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高二英语期末考试复习上外版2020选择性必修第二册

Unit1-2现在/过去分词做表语

Participleasthepredicative

上外版选择性必修二Unit1PartOne

PresentParticipleasthePredicative(现在分词用作表语)The–ingform一般跟在be,get,become,look,sound,feel,keep,remain,grow,seem,appear等系动词后面,相当于形容词。2.动名词(短语)作表语,表示抽象的一般性行为,用来说明主语的内容,与主语通常是同一概念,表语和主语常可互换位置。Herhobbyispainting.Myjobislookingafterthechildren.作表语的现在分词、过去分词、不定式的区别:①不定式做表语表示主语的内容,强调一次性的,具体的,将要发生的动作。②动名词做表语表示主语的内容,表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。过去分词做表语表被动、完成,或人感到。现在分词做表语表述主语的特征和性质,表示令人。MyjobisteachingHerjobthismorningistosweepthefloor.Thenewswasverydisappointing.Weweredeeplymovedbyhismovingdeeds.PartTwo

PastParticipleasthePredicative(过去分词用作表语)1.Shewas

movedbythemovingspeech.2.Sheseems

surprisedatthenews.3.Theylooked

frightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.4.Thedooris

closed.

过去分词可置于

后作

语,用来表示主语的性质、特征或

。系动词表状态观察下列句子并总结规律Lookatthefollowingexamples.Theshopis_________(close).closedCleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget______(pay)bythehour.

paidTherearetwoglasseswhichare_______(break).brokenThereare

two

broken

glasses.常见的系动词有:1.状态系动词:be2.持续系动词:keep,remain,stay,lie,stand3.表象系动词:seem,appear4.感官系动词:look,smell,sound,taste,feel5.变化系动词:become,grow,turn,fall,get6.终止系动词:prove,turnout1.过去分词作表语,表示主语的特点或所处的状态,与被动语态结构相似,主要是表示动作的完成和状态,相当于一个形容词,其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。

如:Everyonepresent

wasveryinspiredathisspeech.

Youseemfrightened.

这类作表语的过去分词有:interested;surprised;astonished(感到吃惊的);amazed;shocked;

frightened;terrified(感到恐惧的);scared;delighted(感到高兴的);pleased;amused(感到开心的);disappointed;worried;tired;bored;puzzled;satisfied(满意的);depressed(感到消沉的);upset;disturbed(感到不安的);confused;inspired;encouraged,frustrated(感到沮丧的);embarrassed过去分词作表语,强调主语的特点或状态,相当于形容词;被动语态中,句子主语是动作的承受者,后面常跟by。例如:Thisshopisclosed.(状态)Thisshopisclosedbythelocalgovernment.(动作)2.过去分词作表语,构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别内容回顾Thecupis

broken.Shelooked

excited.系动词be

动词状态过去分词做表语,放在_________或_______的后面,说明主语所处的______,,________,和______.性质特征心情过去分词做表语过去分词做表语与动词的被动语态的区别:Theglassisbroken.Theglassisbrokenbythenaughtyboy.(是过去分词做表语)(是动词的被动语态)结论:过去分词做表语,强调的是主语所处的______,而动词的被动语态表示的是一个_______.状态动作过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状态。此时的过去分词作表语相当于一个形容词。Nowonderheisexcited!(predicative)可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有:1.表情感的过去分词:delighted,disappointed,upset,astonished,excited,frightened,experienced,interested,qualified,puzzled,exhausted,satisfied2.表状态的一些过去分词:lost;seated;hidden;lost/absorbedin;born;dressedin;tiredof。

Eg.飞机着陆的时候乘客要保持就座的状态。Thepassengersshouldremain/beseatedastheplaneismakingalanding.Tranlsatethefollowingsentences.1.我的暑假很烦闷。Mysummerholidaywasveryboring.2.他的话很鼓舞人。Hiswordsareinspiring.3.这个消息很令人震惊。Thenewsisquiteshocking.v-ing形式作表语

v–ing用来表示主语所具有__________,通常翻译成_______。性质和特征令人…的

boringinspiringshocking过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别:Weare____________(interest)inthefilm.Thefilmis____________(interest)

tous.Michellesounded__________(excite)tohearthenews.Thenewssounded____________(excite).过去分词作表语一般形容人;现在分词作表语一般形容物interestedinterestingexcitedexcitingThequestionisrather__________(puzzle).puzzlingThestudentisquite___________(puzzle).puzzledinspired Mr.Smithdeliveredaspeech,whichwasvery___________.Theaudiencewere___________afterlistenningtothespeech.(inspire)inspiring1.Theplantsthattheyfoundtherewere

(astonish)2.Iwas

(astonish)tolearnthathislonglostchild

hadbeenfound.3.She

had

a

(worry)

look

on

her

face

because

she

failed

theexam.

4.

He

looked

(interest)

in

the

idea

I

put

forward.

5.The

motherwenttovisitEinstein.(puzzle)

astonishingastonishedworriedinterestedpuzzled6.There

is

nothing________(leave)to

do

but

wait

for

my

parents

to

come

here.

7.All

his

fans

are

__________(inspire)by

LiJian’s

humor

inVoiceofChina.8.Bebrave.Youlooklikea

___

bird(frighten)9.Thefiercelionlooks

___

(frighten).Keepawayfromitscageoritwillattackyou.leftinspiredfrightenedfrightening

SubjectClauses

主语从句上外版选择性必修二Unit2一、定义在主从复合句中,充当

的从句叫主语从句。e.g.(分析下列句子成分)Whathedidintheearthquakemovedeverybody.

主语从句谓语宾语ThatChinawillbecomemorepowerfuliscertain.主语从句谓语表语主语Thathewillpasstheexamiscertain.Whetherhewillpasstheexamisuncertain.Whowillgomakesnodifference.Whatweneedismoretime.WhichbookIshallchoosehasn’tbeendecided.找出下列句子中的主语从句二、引导主语从句三大连接词:1、从属连词:that,whetherthat

无词义,在从句中不作成分,但不能省略whether

意为“是否”,在从句中不作成分,可放在句首或句末,但不可省略e.g.shegotthefirstprizemadeherparentsveryhappy.shewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.无义是否ThatWhether

练一练1、_________wegotherebytrainorbyairisnotclear.2、______shelefthimmadehimverysad.WhetherThat2、连接代词:连接代词

中文意思在从句中的成分

who/whom

__whoever

______

what

__________

whatever_______

which

______

whichever________whose____

不可省略谁不论谁什么\什么事无论什么哪一个无论哪一个谁的

主语宾语表语定语e.g.Whateveryoudoshoulddonoharmtoothers.

无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。

Whowilltakehisplaceisnotimportant.

谁将代替他并不重要。

练一练1、_________willhostthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.2、________carrunsfastershouldbetested.3、________comestoourschooliswelcome.4、________sidewillwinisnotclear.

WhoWhoseWhoeverWhich3、连接副词:

连接副词

中文意思在从句中的成分when

where

why

how

不可省略什么时候在哪里为什么怎么样,如何时间状语地点状语原因状语方式状语练一练1、_____hedidn’tcomeyesterdayisunknown.2、____________wewillsetupthefactoryshouldbediscussed.3、__________thishappenedisnotclear.WhyWhen/WhereHow/Why三、用it作形式主语的主语从句常用句型如下:It+be+名词+that从句It+be+形容词+that从句It+be+过去分词+that从句It+不及物动词+that从句It+及物动词+宾语+that从句

注解:一般来说主语从句都是放在

,但有时为了使句子

,避免”头重脚轻”,常用

,从而把主语从句放在

句首保持平衡

it

形式主语后面It+be+名词+that从句

Itisapitythat…

很遗憾…

Itisafactthat…

事实是…

形式主语常用句型It+be+形容词+that从句

Itisobviousthat……显然...Itisimportantthat….重要的是…

It+be+过去分词+that从句

Itissaidthat...据说...Itisknownthat…众所周知…

Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起…

It+不及物动词+that1)Itis+n.+that

Itisapity/shamethat...

Itisasurprisethat…

Itisafactthat…Itiscommonknowledgethat…

*_______________(很可惜)welostthematch.*______________(这是事实)hecheatedintheexam.ItisapitythatItisafactthat可惜的是……令人吃惊的是…事实是……是常识2)Itis+adj.+that

It’scertainthat…

Itispossible/likelythat...Itisobvious/clearthat…Itistruethat…

*_______________(很可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow.*_______________(很明显)heisanEnglish.ItispossiblethatItisobviousthat肯定…很可能……很明显…的确…3)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...Itisknowntoallthat...Itisreportedthat...Itisbelievedthat...Itissuggestedthat+(should)do...*_________________(据报道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.*__________________(建议)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise.ItisreportedthatItissuggestedthat据说……众所周知……据报道……据相信……;人们相信……建议……4)It+不及物动词+thatIthappenedthat...Itoccurredtomethat…Itappears/seemsthat…Itturnedoutthat…*________________(刚好)Iwasoutyesterday.*____________________(我突然想起)Iforgottosenttheletter.IthappenedthatItoccurredtomethat碰巧……

我突然想起…似乎,好像…原来…5)It+及物动词+宾语+that从句Itworriedherthat…Itshockedmethat….*____________________(让我吃惊的是)shetreatedintheexam.Itsurprisedmethat让她担心的是…让我震惊的是…

1、Thatwecan’tgotoseethemovieontheweekendisapity.2、Thathismemorywasbecomingworseworriedhimalot.Itisapitythatwecan’tgotoseethemovieontheweekend.Itworriedhimalotthathismemorywasbecomingworse.用it作形式主语来改写下面的句子

改错1、Thatiswidelybelievedthatsmokingcancausecancer.2、Itissuggestedthatwewillholdameetingnextweek.It(作形式主语)解析:过去分词如果是suggested,ordered,requested等表示建议,命令,请求等的词时,主语从句应用虚拟语气,即“(should)+动词原形”(should)hold四、主语从句中应注意的问题1、主语从句一律用陈述语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。

e.g.remainsamystery.他为什么做那件事依然是个谜。Whyhedidit主语从句的时态受主句的时态影响和限制。例1.Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.正:Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.例2.Thathefinisheshisworkontimewasagreatsurprisetousall.正:Thathefinishedhisworkontimewas...2、从句做主语时,主句谓语动词的单复数①单个主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数e.g.Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeeting

notbeendecidedyet.②由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词也用单数

e.g.Whenandwhereweshallhaveoursportsmeetingnotbeendecidedyet.

has

has

③如果用and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用复数

e.g.Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgonotbeendecidedyet.have

注意what和who引导主语从句时,主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。WhatIneed______money.WhatIneed______books.isareWhoyouwillgowith______Lucy.Whoyouwillgowith______thetwins.isare3、whether

引导的主语从句,如果用了形式主语it,引导词whether

可以换成if,

如果whether

从句在句首或后面有ornot

时,不能换成if.

Whethertheywillsellthehouseisnotdecidedyet.whether可以引导主语从句,放在句首,但if不能Itisnotdecidedyetwhethertheywillsellthehouse.不可用if替换可用if替换主语从句考点归纳主语从句连接词的使用

主谓一致(谓语动词单数?复数?)

形式主语结构主语从句的语序、时态

合作探究练习___leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Which2.___hehasbecomearichmanisknowntoallinourtown.A.BecauseB.ThatC./D.What3.___Ineedismoretime.A.ThatB.WhatC./D.Which4.____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where5.___Jacklookedsoexcitedisnotclear.A.ThatB.WhereC.whenD.why6.____thatwewillgoshoppingthisafternoon.A.Itisagoodidea B.Itisapity C.Thatisagoodidea D.Thatisapity7.Itwasrequestedthateveryone_______aspeechatthemeeting.A.made B.makes C.bemade D.make演练1Translation:①她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。_____________________________madeusveryhappy.②他能通过考试是肯定的。_____________________________iscertain.ThatshecouldcometohelpusThathecanpasstheexam连接词:whether/if1.Whetherwewillgocamping

dependsontheweather.2.WhetherLiuxiangwillwinthegameornot

isnotclear.3.Whethertheplanwillbecarriedout

isstillunknown.=Itisstillunknownif/whethertheplanwillbecarriedout.Discovery:whether/if在从句中_______(充当/不充当)任何句子成分,意为“_________”,起连接作用,_______(可以/不可以)省略。但_________(whether/if)引导的主语从句只能放句尾,句首需用_________作主语。不充当是否不可以ifitIt演练2他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。①_________________________________isofgreatimportance.②Itisveryimportant____________________________________.Whetherhecanfinishhistaskontimewhether/ifhecanfinishhistaskontime连接词:连接代词(who,whose,whom,what,which,whichever,whoever,whomever,whatever等)。1.Whowillgototheconcert

isunknown.2.Whoseresponsibiltyitisremainstobediscussed.3.Whatthelecturesaid

isofgreatvalue.4.Whatitwastobecome

wasuncertain.Discovery:连接代词引导主语从句,在从句中可以充当_______、_________、________或_________等句子成分。主语定语宾语表语演练3Fillintheblankswiththeproperconnectivewordsandanalyzewhattheyareusedas:1.______weneedi

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