2022年湖南省怀化市大学英语6级大学英语六级预测试题(含答案)

【2022年】湖南省怀化市大学英语6级大

学英语六级预测试题（含答案）

学校:班级:姓名:考号:

一、l.Writing（10题）

1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition

onthetopicMobilePhoneUsesshouldBeLimitedinLibrary.Youshould

writeatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.图书馆的阅览区内滥用手机的现象很普遍

2.分析此现象造成影响

3.你的建议

MobilePhoneUsesshouldBeLimitedinLibrary

2.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledSchoolbags:TooHeavyforSchoolbags.Youshouldwriteatleast150

wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.学生的书包越来越重

2.造成这情况的原因

3.如何减轻学生的负担

3.1.现代生活充满压力

2.压力的种种迹象

3.如何减轻压力

HowtoReduceStressandTension

4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledMyViewon''Moon-lite*'.Youshouldwriteatleast150words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.如今的年轻人中流行“月光族:就是每个月都反自己赚的钱花光，没

有任何积蓄的人群

2.有人认为这是时尚的体现，但这样做存在着种种问题

3.我的看法

MyViewon"Moonlite"

5.Direction:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition

onthetopicOnStress.Youshouldwritenolessthan150wordsandbaseyour

compositionontheonlinebelow.

1.有的人害怕压力。

2.有的人认为压力并不是一件坏事。

3.我的看法。

6.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledTheMarvelsofMedicineintheTwentiethCentury.Youshouldwrite

atleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.Introduction:Advancesinmedicalscience-themostimportantachieve

mentsmadeinthetwentiethcentury

1.Developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics

2.Discoveriesofnewdiagnosismethods

3.Adventofgeneticengineering,anewbranchofbiology

Concludingremarks:Evengreaterwonderstobewroughtinthe21stcentury

7.Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthe

topicHowtoKeepPsychologicallyHealthy?Youshouldwriteatleast150

words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的原因

2.分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因（可从失业、压力过重、缺少支持、

缺乏人际交往能力等方面加以分析）

3.你认为人们应如何保持心理健康

HowtoKeepPsychologicallyHealthy?

8.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledMyViewonChangesofNationalPublicHoliday.Youshouldwrite

atleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.在中国实行已久的五一黄金周在2008年被缩短，但是新添了几个较

短的法定假日

2.这种变化带来的影响

3.你如何看待这种变化

MyViewonChangesofNationalPublicHoliday

9.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledHowtoCultivateTeamSpirit?Youshouldwriteatleast150

words.followingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.闭队精神对人的成长至又重要

2.但现在许多人缺乏闭队精神

3.在我看来……

HowtoCultivateTeamSpirit?

10.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageof

atleast150wordsinthetitleofWhoShouldbeResponsibleforOurOld

People.Pleasefollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.列举我国老年人生活存在的问题。

2.你认为应如何解决这些问题。

二、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning/10题)

11.Madagascar

Thereareatleast8millionuniquespeciesoflifeontheplanet,ifnetfarmore,

andyoucouldbeforgivenforbelievingthatallofthemcanbefoundin

Andasibe.WalkingthroughthisrainforestinMadagascarislikesteppinginto

thelibraryoflife.SunlightseepsthroughthesilkyfringesoftheRavenea

louvelii,anendangeredpalm（棕桐树）found,likesomuchelseonthis

Africanisland,nowhereelse.

MadagascarwhichseparatedfromIndia80millionto100millionyearsago

beforeeventuallysettlingoffthesoutheasterncoastofAfrica,isinmanyways

anEarthapart.AllthattimeingeographicisolationmadeMadagascara

Darwinianplayground,itsanimalsandplantsevolvingintoformsutterly

original.Some90%oftheisland'splantsandabout70%ofitsanimalsarc

endemic,meaningthattheyarcfoundonlyinMadagascar.Butwhatmakes

lifeontheislanduniquealsomakesituniquelyvuhnerable,whichmeansif

welosetheseanimalsonMadagascar,they'regoneforever.

Thatlossseemslikelierthaneverbecausetheanimalsareunderthreatas

neverbefore.Oncelushlyforested,Madagascarhasseenmorethan80%of

itsoriginalvegetationcutdownorburnedsincehumansarrivedatleast1500

yearsago,fragmentinghabitatsandleavinganimalseffectivelyhomeless.

Uncheckedhuntingwipedoutanumberoflargespecies,andtodaymining,

loggingandenergyexplorationthreatenthosethatremain.Ithasanareathe

sizeofNewJerseyinMadagascarthatisstillunderforest,andallthis

incrediblediversityiscrammedintoit.

Madagascarisaconservationhotspotatermfbraregionthatisvery

biodiverseandparticularlythreatened—andwhilethatmakestheisland

special,itishardlyalone.Conservationistsestimatethatextinctions

worldwideareoccurringatapacethatisupto1000timesasgreatashistory's

backgroundratebeforehumanbeingsbeganscattering.Worse,thatdie-off

couldbeaccelerating.

PriceofExtinction

Therehavebeenfiveextinctionwavesintheplanet'shistory—includingthe

Permian（二叠名己的）extinction250millionyearsago,whenanestimated70%

ofallterrestrialanimalsand96%ofallmarinecreaturesvanished,and,most

recently,theCretaceous（白垩2己的）event65million）,earsago,whichended

thereignofthedinosaurs.Thoughscientistshavedirectlyassessedthe

viabilityoffewerthan3%oftheworld'sdescribedspecies,thesamplepolling

ofanimalpopulationssofarsuggeststhatwemayhaveenteredwhatwillbe

theplanet'ssixthgreatextinctionwave.Andthistimethecauseisn'tan

unsteadyplanetorvolcanoes.It'sus.

Throughourgrowingnumbers,ourthirstfbrnaturalresourcesand,mostof

all,climatechange-which,byonereckoning,couldhelpcarryoff20%to

30%ofallspeciesbeforetheendofthecentury—we'reshapinganEarththat

willbebiologicallyexhausted.A2008assessmentbythe:InternationalUnion

forConservationofNaturefoundthatnearly1in4mammalsworldwidewere

atriskforextinction,includingendangeredspecies.Overfishingand

acidificationoftheoceansarethreateningmarinespeciesasdiverseasthe

corals.

Scaryforconservationists,yes.butthequestionarises:Whyshoulditmatter

totherestofus?Afterall,nearlyallthespeciesthatwereeveraliveinthe

pastaregonetoday.Evolutiondemandsextinction.Whenwe'reusingtheterm

extinctiontotalkaboutthefateoftheUSautoindustry,doesitreallymatter

ifwelosespeciesliketheYangtzeRiverdolphinandthegoldentoad,allof

whichhaveeffectivelydisappearedinrecentyears?Whatdocsthelossofa

fewspeciesamongmillionsmatter?

Foronething,we'reanimalstoo,dependentonthisplanetlikeeveryother

form,oflife.Themorespecieslivinginanecosystem,thehealthierandmore

productiveitis,whichmattersforus—arecentstudybytheWorldWildlife

Fund(WWF)e

A.Atleast8millionuniquespeciesoflife.

B.Morethan8millionuniquespeciesoflife.

C.Alibraiyoflifeontheplanet.

D.Akindofpalmwhichcanbefoundnowhere.

12.

AsinthestoryofMickey,AmyandJoey,agossipmaycausetothe

gossiped.

13.

Ifonehasthedesiretoimprovehisreadingspeed,themotivationtopractice

and,hemayimprovehisreadingspeed.

14.

OneofthepurposesthatIndiansswingthehammockisto.

15.

Thereare7,000glaciersthatcover.

16.

Whatdolocalresidentsclaimfor?

A.Theyaresickbecauseofyearsofpollution.

B.Theyaresickbecauseofindustriesontheirdoorsteps.

C.Theyaresickbecauseofpesticidesfromagriculture.

D.Theyaresickbecauseofairpollution.

17.ContrarytotheopeningupofFacebook,theThunderbirdcanmakeusers

minimize.

18.

Collegeinstructorsdon'tlikethosestudentswhoonlyrepeat.

19.

Waterclocksweremostlyusedtodetermine.

20.

antisocialbehavior.

三、3.ListeningComprehension(10IS)

21.[Bl]

22.(22)

A.Exchangethecomputerforthewoman.

B.Refundthewoman'smoney.

C.Givethewomananythingshelikesinthestore.

D.Givethewomanastorecreditwithwhichshecanbuyanythinginthestore.

23.(34)

A.TheywereimportedfromEuropeancountries.

B.Theymigratedfromdistantcolonies.

C.Theyweredomesticatedfromlocalwildbreeds.

D.Theyweretheresultofacarefulbreedingprogram.

24.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbe

askedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,

youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichis

thebestanswer.

(12)

A.She'snotsureshe'llbeseeingJulia.

B.ShellphoneJuliaseveraldaystater.

C.Shedoesn'tthinkJuliaknowsaboutregistration.

D.She'ssureJuliawillhelptheprofessorwithcourseregistration.

25.(18)

A.Themanalsowantstogetaticketforthestateballet.

B.Themanissellingtheticketforthestateballet.

C.Theman'ssisterwillgotoseethestateballet.

D.Theman'ssisterwillgivethetickettothewoman.

26.(36)

A.Becausethemountainisover12,000feethigh.

B.Becausehehadnoexperiencesinceheleftcollege.

C.Becausehiswifewasn'tgoodatmountainclimbing.

0.Becausehischildrenweretooyoung.

27.(35)

A.FromtheASPCA.

B.Fromthelibrary.

C.Bybuyingadogfromastore.

D.Byreadingbooksaboutclogsincludingpuppytraining.

28.

[B8]

29.

[B3]

30.[B2]

四、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(3题)

31.

By2030thegovernmentsindevelopedcountriesmayputanendtofixed

retirementages.

A.tosavethecurrentpensionsystem

B.toensurethebenefitsforhealthypensioners

C.torealizefullretirementbenefitssubstantially

D.torelievethepensionsburdenontheworkingpopulation

32.

Whyarenutritionistsconcernedaboutaddingvitaminstoolestra?

A.Itmayleadtotheover-consumptionofvitamins.

B.Peoplemaybeinducedtoeatmorethanisnecessary.

C.Thefunctionoftheintestinesmaybeweakened.

D.Itmaytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproduction.

33.

WhichofthefollowingstatementstheauthordoesNOTbelievetobetrue?

A.Thepersonwhowearsauniform,hasnoserf-worth.

B.Wearingauniform,givesapersonasenseofidentificationwithalarge

concept.

C.Uniformswillhurtoneentireinformationandentertainmentindustry.

D.Envyandcompetitionarcincentivetoimproveone'slife.

五、5.ErrorCorrection(3

34.

[S2]

35.[S5]

36.

[S9]

六、6.ErrorCorrection(3题)

37.

[S7]

38.

[S2]

39.

[S9]

参考答案

1.MobilePhoneUsesshouldBeLimitedinLibrary(1)Inthelibrarythe

improperuseofmobilephonesisbecomingincreasinglyserious.Many

studentsarefoundtalkingloudlyonphonesortakingaphoneinaudible

ringingmodeintothelibrary.(2)Thereisnodoubtthatthoseimpolite

behaviors(3)hoveanegativeinfluenceonlibraryreaders.(4)Foronething

mobilephonesarcadistractionforthosewhousemobilephonesfortheycan

hardly(5)concentrateonreading.(4)Foranothersuchabehaviorcauses

disturbancetootherleaders.It'sveryimportantforthereaderstokeepaquiet

atmospheresincethelibraryisaplaceforstudyandresearch.Allstudents

shouldobeylibraryregulationsandkeepquietinthelibrary.(6)iftheydo

needtousemobilephonestheycansettheirmobilephonesinthesilence

modeandmakephonecallsindesignatedareas(7)suchasrestroomsandthe

elevatorarea.(8)Inthiswayallthereadersinthelibrarycanhelptocreatea

goodatmosphereand(9)benefitfromreading.MobilePhoneUsesshouldBe

LimitedinLibrary(1)Inthelibrary,theimproperuseofmobilephonesis

becomingincreasinglyserious.Manystudentsarefoundtalkingloudlyon

phonesortakingaphoneinaudibleringingmodeintothelibrary.(2)There

isnodoubtthatthoseimpolitebehaviors(3)hoveanegativeinfluenceon

libraryreaders.(4)Foronething,mobilephonesareadistractionforthose

whousemobilephones,fortheycanhardly(5)concentrateonreading.(4)

Foranother,suchabehavior,causesdisturbancetootherleaders.It'svery

importantforthereaderstokeepaquietatmospheresincethelibraryisaplace

forstudyandresearch.Allstudentsshouldobeylibraryregulationsandkeep

quietinthelibrary.(6)iftheydoneedtousemobilephones,theycansettheir

mobilephonesinthesilencemodeandmakephonecallsindesignatedareas,

(7)suchasrestroomsandtheelevatorarea.(8)Inthisway,allthereadersin

thelibrarycanhelptocreateagoodatmosphereand(9)benefitfromreading.

解析：［审题］本题要求写一篇议论文。“限制在图书馆里使用手机”是

大学生相当熟悉的话题，很容易拓展内容。同时注意所给的建议要合理、

具有说服力。

［思路］

第一段点明在图书馆内手机使用泛滥；

第二段说明此现象对读者所造成的影响；

第三段提出自己的建议。

2.SCHOOLBAGS:TOOHEAVYFORSCHOOLKIDSThesedaysweoften

hearschoolkidsgrumblingabouttheirheavyhomeworkload.Thisisnot

surprisingwhenweseetheirschoolbagsbulgingwithallsortsoftextbooks

andworkbooks.Theyarerequiredtotakesomanycoursesthattheyhaveto

situplatestrugglingwiththeirassignments.Inspiteoftheclamorofthe

publicforanendtothissituationtheexcessivepressureimposedonthepupils

hasnotbeenrelieved.Thereasonsforthisarenotdifficulttofigureout.First

agreatpartofthepressurecomesfromtheparentswhohavegonealllengths

tohelptheirchildrenimproveacademicperformanceandurgethemforearly

intellectualachievements:callinginprivatetutorsorsendingthemoutto

varioustutoringcenters.Pupilsatlargeseemtobedrivenbyonemessage:

Excelinacademicperformance.Ithasinfactbeenechoingintheirheadsever

sincetheystartedschool.Theyhavebeenpushedtoscorehightestwelland

finishfirst.Ontheotherhandteachersshouldbeheldresponsibletoo.To

themscoresarenotonlythemarkofsuccessorfailureforaparticularstudent

butalsoameasureofprofessionalperformanceoftheirown.Manyofthem

donot-trywithgreateffortstoenhanceefficiencybyimprovingtheirteaching

methods.Insteadtheyjustassignmoredrillsandexercisesthrustmorebooks

intothepupils'backpacksandstufftheirheadswithasmanyrulesorfactsas

possible.Moreandmorepeoplearecryingoutfor"lighteningkids*

schoolbags/1lbmyminditappearscomparativelyeasytorelievepupilsof

somepressure—toassignlesshomeworkandtocutoffafewcourses——

althoughitcallsformuchcareandeffortsonthepartofbothteachersand

parents.Butwhatismoreimportantisto"humanize"thecurrenteducational

system-tomakeeducationreadyforthefuture.Justasmanyeducatorshave

pointedoutwhenitcomestoachild'swell-beingweshouldbeasconcerned

withcharacteraswithsuccess.Ifwehaverearedawell-manneredgood

decentpersonweshouldtakepleasureandprideinthatfact.Morelikelythan

notifwehaveachievedthesegoalsthechild'ssuccesswilltakecareof

itself.SCHOOLBAGS:TOOHEAVYFORSCHOOLKIDSThesedayswe

oftenhearschoolkidsgrumblingabouttheirheavyhomeworkload.Thisis

notsurprisingwhenweseetheirschoolbagsbulgingwithallsortsof

textbooksandworkbooks.Theyarerequiredtotakesomanycoursesthatthey

havetosituplatestrugglingwiththeirassignments.Inspiteoftheclamorof

thepublicforanendtothissituation,theexcessivepressureimposedonthe

pupilshasnotbeenrelieved.Thereasonsforthisarenotdifficulttofigureout.

First,agreatpartofthepressurecomesfromtheparents,whohavegoneall

lengthstohelptheirchildrenimproveacademicperformanceandurgethem

forearlyintellectualachievements;callinginprivatetutorsorsendingthem

outtovarioustutoringcenters.Pupilsatlargeseemtobedrivenbyone

message:Excelinacademicperformance.Ithas,infact,beenechoingintheir

headseversincetheystartedschool.Theyhavebeenpushedtoscorehigh,

testwell,andfinishfirst.Ontheotherhand,teachersshouldbeheld

responsible,too.Tothem,scoresarenotonlythemarkofsuccessorfailure

foraparticularstudentbutalsoameasureofprofessionalperformanceoftheir

own.Manyofthemdonot-trywithgreateffortstoenhanceefficiencyby

improvingtheirteachingmethods.Instead,theyjustassignmoredrillsand

exercises,thrustmorebooksintothepupils1backpacks,andstufftheirheads

withasmanyrulesorfactsaspossible.Moreandmorepeoplearecryingout

for"lighteningkids'schoolbags."Tomymind,itappearscomparativelyeasy

torelievepupilsofsomepressure-toassignlesshomeworkandtocutoffa

fewcourses—althoughitcallsformuchcareandeffortsonthepartofboth

teachersandparents.Butwhatismoreimportantisto"humanize'*thecurrent

educationalsystem—tomakeeducationreadyforthefuture.Justasmany

educatorshavepointedout,whenitcomestoachild'swell-being,weshould

beasconcernedwithcharacteraswithsuccess.Ifwehaverearedawell-

mannered,good,decentperson,weshouldtakepleasureandprideinthatfact.

Morelikelythannot,ifwehaveachievedthesegoals,thechild'ssuccesswill

takecareofitself.

3.HowtoReduceStressandTensionModernlifeisstressful.Wecompetein

studyatworkandinsportsactivities.Wetrytosavetimeandtrytoearnas

muchmoneyaspossibleinordertopossesscarsbetterhousesorgoon

holidayssothatwecanrelaxafterbecomingsotenseandtired.Weoftenfind

weareoverwhelmedwiththefollowingsignsinourselvesorinotherpeople:

irritabilityfussinessgloominesssuspicionindecisionexcitabilityrestlessness

lackofconcentrationunsociabilitylossofappetiteovereatingsleeplessness

drinkingsmokingworryingtensionetc.Manyofustrytogetfidofthesigns

ofstressinsteadofthecause.Someofusmaytakesleepingpillsortryto

controlthevarioussignsonotherways.Butthesatisfactorywayofstopping

stressistofindthecauseofit.Wemaynotbeabletochangethecauseofthe

stressbutunderstandingitwillprobablyhelp.Forexampleitmaybethedeath

ofillnessofafriendthefearforthelossofourjobormoneyworriesandwe

canprobablydonothingtochangethese.Itmaybeconflictinsideourselves.

Perhapswefeelweoughttodosomethingbutwedon'twantto.Wemayhave

mixedfeelingsaboutsomeoneorsomethinganddon'tknowwhattodo.All

wecandoistoexamineourselvesanddowhatwefeelisfight.Itmayalsobe

helpfultotalktosomeoneaboutit.HowtoReduceStressandTensionModern

lifeisstressful.Wecompeteinstudy,atworkandinsportsactivities.Wetry

tosavetimeandtrytoearnasmuchmoneyaspossibleinordertopossess

cars,betterhouses,orgoonholidayssothatwecanrelaxafterbecomingso

tenseandtired.Weoftenfindweareoverwhelmedwiththefollowingsigns

inourselvesorinotherpeople:irritability,fussiness,gloominess,suspicion,

indecision,excitability,restlessness,lackofconcentration,unsociability,loss

ofappetite,overeating,sleeplessness,drinking,smoking,worrying,tension,

etc.Manyofustrytogetfidofthesignsofstressinsteadofthecause.Some

ofusmaytakesleepingpillsortrytocontrolthevarioussignsonotherways.

Butthesatisfactorywayofstoppingstressistofindthecauseofit.Wemay

notbeabletochangethecauseofthestress,butunderstandingitwillprobably

help.Forexample,itmaybethedeathofillnessofafriend,thefearforthe

lossofourjobormoneyworriesandwecanprobablydonothingtochange

these.Itmaybeconflictinsideourselves.Perhapswefeelweoughttodo

somethingbutwedon'twantto.Wemayhavemixedfeelingsaboutsomeone

orsomethinganddon'tknowwhattodo.Allwecandoistoexamine

ourselvesanddowhatwefeelisfight.Itmayalsobehelpfultotalkto

someoneaboutit.

4.MyViewon"Moonlite"Moonliteisatermreferringtothosepeoplewho

exhausttheirearningseverymonthwithoutanysavings.Withtheacceleration

ofglobalizationitseemsthattheavailabilityofvariouscoMyViewon

"Moonlite"Moonliteisatermreferringtothosepeoplewhoexhausttheir

earningseverymonthwithoutanysavings.Withtheaccelerationof

globalization,itseemsthattheavailabilityofvariousco

5.OnStressOneofthefactorsthatleadtothedropofhappinessindexin

modernsocietyisthatpeoplearelivingundergreatpressure.Somepeople

areafraidofpressure.Theythinkthatstresswilldeprivethemofjoyand

happinessandthencausebothphysicalandmentalproblem.Thatiswhythey

prefersomethinglesscompetitivetosomethingmoredemandingand

challenging.Othersarguethatstressisn*tasbadasitisoftensupposedtobe.

Actuallyacertainamountofstressisnecessarytoprovidemotivationand

stimulation.Withoutstressyoumayslackoffanddreamawayyourtime.

Withoutstressyourlifewillbecomemeaninglessanddull.Peopleneeda

certainstresstobringtheirpotentialintofullplay.Inmyopinionweshouldn't

escapefromstressbutfaceitbravely.Whatwecandoistoadapttothestress

andtoprofitfromitratherthantoavoidit.Ofcourseitshouldn'tbe

overwhelming.OnStressOneofthefactorsthatleadtothedropofhappiness

indexinmodemsocietyisthatpeoplearelivingundergreatpressure.Some

peopleareafraidofpressure.Theythinkthatstresswilldeprivethemofjoy

andhappinessandthencausebothphysicalandmentalproblem.Thatiswhy

theyprefersomethinglesscompetitivetosomethingmoredemandingand

challenging.Othersarguethatstressisn*tasbadasitisoftensupposedtobe.

Actually,acertainamountofstressisnecessarytoprovidemotivationand

stimulation.Withoutstress,youmayslackoffanddreamawayyourtime.

Withoutstress,yourlifewillbecomemeaninglessanddull.Peopleneeda

certainstresstobringtheirpotentialintofullplay.Inmyopinion,weshouldn't

escapefromstressbutfaceitbravely.Whatwecandoistoadapttothestress

andtoprofitfromitratherthantoavoidit.Ofcourseitshouldn'tbe

overwhelming.解析：按照指令所给出的3点，我们可以看出这是一篇

正反观点对比的议论文。可将这篇作文写成3段。第1段说明人们害怕

压力的两个原因。第2段对比第一段提出相反的观点：压力不像人们想

象的那样糟糕，适度的压力有利于人的身心。第3段亮明自己的观点：

我们应适应压力，从压力中获益。

6.THEMARVELSOFMEDICINEINTHETWENTIETHCENTURY

Lookingbackthetwentiethcenturyhasseennumerousscientificand

technologicachievementsandwhatstandouthighaboveothersareadvances

inmedicalscience.Theirresultshaveclearlybeenshowninthreeareas

developmentofvaccinesandantibioticsdiscoveriesofnewdiagnosis

methodsandtheadventofgeneticengineeringasanewbranchoflearning.

Eversincemedicalresearchersstartedtodevisewaysofpreventinggerms

invadingthebodyandoffightingthemoncetheydidthequalityoflifefor

peopleintheworldhasremarkablyimproved.Todaysmallpoxisaforgotten

diseaseandvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polioisundercontrolandthe

vaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofsuchantibioticsaspenicillin

hashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.Overthepastdecades

moreandmoredoctorshavecometorealizetheimportanceofdetecting

changesinthebodyatanearlystage.Modemdiagnosisbeganintheearly

1900swiththediscoveryofX-rays.Withthepassageoftimenewmethods

forviewingtheinteriorofthebodywerebroughtoutoneafteranother.In

recentyearsultrasonicwavesmagneticresonanceandothertechniqueshave

madeitpossibletodetectanythinginthebodythatisbeginningtobe

abnormal.Medicaladvanceshavebeenmovinginevenmorefundamental

directions.Scientistshavefoundthatthebodymachineryisdirectedbythe

genes.Researchesinthisfieldhaveevolvedintoanewbranchoflearning一

geneticengineering.Itwasonlyinthe1950sthatscientistsdiscoveredthe

kindofstructuresthegeneshave.Andattheendofthetwentiethcenturythe

first"roughmap"ofthehumangeneticcodewascompleted.Thiswasreferred

toasa"majorscientificmilestone"whichmightleadtoamorefullyunder

standingofthegenesthatmakepeoplesusceptibletocancerAIDS

Parkinson'sorAlzheimer's.Witheachimportantdiscoverythepracticeof

medicinehasundergonearevolution.Themedicaladvancesmadeinthe

twentiethcenturyhavenotonlyimprovedthelivesofmanypeoplebutalso

laidasolidfoundationforfurtherdevelopmentinmedicine.AndIdobelieve

thatinthe21stcenturyscientistswillworkevengreaterwondersinthearea

ofmedicalscienceandeventuallyfindcurestowhatarenowcalled

''incurable*'diseases.THEMARVELSOFMEDICINEINTHE

TWENTIETHCENTURYLookingback,thetwentiethcenturyhasseen

numerousscientificandtechnologicachievements,andwhatstandouthigh

aboveothersareadvancesinmedicalscience.Theirresultshaveclearlybeen

showninthreeareas,developmentofvaccinesandantibiotics,discoveriesof

newdiagnosismethods,andtheadventofgeneticengineeringasanew

branchoflearning.Eversincemedicalresearchersstartedtodevisewaysof

preventinggermsinvadingthebody,andoffightingthemoncetheydid,the

qualityoflifeforpeopleintheworldhasremarkablyimproved.Today

smallpoxisaforgottendisease,andvaccinationsarenolongerrequired.Polio

isundercontrolandthevaccineiswidelyavailable.Thedevelopmentofsuch

antibioticsaspenicillinhashelpedmanypeoplerecoverfromseriousillness.

Overthepastdecadesmoreandmoredoctorshavecometorealizethe

importanceofdetectingchangesinthebodyatanearlystage.Modern

diagnosisbeganintheearly1900swiththediscoveryofX-rays.Withthe

passageoftime,newmethodsforviewingtheinteriorofthebodywere

broughtoutoneafteranother.Inrecentyears,ultrasonicwaves,magnetic

resonanceandothertechniqueshavemadeitpossibletodetectanythingin

thebodythatisbeginningtobeabnormal.Medicaladvanceshavebeen

movinginevenmorefundamentaldirections.Scientistshavefoundthatthe

bodymachineryisdirectedbythegenes.Researchesinthisfieldhaveevolved

intoanewbranchoflearning—geneticengineering.Itwasonlyinthe1950s

thatscientistsdiscoveredthekindofstructuresthegeneshave.Andattheend

ofthetwentiethcenturythefirstUroughmap"ofthehumangeneticcodewas

completed.Thiswasreferredtoasa"majorscientificmilestone,"whichmight

leadtoamorefullyunderstandingofthegenesthatmakepeoplesusceptible

tocancer,AIDS,Parkinson'sorAlzheimer's.Witheachimportantdiscovery,

thepracticeofmedicinehasundergonearevo