谓语动词的被动语态【高效课堂精研】 中考英语语法专题突破课件 （广东）

专题二动词第3讲谓语动词的被动语态用动词的适当形式填空。回顾动词的被动语态在教材中的用法。1.Hefounditinterestingthatsomanyproductsinthelocalshops___________(make)inChina.(RJ9全U5)温故知新：“主语＋was/were＋done”表示一般过去时的被动语态。weremade2.AprilFool'sDay_________(happens/ishappened)onApril1steveryyear.(RJ9全U12改编)温故知新：不及物动词happen没有被动语态。happens()Whenheturnedseven,hegot￡7aweek.Nowattheageoffifteen,he________￡15everyweek.

(2024广东语法选择)A.givesB.isgivenC.isgivingB点拨：考查动词。由句意“现在他十五岁了，他每周被给15英镑”可知，主语he与动作give之间是被动关系，该句时态为一般现在时，故用isgiven。广东省卷近5年中考统计情况考点年份题型20242023一般现在时语法选择(32)isgiven考点年份题型20242023一般过去时语法选择(33)wereinvited考点年份题型202220212020一般过去时语法选择(37)wereasked(39)wereinvited(39)wereinvented被动语态的基本结构时态结构例子一般现在时am/is/are＋doneThedesksaremadeinChina.(肯定句)Thedesksaren'tmadeinChina.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)ArethedesksmadeinChina？(一般疑问句,把am/is/are提至句首)一般过去时(5年4考)was/were＋doneThebuildingwasbuilttenyearsago.(肯定句)Thebuildingwasn'tbuilttenyearsago.(否定句，在was/were后加not)Wasthebuildingbuilttenyearsago?(一般疑问句，把was/were提至句首)一般将来时will＋be＋done

Anewschoollibrarywillbebuiltnextyear.(肯定句)Anewschoollibrarywon'tbebuiltnextyear.(否定句，在will后加not)Willanewschoollibrarybebuiltnextyear?(一般疑问句，把will提至句首)

一般将来时am/is/aregoingto＋be＋done

Anewschoollibraryisgoingtobebuiltnextyear.(肯定句)Anewschoollibraryisn'tgoingtobebuiltnextyear.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)Isanewschoollibrarygoingtobebuiltnextyear?(一般疑问句，把am/is/are提至句首)含有情态动词情态动词＋be＋doneStudentsshouldbeallowedtousemobilephonesatschool.(肯定句)Studentsshouldn'tbeallowedtousemobilephonesatschool.(否定句，在情态动词后加not)Shouldstudentsbeallowedtousemobilephonesatschool?(一般疑问句，把情态动词提至句首)被动语态的使用方法1.由主动语态变为被动语态的方法。

(1)把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。

(2)把动词变为被动形式，即be＋过去分词，并注意

其人称和数要跟随主语变化，而动词的时态则保

持不变。＋

＋

.(主动语态)(3)原主动句的主语如需要可放在by后面，并以它的宾格

形式出现(代词的宾格)，如不需要可省略。(4)其他的成分(定语、状语)不变。例如：WeboughtsomebooksSomebooks＋

＋.(被动语态)____boughtbyuswere2.被动语态的使用情况。

在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列

几种情况：

(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。例如：

ThiswatchismadeinChina.

这块手表是中国制造的。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。例如：

Smokingisn'tallowedinthegasstation.

加油站里不允许抽烟。(3)强调或突出动作的承受者。例如：

Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleinthe

world.

世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语使用广泛)1.含有使役动词或某些感官动词的被动语态。常用的使役动词make，let，have等及感官动词

see，hear，watch，notice等在表达主动意义时，常用的结构是make/see/hear/watch/noticesb.dosth.，宾语补足语为不带to的不定式，被动语态的注意事项但在被动语态中要把to加上，即sb.bemade/seen/heard/watched/noticedtodosth.。例如：(1)Hemademedothework.他让我做这项工作。

(主动，do前没有to)

→Iwasmadetodothework.我被派去做这项工作。

(被动，do前加上to)(2)TomsawLucywatertheflowerslastnight.

→Lucywasseentowatertheflowerslastnight.(3)Theyheardhimsingsongsintheroomlastnight.

→Hewasheardtosingsongsintheroomlastnight.

判断含有使役动词或某些感官动词的被动语态中究竟有没有to,其实有个窍门：使役动词或感官动词前有be，则有to；无be，则无to。2.双宾句的被动语态。例如：MymothergivesLily

apen．Lilyisgivenapenbymymother.ApenisgiventoLilybymymother.间接宾语直接宾语3.感官动词(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)用主动

结构表示被动。

例如：

Theflowersmellsnice.

/Thecaketastesdelicious.

/

Thewatchlooksbeautiful.4.不及物动词(happen,takeplace,breakout,cost等)没有

被动语态。

例如：

GreatchangesweretakenplaceinChina.(×)

→GreatchangestookplaceinChina.(√)5.某些与well,badly,easily,smoothly等副词连用的不及

物动词，表示物体的某种属性特征，不用被动语态。

常见的词有sell,wash,write,read,open,lock等。

Thenewsmartphonesellsverywell.

这款新的智能手机卖得很好。

Thesweaterwasheseasily.这件毛衣很容易洗。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。Thepassagereadssmoothly.这篇文章读起来很流畅。Thedoorlockseasily.这扇门很容易锁。6.许多由不及物动词构成的短语，在变为被动语态时，

动词后的介词或副词不可省略。

Youshouldtake

care

ofthechildren.

→Thechildrenshould

be

taken

care

of．7.want/need/require＋doing＝want/need/require＋tobe

done(tobedone是不定式的被动结构)。

Mybikeisbroken.Itneeds

repairing.

→Mybikeisbroken.Itneeds

to

be

repaired．8.beworthdoing中，doing表示被动含义。

Thisfilmis

worth

watching.这部电影值得一看。一、语法巩固。1.Thisrestaurant_______(islooked/looks)interesting.

(RJ9全U3)2.—Howcleantheroadsare!—They__________(arecleaned/cleaned)bythehard­workingcleanerseveryday.looksarecleaned3.Jack_________(seen/wasseen)towalkintothelibrarylastevening.wasseen二、微语境练。根据提示，用单词的正确形式填空。Paper­making(造纸术)1._____________(invent)byancientChinese.Thenit2._____________(improve)severaltimes.Paper­making3.________(show)thegreatwisdom(智慧)ofancientChinesepeopleandhasspreadtomanycountriesallovertheworld.wasinventedwasimprovedshows一、被动语态在语法选择中的运用。

分析广东省卷近5年中考真题可知，在语法选择中，被动语态考查5次，2024年考查一般现在时的被动语态，2020～2023年考查一般过去时的被动语态。学生在做题时需注意以下两点：(1)判断主语和谓语之间的关系是主动还是被动；(2)判断被动语态的时态和数的变化：联系上下文，确定被动语态的时态；助动词be要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。Basketballisamuch­lovedandactivesportthatisenjoyedbymanypeopleforfunandexercise.Itisover100yearsoldandit1.____________bymorethan100millionpeopleinover200countries.()1.A.playB.playedC.isplayed语境分析法CisplayedItisbelievedthatthefirstbasketballgameinhistoryappearedonDecember21,1891.Thenin1936inBerlin,itbecameaneventattheOlympics.Basketball2.______________byaCanadiandoctornamedJamesNaismith,whowasbornin1861.()2.A.inventsB.wasinventedC.isinventedBwasinventedWhenhewasacollegeteacher,he3.__________tothinkofagamethatstudentscouldplayinthewinter.SoDr.Naismithcreatedthegamepeoplecouldplayinsideonthehardfloor.()3.A.asksB.wasaskedC.isaskedBwasaskedToday,thepopularityofbasketballhasrisenaroundtheworld.Lotsofpeople4._______toplaybasketballinparks,schoolsandevenfactoriesinChina.Ibelieveit5.________________bymanyyoungpeoplearoundtheworldinthefuture.(改编自RJ9全U6课文)()4.A.seeB.wereseenC.areseen()5.A.willbelovedB.lovesC.waslovedCAareseenwillbeloved二、被动语态在短文填空中的运用。

分析广东省卷近7年中考真题可知，在短文填空中，被动语态2018年考查1次，考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。在做题时，需先分析句子所缺成分，再根据主语和谓语之间的关系判断语态。In1826,aFrenchmannamedNiepceneededpicturesforhisbusiness.Buthewasnotagoodartist.Soheinventedaverysimplecamera.It1.____usedtotakeapictureofhisgarden.Thatwasthefirstphoto.语境分析法calltakeseebewasThenextimportantdateinthehistoryofphotographywasin1837.Thatyear,anotherFrenchman,Daguerre,tookapictureofhisreadingroom.Heusedanewkindofcamerainadifferentway.Inhispicture,everythingcouldbe2____clearly,eventhesmallestthing.Thiskindofwaywas3.______thedaguerreotype(银版照相法).Soon,otherpeoplebegantouseDaguerre'sway.1.______2.______3.______seencalledwasseencalled一、语法选择。语篇类型：记叙文主题：人与自然(环保意识)难度：

词数：约190

用时：7分钟数：BeforeIcametoChina,Ididn'tknowfooddelivery(外卖)apps.Theyweresostrangeto1.____．In2022,IcametoBeijing.IfoundIcouldorderfoodonmyphone2.________leavingmyflat.()1.A.me B.mine C.my ()2.A.in B.at C.withoutACmewithoutAboutanhourlater,thefood3.____________tomyhome.Afterthat,Iusedtheappstoorderfoodalmosteverynight.Gradually,Ibecame4.______thanbefore.()3.A.send B.wassent C.issent ()4.A.fat B.fatter C.thefattestBBwassentfatterWhenIdidn'tfeellike5.____________dinner,Iorderedsomedishesontheapps.WhenI6.______togetmedicine,Ijustturnedonmyphone.7._____convenienttheseappswere!()5.A.cooking B.tocook C.cook()6.A.want B.wanted C.willwant()7.A.What B.Whata C.HowABCcookingwantedHowHowever,theseappscanledtoaseriousproblem—theincreaseinpackagingwaste.Afterorderingdeliveryfoodforafewnights,Icanseetherubbishbinswithplasticbagsanddisposableutensils(一次性餐具).8.___________youcanchoosenottousetheutensilsprovidedontheapps,itcan'tavoidpackagingwaste.()8.A.If B.Until C.AlthoughCAlthoughTosolve9.____problem,Ithinkweshouldreducetheuseofplasticbags.Weshouldalso10.___________sorted(分类)theseplasticbags.Toprotecttheenvironment,weneedtoreducethewaste.()9.A.an B.the C.a ()10.A.proper B.improper C.properlyBCtheproperly二、短文填空。语篇类型：记叙文主题：人与自我(自我提升)难度：

词数：约210

用时：7分钟数：downwhatweakbutchanceupdirectlyfocusprideweshowhoweverWateristhesoftestthinginnature,andLaoZireallyadmiredit.Thegentlenessofwaterdoesnotmeanweakness,butratherit1.________aspiritofperseverance(毅力).Comparedwiththosehardstones,waterisgentle.Itisnaturaltothinkthatwaterhaslittlepower.2.__________,withcontinuedeffortsovertime,evenwaterdroplets(水滴)canbreakahardstone