0OverallPercentage70.8a.Constantisincludedinthemodel.b.Thecutvalueis.500VariablesintheEquationBS.E.WalddfSig.Exp(B)Step0Constant-.887.13145.6461.000.412VariablesnotintheEquationScoredfSig.Step0Variablesa415.6481.000a620.4645.001a6(1)3.4451.063a6(2)12.0701.001a6(3)10.5991.001a6(4)1.2501.264a6(5).4811.488a1232.3893.000a12(1)23.6201.000a12(2).2841.594a12(3)12.8881.000OverallStatistics68.3149.000Block1:Method=EnterOmnibusTestsofModelCoefficientsChi-squaredfSig.Step1Step79.1119.000Block79.1119.000Model79.1119.000ModelSummaryStep-2LoglikelihoodCox&SnellRSquareNagelkerkeRSquare1260.207a.245.350a.Estimationterminatedatiterationnumber20becausemaximumiterationshasbeenreached.Finalsolutioncannotbefound.HosmerandLemeshowTestStepChi-squaredfSig.14.0007.780ContingencyTableforHosmerandLemeshowTest户口=城镇户口户口=农村户口TotalObservedExpectedObservedExpectedStep112625.6590.3412622827.63511.3652932624.34623.6542844441.71668.2845052022.21696.7842961515.68498.3162471517.3651310.6352881615.3511414.64930999.0282827.97237ClassificationTableaObservedPredicted户口PercentageCorrect城镇户口农村户口Step1户口城镇户口1891095.0农村户口513137.8OverallPercentage78.3a.Thecutvalueis.500VariablesintheEquationBS.E.WalddfSig.Exp(B)Step1aa4-1.085.25418.1761.000.338a618.3475.003a6(1)1.286.9671.7711.1833.619a6(2)1.843.9573.7081.0546.312a6(3).304.932.1061.7441.355a6(4)-18.11120993.578.0001.999.000a6(5).4721.076.1931.6611.604a1228.3803.000a12(1)2.330.51420.5111.00010.274a12(2)-.083.384.0471.829.920a12(3)-2.2841.0564.6751.031.102Constant.2491.035.0581.8101.283a.Variable(s)enteredonstep1:a4,a6,a12.Stepnumber:1ObservedGroupsandPredictedProbabilities80++||||F||R60++E||Q|2|U|1|E40+1+N|1|C|1|Y|1|20+122+|111222||1121111111212||111111111121211211112221222|Predicted---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+----------Prob:0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.91Group:1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111122222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222PredictedProbabilityisofMembershipfor农村户口TheCutValueis.50Symbols:1-城镇户口2-农村户口EachSymbolRepresents5Cases.八．单因素分析1选择analyse-comparemeans-oneway-anova得出结论OnewayANOVASumofSquaresdfMeanSquareFSig.收入水平BetweenGroups(Combined)1.7983.5991.006.390LinearTermUnweighted1.20311.2032.019.156Weighted.0011.001.002.965Deviation1.7972.8991.508.223WithinGroups165.606278.596Total167.404281存(取)款金额BetweenGroups(Combined)5.657E831.886E81.584.193LinearTermUnweighted3.753E813.753E83.152.077Weighted1.282E811.282E81.077.300Deviation4.375E822.188E81.837.161WithinGroups3.310E102781.191E8Total3.367E10281ContrastCoefficientsContrast年龄20岁以下20~35岁35~50岁50岁以上11-.50-.5ContrastTestsContrastValueofContrastStd.ErrortdfSig.(2-tailed)收入水平Assumeequalvariances1-.61.392-1.553278.122Doesnotassumeequalvariances1-.61.297-2.0473.370.123存(取)款金额Assumeequalvariances19426.495540.3701.701278.090Doesnotassumeequalvariances19426.4912365.123.7623.009.501PostHocTestsMultipleComparisonsDependentVariable(I)年龄(J)年龄MeanDifference(I-J)Std.ErrorSig.95%ConfidenceIntervalLowerBoundUpperBound收入水平Scheffe20岁以下20~35岁-.644.391.440-1.74.4635~50岁-.654.394.433-1.76.4650岁以上-.573.404.571-1.71.5620~35岁20岁以下.644.391.440-.461.7435~50岁-.010.1031.000-.30.2850岁以上.071.136.966-.31.4535~50岁20岁以下.654.394.433-.461.7620~35岁.010.1031.000-.28.3050岁以上.081.145.958-.33.4950岁以上20岁以下.573.404.571-.561.7120~35岁-.071.136.966-.45.3135~50岁-.081.145.958-.49.33LSD20岁以下20~35岁-.644.391.101-1.41.1335~50岁-.654.394.098-1.43.1250岁以上-.573.404.157-1.37.2220~35岁20岁以下.644.391.101-.131.4135~50岁-.010.103.923-.21.1950岁以上.071.136.605-.20.3435~50岁20岁以下.654.394.098-.121.4320~35岁.010.103.923-.19.2150岁以上.081.145.579-.21.3750岁以上20岁以下.573.404.157-.221.3720~35岁-.071.136.605-.34.2035~50岁-.081.145.579-.37.21存(取)款金额Scheffe20岁以下20~35岁8327.8155530.039.520-7226.4723882.1035~50岁7305.9515574.425.633-8373.1822985.0850岁以上10525.1595715.751.337-5551.4826601.8020~35岁20岁以下-8327.8155530.039.520-23882.107226.4735~50岁-1021.8651457.357.921-5120.963077.2350岁以上2197.3431928.597.730-3227.207621.8935~50岁20岁以下-7305.9515574.425.633-22985.088373.1820~35岁1021.8651457.357.921-3077.235120.9650岁以上3219.20820