2022湖北孝感市高考英语语法填空和阅读理解暑假练习(4)及答案

【阅读理解】PeanutstoThisProudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.Confused,Iglancedtowardmystone­facedteacher.Havingnochoice,IslowlyraisedthereportIhadslavedover,hopingtohidemyself.“Whatcouldbecausingeveryonetoactthisway？”Quickly,IflashedbacktothedayMissLancelotgavemethetask.ThiswasthefirstrealtaskIreceivedinmynewschool.Itseemedsimple:goontheInternetandfindinformationaboutamannamedGeorgeWashington.Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry,Ihadneverheardofthatnamebefore.AsIsearchedthenameofthisfellow,itbecameevidentthatthereweretwopeoplebearingthesamenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!Oneinventedhundredsofusesforpeanuts,whiletheotherledsomesortofarmyacrossAmerica.Istaredatthescreen,wonderingwhichonemyteachermeant.Icalledmygrandfatherforagoldenpieceofadvice:flip(掷)acoin.Heads—thecommander,andtails—thepeanutsguy.Ah!Tails，myreportwouldbeaboutthegreatmanwhoinventedpeanutbutter,GeorgeWashingtonCarver.Weekslater,standingbeforethisunfriendlymass,Iwastotallylost.Ohwell,Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,burningtofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisreport,itallbecameclear，“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington,themanwhostartedtheAmericanRevolution.”Thewholeworldbecamequiet!HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashington?Obviously,mygradewasawful.Heartbrokenbutfearless,Idecidedtoturnthisaround.ItalkedtoMissLancelot,butsheinsisted:Nore­dos;nonewgrade.Ifeltthatthepunishmentwasnotjustified,andIbelievedIdeservedasecondchance.Consequently,Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.Tenmonthslater,thatchanceunfoldedasIfoundmyselfsittingintheheadmaster'sofficewithmygrandfather,nowhavinganentirelydifferentconversation.Ismiledandflashedbacktotheembarrassingmomentatthebeginningoftheyearastheheadmasterinformedmeofmyopiniontoskipthesixthgrade.Justiceissweet!1．Whatdidtheauthor'sclassmatesthinkabouthisreport?A．Controversial.B．Ridiculous.C．Boring.D．Puzzling.2．Whywastheauthorconfusedaboutthetask?A．HewasunfamiliarwithAmericanhistory.B．Hefollowedtheadviceandflippedacoin.C．Heforgothisteacher'sinstruction.D．Hewasnewattheschool.3．Theunderlinedword“burning”inPara.3probablymeans________.A．annoyedB．ashamedC．readyD．eager4．Intheend,theauthorturnedthingsaround________.A．byredoinghistaskB．throughhisowneffortsC．withthehelpofhisgrandfatherD．undertheguidanceofhisheadmaster【要点综述】本文叙述了作者作为一个外来移民初入美国学校时，由于对美国历史不了解而闹出的一个笑话，但作者通过努力最终最终提高成果并实现跳级。1.B推理推断题。依据第一段内容我们知道，由于作者对美国历史的无知，弄混了乔治·华盛顿的身份，所以同学们听了作者写的报告忍不住大笑起来。“bearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.”可知大家觉得这个报告很荒谬。controversial有争议的；ridiculous荒谬的，可笑的；boring无聊的；puzzling迷惑的，不解的。2.A推理推断题。依据其次段“Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry”可知，作者是从别的国家初到美国，所以对美国历史不了解而闹了笑话。3.D词义猜想题。依据全文叙述可知，作者是通过投掷硬币来打算的答案，因此犯了常识错误。第三段中“Iwastotallylost.”说明作者不明就里，所以当其他同学读报告时，作者渴望知道为什么。annoyed苦恼的；ashamed惭愧的；ready预备好的，情愿的；eager渴望的。4.B细节理解题。依据第四段“Consequently,Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.”可知作者是通过throwoneselfinto(乐观从事)而实现转变的。所以选B。文中老师并没有给作者机会重做，所以A错误；从祖父那里得到建议是在选择华盛顿身份时，所以C错误；而校长是在作者成果提高后才接见的，所以D错误。人物传记型阅读理解专题导读人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、共性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、大事等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或大事的进展为主线，空间或规律线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常接受倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简洁介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的诞生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最终作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会毁灭关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既留意考查对特定细节理解的精确性，又留意考查推理推断力气。另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或规律线索较清楚，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙、插叙或补叙等手段有意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳动性增加，情节也更简洁化。真题典例【2011·山东卷】ArthurMiller(1915－2005)isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.Miller’sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustria­Hungary，drawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”．However,heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearly1930s.Miller’smostfamousplay,DeathofaSalesman,isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem，withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLoman,theherooftheplay,weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment:ifhecan’tdothework,thenheisnogoodtohisemployer,theWagnerCompany,andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.Whenitwasfirststagedin1949，theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews，anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay，theNewYorkDramaCritics’CircleAward，andthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury，Connecticut，ontheeveningofFebruary10,2005，the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofaSalesmanonBroadway.()1.WhydidArthurMiller’sfathermovetotheUSA?A．Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.B．Hewasattractedbythe“GreatAmericanDream”．C．Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.D．Hisfamilybusinessfailed.()2.TheplayDeathofaSalesman________.A．exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworldB．discussesthewaystogetpromotedinacompanyC．talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMillerD．focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness()3.WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman?A．Hetreatshisemployerbadly.B．HerunstheWagnerCompany.C．HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.D．Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.()4.Afteritwasfirststaged，DeathofaSalesman________.A．achievedhugesuccessB．wonthefirstTonyAwardC．waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmenD．wasseverelyattackedbydramatists()5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ArthurMillerandhisfamily.B．TheawardsArthurMillerwon.C．ThehardshipArthurMillerexperienced.D．ArthurMillerandhisbest­knownplay.【解析】亚瑟·米勒是二十世纪最宏大的剧作家之一。《推销员之死》是他最出名的一部作品，曾获得年度最佳百老汇戏剧托尼奖、普利策戏剧奖和纽约戏剧评论奖。这是第一部获得全部三项大奖的作品。1．B细节理解题。由第一段“...drawnlikesomanyothersbythe‘GreatAmericanDream’．”可知应选B。2．A细节理解题。依据其次段第一句话可知，《推销员之死》是对美国制度的有力的抨击，后面又告知我们在这金钱至上的制度中，仆人公因迷茫、失败最终自杀，即暴露了美国商业世界的残酷。故正确答案是A。3．C推理推断题。依据其次段对剧中主角Willy的介绍，尤其是“gotintotrouble”、“burntout”、“painfully”、“ataloss”以及“killshimself”等关键词可以告知我们Willy是美国制度的牺牲品，故选C。4．A细节理解题。依据第三段第一句话“Whenitwasfirststagedin1949，theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews...”可知答案为A。5．D主旨大意题。从全文推断，文章主要介绍了亚瑟·米勒的家庭背景和他最出名的作品《推销员之死》，因此D为正确答案。【陕西省2022五校联考】阅读下列四篇短文,从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。LASTweek,theCollegeBoardannouncedthatitwasrevisingtheSAT(ScholasticAssessmentTest)inanefforttomakeitmoreacceptabletotest-takers,teachers,collegeadmissionofficersandthepublicmoregenerally.Test-takerswhoreceivelowerscoresthantheyhavehopedforarelikelytobeconcernedabouttheiracademicfuture.It’snowonderthatit’shardtodiscussthetestwithoutnegativefeelings.TheSATisn’tperfect.Likeanytest,itcanbemisused,andmayreflectunequaleducationalopportunities.EvenbeforetheannouncementoftheSAT’sredesign,expertswerediscussingthetest’slimitations.WritinginTheNewYorker,ElizabethKolbertdescribeditsquestionsaslimited:“Criticalthinkingwasnevercalledfor,letalonecuriosityorimagination.”ButtheSATprovidesaneffectivemeasureofaperson’sabilitytoreasonthroughverbal(文字性的)andmathematicalmaterials,askillrequiredincollege.Althoughthereareconflictingreportsontheissue,astudypublishedinthejournalEducationalandPsychologicalMeasurementin2011foundthattheSATcanmeaningfullyaddtothepredictionofastudent’sfirst-yearcollegeacademicperformance,abovehisgradesinhighschoolalone.ThefactthattheSATcanhelppredictthisis,tome,anastonishingachievementthatcannotbeignored.Wecannotaffordtoignoretestsbecausetheyfallshortofperfectionormakeusuncomfortable.Butthere’sabetterwaytomaketheSATmoreacceptableinthelongrun:Weshouldexpandthetypesoftestsweusesoastomorefullyreflectwhatstudentscando.Whatif,inadditiontotheSAT,studentswereofferednewteststhatmeasuredmorediverseabilities?Forfutureartistsormusicians,thereareteststhatmeasurecreativethinking—alargelyignoredabilitybytheSAT.Forfutureengineers,thereareteststhatmeasuretheirsenseofspace.Andnewmeasuresof“personalintelligence”—theabilitytoreasonaboutaperson’smotives,emotionsandpatternsofactivities—mayalsotellussomethingimportantaboutstudents’self-knowledgeandunderstandingofothers.53.Whyisitdifficultforthetesttakerstodiscussthetestwithoutnegativefeelings?A.TheSATisunacceptableforthetesttakers,teachers,officersandthepublic.B.Theymaynotgetsatisfactoryscoresanditinfluencestheiradmissiontocollege.C.TheSATcan’treflecttheircreativethinking,curiosityaswellastheirimagination.D.Theboarddon’tknowhowtomaketheSATmoresuitableforthetesttakers.54.ElizabethKolbertmayconsidertheSATtobe_________.A.imaginative B.creative C.critical D.limited55.Accordingtothetext,theauthormaydisagreewiththeideathat_________.A.theSATcanatsomepointpredicthowastudentwilldointhefreshmanyearofcollegeacademicallyB.theSAThelpsmeasurestudents’abilityofreasoningthroughtheircreativityandimaginationC.theSATwillbemoreacceptableifcreativethinking,senseofspaceandpersonalintelligencearetestedaswellD.theSAThasmanylimitationsanditmaymakeadifferencetostudents’educationalopportunities56.The

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Education【参考答案】53-56BDBD语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【辽宁卷题型】M:Excuseme,madam.W:Yes?M:Wouldyoumindlettingmetake__1__lookinyourbag?W:Well,I'mafraidIcertainlydomind,ifit'sallthesame__2__you.Nowgoaway.Hey,taxi!I'vegotatrain__3__(catch)M:I'msorry.I'mjusttryingtodomyjobbutI'mafraidyou'remaking__4__ratherdifficult.However,Imustinsistonseeing__5__youhaveinyourbag.W:Andwhatdoyouexpecttofindinthere?Jewels?M:Madam,ifthere's__6__thatdoesn'tbelongtoyou,youcanleaverightawayandI'llapologizeforthe__7__(convenient)W:Oh,verywell.Thereyouare.M:Thankyou.Andtenmen'swatches?W:Yes.Igetverynervous__8__Idon'tknowthetime.M:Iseeyousmokealot,too,madam.Fifteencigarettelighters?W:Yes,I'mrathera__9__(heavy)smoker.And...andIhappentocollectlighters.M:Ibetyoudo,madam.Well,I'mafraidI'mgoingtohavetoaskyoutocome__10__withme.W:Howdareyou!I...1．______2.______3.______4.______5.______6．______7.______8.______9.______10.______答案：1.a2.to3.tocatch4.it5.what6.nothing7.inconvenience8.if9.heavy10.along语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】O