2021高考英语语法填空、阅读类训练(11)及答案(含短文改错)

2021高考英语语法填空、阅读类训练（11）及答案（含短文改错）语法填空。阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(原创)TheNobelPrizeinLiteraturefor2021isawardedtotheCanadianauthorAliceMunro,“masterofthecontemporaryshortstory”.Canada’sAliceMunro—1(call)the“masterofthecontemporaryshortstory”—wonthe2021NobelPrizeinLiterature,theSwedishRoyalAcademyofSciencesannouncedThursday.Theprizecommitteecomparedthe82-year-oldauthor2AntonChekhov,the19thcenturyRussian3isconsideredoneofthegreatestshortstorywritersinhistory.She’sthefirstCanadian-basedwriter4(win)theliteratureaward.SaulBellow,whowonitin1976,wasborninQuebecbutmovedtotheUnitedStatesasachildandisregardedas5U.S.author.Munroisthe13thwomantoreceivetheliteratureprize.“OnbehalfofallCanadians,”CanadianPrimeMinisterStephenHarpersaidinatweet,“6(congratulation)toAliceMunro.”Aftertheprestigiousaward7(announce),theNobelcommitteesaidonTwitterthatithadn’tbeenabletocontactMunroandleftaphonemessagetotell8thegoodnews.ButTheCanadianPresscontactedher,andshewasquotedassayingtheawardwas“quitewonderful”andshewas“9(terrible)surprised”.“IknewIwasintherunning,yes,10IneverthoughtIwouldwin,”shesaid,accordingtoaTorontoStarstoryquotingTheCanadianPress.【文章大意】诺贝尔奖官方宣布,2021年诺贝尔文学奖授予加拿大女作家爱丽丝·门罗,颁奖词称其为“当代短篇小说大师”。1.【解析】called。考查过去分词。call和规律主语AliceMunro之间是被动关系,应用被动语态作定语。2.【解析】to。考查介词。compare...to...把……比作……。本句句意是:组委会把这位82岁的女作者比作19世纪俄国作家契诃夫。3.【解析】who。考查关系代词。who引导定语从句修饰AntonChekhov,the19thcenturyRussian,并在从句中作主语。4.【解析】towin。考查不定式。thefirst/second...后要接不定式作定语。5.【解析】a。考查冠词。此处是泛指一位美国作家,应用不定冠词表泛指。6.【解析】congratulations。考查名词。表示庆贺时,应用congratulation的复数形式。7.【解析】wasannounced。考查被动语态。announce和award之间是被动关系,且是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态。8.【解析】her。考查人称代词。指代上文中提到的Munro。9.【解析】terribly。考查副词。修饰形容词(surprised),应用副词。10.【解析】but。考查连词。句意:我知道我有期望,但我从来没想过会获奖。上下文之间是转折关系,应用but连接。【福建省福州市2022高考英语3月质检试题】完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Asateacher．Ioftenmakeitarulethatwhenweareonafieldtrip，therewillbenotalkingasweenterabuilding．Thisrule36toenteringanyplace，whetheritisacinema，achurch，atheatre,oranyotherplace．Once，inNewYorkCity，Itookmyclasstoseea(n)37nearTimesSquare．Whenwearrivedatthetheatre，therewereabouttwentyotherclasses38outsidewaitingtogetin．Thestudentsfromtheotherschoolswerenot39andtherewaspandemonium(乌烟瘴气)．Itoldmystudentstostayinalineandkeep40．Itoldthemthatwewouldnotcarryourselveslikethoseother41．Soonwestartedtofileintothetheatre，anditwasverydisorganized．Therewasa42thegroupsandgetthemtotheirseats，43studentswereeverywhereand44reallyknewwheretogo．Myclass，observingourrule，walkedin45intwosingle-filelines．Westoodnearthedoorbehindeveryoneelse，andwe46．Allofasudden，theladywhowas47noticedusandshewalked48ourdirection．Sheaskedthestudents49theteacherwasforourgroup,andIraisedmy50．Sheasked,“Very,verynicetomeetyou．Comethisway．”Wewereledintothetheatre，51，andweweregivenfront-rowseats．Sometimes52forothersmaynotseemlikeitisgoingtohaveaneffect，especiallywhenyou53noonearoundwhoistakingmannersinto54．However，thatisusuallythetimewhensuch55actionswillbemostappreciatedandrecognized．36．A．leads B．applies C．turns D．belongs37．A．play B．lady C．teacher D．exhibition38．A．sortedout B．settleddown C．turnedaway D．linedup39．A．behaving B．listening C．concentrating D．watching40．A．order B．contact C．watch D．time41．A．places B．seats C．classes D．teachers42．A．scold B．dismiss C．attract D．organize43．A．and B．but C．so D．while44．A．anyone B．nobody C．everyone D．somebody45．A．anxiously B．immediately C．quietly D．hurriedly46．A．passed B．chatted C．rushed D．waited47．A．introuble B．onguard C．incharge D．onbusiness48．A．in B．to C．for D．under49．A．how B．where C．what D．whether50．A．voice B．arm C．head D．hand51．A．finally B．somehow C．first D．instead52．A．respect B．love C．concern D．support53．A．receive B．visit C．recognize D．meet54．A．practice B．effect C．account D．operation55．A．urgent B．kind C．legal D．firm【参考答案】36.B 37.A 38.D 39.A 40.A41.C 42.D 43.B 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.B 50.D51.C 52.A 53.D 54.C 55.B 【阅读理解】Skepticsareastrangelot.Someofthemrefusetoadmittheseriousthreatofhumanactivitiestotheenviroment,andtheyaretiredofpeoplewhodisagreewiththem.Thosepeople，sayskeptics，spreadnothingbutbadnewsabouttheenvironment.The“eco­guilt”broughtonbythediscouragingnewsaboutourplanetgivesrisetothepopularityofskepticsaspeoplesearchformorecomfortingworldviews.PerhapsthatexplainswhyanewbookbyBjornLomborgreceivedsomuchpublicity.Thatbook，TheSkepticalEnvironmentalist,declaresthatitmeasuresthe“realstateoftheworld”asfine.Ofcourse，anotherexplanationisthedeeppocketsofsomebigbusinesseswithspecialinterests.Indeed,Mr.Lomborg'sviewsaresimilartothoseofsomeindustry­fundedorganizations,whichstarthugeactivitiesthroughthemediatoconfusethepublicaboutissueslikeglobalwarming.SoitwasstrangetoseeMr.Lomborg'sbookgolargelyunchallengedinthemediathoughhisbeliefswerecontrarytomostscientificopinions.OnenationalnewspaperinCanadarananumberofarticlesandreviewsfullofwordsofpraise,evenwiththeconclusionthat“AfterLomborg,theenvironmentalmovementwillbegintodiedown.”Suchone­sidedviewsshouldhaveimmediatelybeenchallenged.ButonlyadifferentreviewappearedinNature,arespectedsciencemagazinewithspecificreadership.ThereviewremarkedthatMr.Lomborg's“preferenceforunexaminedmaterialsisincredible(不行信的)”．Acritical(批判的)eyeisvaluable,andthemediashouldpresentinformationinsuchawaythatcouldallowpeopletomakeinformeddecisions.Unfortunately,thatisofteninaccessibleasblockedbythedesiretobeshockingortodefendsomespecialinterests.Peoplemightbecomehalf­blindbeforeaworldpartiallyexhibitedbythemedia.That'sashame,becausemattersconcerningthehealthoftheplanetarefartooimportanttobetreatedlightly.本文叙述了怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境造成的危胁，认为地球状况是良好的，这迎合了一些追求利益的商业公司。但是关系地球健康的问题是相当重要的，人们确定要严峻 对待。1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayberegardedas“skeptics”？A.Peoplewhoagreeonthepopularityof“eco­guilt”．B.Peoplewhodisbelievetheserioussituationofourplanet.C.Peoplewhodisliketheharmfuleffectofhumanactivities.D.Peoplewhospreadcomfortingnewstoprotectourenvironment.答案：B。细节理解题。依据短文第一段可知，怀疑论者不承认人类活动对环境的影响。短文其次段其次句话中提到，他们认为世界的真正状态是好的，由此可知B项正确。2.WhichofthefollowingcanbeareasonforthepopularityofLomborg'sbook?A．Somebigbusinessesintendtoprotecttheirowninterests.B．Thebookchallengesviewsaboutthefinestateoftheworld.C．Theauthorconvincespeopletoseekcomfortingworldviews.D．Industry­fundedmediapresentconfusinginformation.答案：A。细节理解题。依据短文其次段最终一句话可知Lomborg的观点与一些由工业资助的组织的观点是相像的。因此可知这些大的组织为了自己的利益也不会留意环保。3.TheauthormentionedthereviewinNatureinorderto______.A.voiceadifferentopinion B.findfaultwithLomborg'sbookC.challengetheauthorityofthemedia D.pointoutthevalueofscientificviews答案：A。推理推断题。第三段提到加拿大的一家报纸对Lomborg的书大加赞扬，第四段又提到这片面的观点应当受到挑战，然后说“Nature”杂志上就有不同的评论。由此可知A项正确。4.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toencouragetheskepticstohaveacriticaleye.B.Towarnthepublicofthedangerofhalf­blindnesswithreviews.C.Toblamethemedia'slackofresponsibilityinpresentinginformation.D.Toshowtheimportanceofpresentingoverallinformationbythemedia.答案：D。作者意图题。由短文最终一段其次句话可知，媒体应当供应全方位的信息，让人们在了解状况的前提下做出打算。由此可知D项正确。阅读理解。Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers’desiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive（主管）oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes：“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclockisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand.”Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions（排放）.Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted（授予）thestandard,theycanusealogo（标识）inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.()1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.B.Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.C.Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.D.Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers’environmentalawareness.()2.Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.affectB.changeC.disturbD.reject()3.AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissionsB.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppersC.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissionsD.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere()4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.A.haveastrongdesiretoreducecostsB.usethesamelogointheirmarketingC.gainadvantagesbytakingearlyactionD.attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods【语篇解读】本篇文章为说明文。现在顾客购物已经开头考虑环保的问题。面临顾客环保的心理需求，企业只有主动实行措施，削减排放，才会更好地赢得顾客的信任，进而获得更好的收益1、答案D。【解析】主旨大意题。依据第一段最终一句“However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns”及最终一段第一句可知，企业因购买者的环保意识而去减排。故选D项。2、答案A。【解析】词义猜想题。由本段中“whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy”可知，现在三分之二的顾客在购物时对环境的考虑比一年前程度加深了。因此A项符合句子意思3、答案A。解析】推理推断题。依据第四段最终一句“cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand