第10-讲-必修一Unit4-词汇和阅读-(外研版2019必修第一册)(原卷版)

第10讲Unit4Friendsforever（词汇与阅读）【学习目标】提前预习新外研版必修一Unit4的重点词汇和阅读掌握中高考阅读理解区别和题型解题技巧掌握常见三种构词法【基础知识】一．重点词汇学习1.familiaradj.2.prefervt.3.deliverv.4.clickv.5.enablev.6.tendv.7.significantadj.8.advance.9.acquirev.10.provev.11.patiencen.12.unfortunatelyadv.13.inspiringadj.14.passionn.15.generosityn.16humorn.17.qualityn.18.distancen.19.anxious20.postponev.21.strikev.22.scarn.23.scenen.24.unfoldv.25..ordinaryadj.26.hustlev.27.ashamedadj..28.surroundings29.personality30.appointedadj.31.thanksto32.atmosphere33.oughtto34.turnup35.location36.bitterly重点词汇答案：见教材词汇表重点词汇解析考点一：Mean(vt)-meant-meant:意味着，意思是有...的目的，打算(adj):吝啬的；刻薄的，不善良的Meantodosth:打算做某事Hadmeanttodosth:本打算做某事Bemeantfor...:注定适合...Bemeanttodosth:应该做某事；意在做某事Bemeanwith...:在...方面吝啬Bemeantosb:对某人吝啬例1．【单句填空】Ididn’tmean(eat)anything,buttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp(try)it.Don’tbemeanfabric(布料),otherwisecurtainswillenduplookingugly.Whilesendingflowersasgifts,wecan’tchooseflowersarbitrarily（任意地）,becausedifferentflowersmaycarrydifferent(mean).Theearthisourhome.Wemusttakecareofit.Thismeans(keep)theland,waterandairclean.Addpicturestoyourjournal.Eventhoughyourjournalismeantwriting,picturesarestillworthathousandwords.考点二：Advance(n):进步，进展；前进，行进(v):前进，行进；发展，进步；促进，推动Advanced(adj):先进的，高级的;预先的，事先的advancement(n):发展，前进；提升Makeanadvance/advancesin...:在...方面取得进展=makeprogressin...Inadvance:预先，事先=aheadoftimeInadvanceof:在...前面；（发展上）超前Advanceon/towards:朝向...前进+across/through:前进穿过...Nottoadvanceistogoback:不进则退例2．【单句填空】1.Ihaveworkedhereasatypistforaboutayear,andI’dliketohaveachanceof.2.Therewillbeadiscountonthecostofthe6-weekEnglishcourseifyoupayadvance.3.Chinaisbuildingtheworld’slargestearthquakealertsystemandit’spossiblythemost.4.当学生们在课前得知这一令人兴奋的消息时，他们高兴得跳了起来。Whenstudentsweretoldtheexcitingnewstheclass,theyjumpedwithjoy.5.看！一群孩子正向动物园前进。Look!Agroupofchildrenthezoo.考点三：Enable(vt):使可能；使发生；使有机会；使成为可能Disable(vt):使伤残；使残废Enable...todosth:使...能够/有机会做某事；使...做某事成为可能En--en(v):Enrich:使丰富Endanger:使遭危险Enjoyencourageshortenbroadensharpenstrengthen:加强，增强例3．【单句填空】However,yourwillingnesstodealwiththeseproblemswillfinally(able)youtoworkthemout.Inthepastfewweeks,to(courage)studentsfortheOlympics,alargenumberofuniversitieshavebeguntoofferacademiccredits(学分).Technologicaldevelopmentsallthroughtheyearshaveenabledus(do)morewithlesseffort.考点四：Remain（系v):仍然是，保持；(vi):逗留，不离去；剩余，遗留（不用进行和被动）；仍需做（或说，处理）Remains(n):剩余物，剩饭菜；遗迹；遗骸例4．【单句填空】Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding(remain)now.remainstobeseenwhetherJimwillbefitenoughtotakepartinthecompetition.Thispaintingwascompletedin1988andisoneoftheonlyfour(remain)piecesintheworld.Whetherwecanraiseenoughmoneytocarryouttheprojectremains(discuss).这听起来是个好主意，可是它能否成功尚待观察。Itsoundslikeagoodidea,butwhetheritwillsucceed.考点五：Tend(v):往往会，常常就；趋向，倾向，易于做某事；照料，照管，护理Tendency(n):倾向，趋势Tendtodosth:常常会做某事Tendto/towardssth:趋向，趋于....Tend(to)sb/sth:照料...=attendtosb/sthHaveatendencytodosth:有做某事的倾向例5．【单句填空】Thereisawidespread(tend)thatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplechooseonlineshoppingratherthangotostorestobuywhattheylike.Wetend(have)abettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappealto(吸引)ouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.Somepeoplehaveanaturaltendency(compare)themselveswithotherswiththehopeofgettingsatisfaction.他的工作是照看羊。考点六：Present(v):展现，显示；把...交给，颁发，授予；到场，出现；(n):礼物，赠品；目前；(adj):当前的，现存的；出席，在场（后置定语）Presence(n)-absence(n):Presentoneself:展示自己Presentsthtosb/presentsbwithsth:将某物授予/赠与某人Atthepresenttime=atpresent：目前Forthepresent=forthetimebeing:暂且，暂时Bepresentat:出席....beabsentfrom...:缺席In/duringone’spresence=inthepresenceofsb:在某人面前；有某人在场In/duringone’sabsence:某人不在时例6．【单句填空】TheOlympicSportsCenterisbeingbuiltpresentinthecityandissaidtobeopentothepublicin2019.Iwastheonlyoneinourclasspresentthemeetingyesterday.Nomatterwhatcountryhevisited,hecalledontheruleroftheland,presentingvaluablegiftshimtoexpressChina’ssinceredesiretodevelopfriendlyrelations.他把宝剑(sword)捐赠给了博物馆。考点七：Patience(un):耐心，忍耐力；-(adj):patient-(adv):patientlyImpatience:不耐烦，无耐心Be/outofpatiencewith...:对...失去耐心/无法忍受Havenopatiencewith...:对...没有耐心，无法忍受...Loseone’spatience:失去耐心Withpatience:耐心地Tryone’spatience:考验某人的耐心极限Patienceisavirtue.例7．【单句填空】Withenoughtimeand,gainingtrustandchangingwrongbeliefsispossible.Inthefollowingweeks,Sallyworkedout10classrulesandpostedthemonthewallsoftheclassroom.Sheexplainedalltherulestothestudentsandrequiredeveryonetofollowthem.Icalledhimseveraltimes,buteachtimehissecretarytoldmethathewasinameetingandthathewouldcallmelater.SoIwaitedandwaited,andwasgrowingwithnocall.考点八：Anxious(adj):焦虑的，担心的；渴望的(adv):anxiously:焦虑地，不安地Anxiety(n):担心，忧虑；渴望Withanxiety:焦虑地Anxietyabout/over....:对...的焦虑Anxietyfor...:对...的渴望Beanxiousfors/aboutsb/sth:为...担心/担忧Beanxiousfor=beeagerfor=bekeenon...:渴望......Beanxioustodosth渴望做某事Beanxiousthat...(should)dosth:渴望..做某事例8．【单句填空】AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxious(get)morepublicapproval（认可）。Ithasbeenpointedoutthatwhatplaysavitalroleindrivingawayone’s(anxious)isone’ssweetchildhoodmemories.Jackstillcan’thelpbeinganxioushisjobinterview.我进入房间时，她正在电话旁焦急地等待着。WhenIenteredtheroom,shewaswaitingbythephone.(anxiety)考点九：Strike-struck-struck-striking(vt):划火柴；敲，报时；撞击，碰撞；打击；（灾难，疾病）侵袭，爆发；给...印象；打动，把...迷住；使（寒气，恐惧等）侵入，进入；突然想到(n):罢工Strikesb+介词+the+身体部位：击打某人某处Bestruckby...:被...打动Strikesbassth:给某人以...印象Soone’sheart:使...进入某人心中，使某人感到...Sthstrikessb:某人突然想到...Itstrikessbthat/how/what...:某人突然想到......Be(out)onstrike:在罢工Comeouton/goonstrike:举行罢工例9．【单句填空】1.MrWills,whowashelpedupontotheplatformtotaketheprize,lookedasifhehad(strike)bylighting.ItstruckmewecouldadvertiseourproductsontheInternet.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonthecompetitionstruckexcitementourhearts.Whenhesaidsomethingrudeaboutmymother,Iwantedtostrikehimonfacewiththepeanutbutterandsandwiches.考点十：Distance(vt):使与...保持距离；撇清与...的关系(n):距离，间距，间隔；冷淡，疏远Distant(adj):遥远的，久远的；远处的；远亲的-(adv):distantly:远地；冷淡地；远亲关系地Distanceyourself(fromsth):撇清你自己（与......)Inthedistance:在远处，在远方From/atadistance:从远处，离一段距离+of:+具体距离Keep...atadistance:与...保持一定距离,疏远，冷淡Keepone’sdistancefrom...:与...保持距离；疏远，避免与...亲近Keep...atanarm’sdistance:与...保持一臂的距离Bedistantfrom...:离...远例10．【单句填空】-Canyouseethemanthedistance?-Yes,Ican.heismyneighborMrSmith,whoisdifficulttogetalongwithbecausehealwayskeepseveryoneadistance.Wecouldseenothinginthethickfogadistanceoffivemetres,sowegotlost.Hishousestandsonahillandcanbeseenfromaoftwomileswhilemyhouseistenmilesfromhis,andourtwofamiliesarerelated.(distant)考点11：Alive(adj):活着，有活力；激动兴奋（-人/物-可表可后定）living,live,livelyLiving(adj):活着的；在使用的（-人/物-前置定语）Live(adj):活着的；（前置定语）：现场直播的，现场演出的Lively(adj):生气勃勃的，充满趣味的（-人/物-可表，定，补语）例11．【单句填空】Attheendofthetwoweeksofthesummercamp,thekidswillperformashow.Airpollutionisstillthemostserious.It’sbadforallthingsintheworld;butitisnottheonlyonekindofpollution.Earlyhumansgotthesalttheyneededtostayfromtheanimalstheykilled.Thiscity-onceasmallfishingvillage-istodayaninternationalbusinesscenter.Theriverwasoncewithfishes,butnowwefindnoneasaresultofpollution.考点12：Worth(adj):（指行动）值得，有价值；（用well修饰）（表，后定）：有...价值，值...钱；(n):价值=value;价值...的东西1：Sthisworth+n/pron:某事值得...Sthis(well)worthdoing:某事（很）值得It’swellworthdoingsth:做某事是很值得的Sthisworthit.:...是值得的2：sth/sbisworthyof+n:某事/某人值得......Sthisworthyofbeingdone:某事值得做Sthisworthytobedone:某事值得做3：itisworthwhiledoingsth:做某事是值得的Itisworthwhiletodosth:做某事是值得的例12．【单句填空】Sometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward(回报),theriskseemsworth(take).Thecarwasbeautiful,andIthoughtitwasworthwhileit.ButmyfriendJacksaiditwasnotworthyof,becauseitwastooexpensive.(buy)Theyoungdesigner,whosedesignforthebuildingwonaninternationalaward,isworthy(respect).参加这样的活动是值得的。拓展1：Turnup:调大声；偶然出现；到达，来到，露面；（尤指失去后偶然）被发现，被找到Tomhadtoturntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.Iturnedandsawapleasantwomanwithabigsmileonherfacewavingtowishmeasafetrip.SuddenlywheatpenniesbeganturningonthesidewalksofNewYorkeverywhere.拓展2：Losetrackof...:与...失去联系=losetouchwith..；.忘记；Keeptrackof...:记录；与...保持联系=getintouchwithBeoutoftouchwithsb-(反义)keepintouchwith/beintouchwithsb【真题演练】I.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesfromtheboxbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.A.volunteerB.routineC.particularD.inspireE.challengeF.sceneG.reflectH.acquireI.typicalJ.uniqueK.domestic1.Thecarvingsrepresentahunting.这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。2.Thenewgovernment'sfirstistheeconomy.新政府面临的第一项挑战是经济。3.Theoceanwouldmoreheatandlight.海洋会反射更多的光和热。4.Tedwasveryaboutthecoloursheused.特德对于他使用的颜色是非常挑剔的。5.AuntMarytocleanupthekitchen.玛丽姨妈主动要求打扫厨房。6.Administrativepersonnelshouldalsosometechnicalskills.管理人员也应该学几门手艺。7.Thewindowhadbeenreplacedlastweekduringmaintenance.那窗在上星期的例行检修中已被换掉了。8.Thissuccesswillmetogreaterefforts.这次成功大大地鼓励了我下次更加努力。9.ThispaintingisaworkofRembrandt(伦勃朗).这幅画是一幅典型的伦勃朗作品。10.Maryisaveryinterestingpersonwhohasherinterpretationoflife.玛丽是一个非常有趣的人，她对生活有着独特的理解。【过关检测】AWillitmatterifyoudon'ttakeyourbreakfast?RecentlyatestwasgivenintheUnitedStates.Thosetestedincludedpeopleofdifferentages,from12to83.Duringtheexperiment,thesepeopleweregivenallkindsofbreakfast,andsometimestheygotnobreakfastatall.Specialtestsweresetuptoseehowwelltheirbodiesworkedwhentheyhadeatenacertainkindofbreakfast.Theresultsshowthatifapersoneatsaproperbreakfast,heorshewillworkwithbettereffortthanifheorshehasnobreakfast.Thisfactappearstobeespeciallytrueifapersonworkswithhisbrains.Ifastudenteatsfruit,eggs,breadandmilkbeforegoingtoschool,hewilllearnmorequicklyandlistenwithmoreattentioninclass.Contrarytowhatmanypeoplebelieve,peoplebecomesohungryatnoonthattheyeattoomuchforlunch,andendupgainingweightinsteadoflosing.Youwillprobablylosemoreweightifyoureduceothermeals.30.Thetitleofthepassageshouldbe________.A.theimportanceofbreakfastB.theresultofatestC.breakfastwillmakeyoucleverD.breakfastismoreimportantthanothermeals31.Duringthetest,thosewhoweretestedweregiven________.A.nobreakfastatall B.veryrichbreakfastC.littlefoodforbreakfast D.differentfoodsornone.32.Thepassagementionsthatmanypeoplebelievethatifyoudon'teatbreakfast,youwill________.A.loseweight B.notloseweightC.behealthier D.gainalotofweightBEveryoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laughanddosomanythingstogetherwith.Surely,therearetimeswhenweneedtobealone.Wedon'talwayswantpeoplearound.Butwewouldfeellonelyifweneverhadafriend.Notwopeoplearethesame.Sometimesfriendsdon'tgetalongwell.Thatdoesn'tmeanthattheynolongerlikeeachother.Mostofthetimetheywillgoonbeingfriends.Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thentheyfeelverysad.Wemissthemverymuch.Butwecancallthemandwritetothem.Maybewewouldneverseethemagain.Andwecanmakenewfriends.Itissurprisingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.Familiessometimesnametheirchildrenafteraclosefriend.Manyplacesarenamedaftermenandwomen,iftheyarefriendlytopeopleintown.Somelibrariesarenamedthisway.Soaresomeschools.Wethinkofthesepeoplewhenwegototheseplaces.There'smoregoodnewsforpeople,iftheyhavefriends.Thesepeoplelivelongerthanthosewhodon'thavefriends.Why?Itcouldbethattheyarehappier.Beinghappyhelpsyoustaywell.Oritcouldbejustknowingthatsomeonecaresaboutyou.Ifsomeonecaresaboutyou,youtakebettercareofyourself.33.Whichofthefollowingiswhatthewriterdoesn'tsayinthepassage?A.Peoplearehappywhentheirfriendsleavethem.BMaybepeoplewillneverseetheirfriendsaftertheirfriendsmoveaway.C.Peoplecanknowtheirfriendsindifferentways.D.Peopleliketheirfriendsverymuchiftheygettoknowthem.34.Whichofthefollowingisthemostprobableplacepeoplenameafterfriendlypeople?A.Ahouse B.Aroom.C.Avillage D.Alibrary35.Thispassagetellsus________.A.thatpeopleareallfriends B.thatpeopleneedfriendsC.howtogettoknowfriends D.howtonameaplaceCIcametostudyintheUnitedStatesayearago.YetIdidnotknowtherealAmericansocietyuntilIwasinjuredinacaraccidentbecauseaftertheaccidentIhadtoseeadoctorandgotocourt.Aftertheaccident.myroommatecalledadoctorforme.Iwasverygratefulanddeterminedtorepayhimoneday.Butthenextday,heaskedmetopayhim$200forwhathehaddone.Iwasastonished.Hehadgoodreasontochargeme,hesaid.AndifIwantedtocollectmoneyfromthepersonwhowasresponsibleformyinjury,I’dhavetohaveagoodlawyer.Andonlyagooddoctorcanhelpmegetagoodlawyer.Nowthathehadhelpedmefindagooddoctor,itwasonlyfairthatIshouldpayhim.ButeverydayIwenttoseethedoctor,Ihadtowaitabout50minutes.Hewouldseetwoorthreepatientsatthesametime,andoftenstoptreatingonesoastoseeanother.Yethechargedme$115eachtime.Thefinalexaminationreportconsistedoftenlines,anditcostme$215.Mylawyerwasallsmilesthefirsttimewemet.Butafterthatheavoidedseeingmeatall.Heknewverywelltheotherpartywasresponsiblefortheaccident,yethehardlydidanything.Hesimplywaitedtocollecthismoney.HewassoirresponsiblethatIdecidedtodismisshim.Andhemademepayhim$770.NowIhadtoactasmyownlawyer.Duetomyinexperience,ItoldtheinsurancecompanythedateIwasleavingAmerica.Knowingthat,theyplayedfortime…andIleftwithoutgettingacent.36.Theauthor’sroommateofferedtohelphimbecause________.A.hefeltsorryfortheauthorB.hethoughtitwasachancetomakesomemoneyC.heknewthedoctorwasaverygoodoneD.hewantedtheauthortohaveagoodlawyer37.Theword“charge”inthethirdparagraphmeans_________.A.beresponsible B.accuseC.askasaprice D.claim38.Boththedoctorandthelawyerinthispassagearevery__________.A.friendly B.selfishC.professional D.busyDJohnBlanchardwasstudyingthecrowdmakingtheirwaythroughthestation.Hewaslookingforthegirlwhoseheartheknew,butwhosefacehedidn’t,thegirlwiththerose.WhenreadingabookinaFloridalibraryayearbefore,Johnbecameinterestednotinthecontentsofthebook,butinthenotespenciledinthemargin.Thehandwritingreflectedathoughtfulsoulandbeautifulmind.Hediscoveredtheformerowner’snameinthefrontofthebook:MissHollisMaynell.Helocatedheraddressandwrotealetterintroducinghimself.Thenextdayhewasshippedoverseastoserveinthearmy.Duringthenextyear,theygrewtoknoweachotherthroughthemailandtheirfriendshipdeveloped.Johnrequestedaphotograph,butsherefused,sayingifhereallycared,itwouldn’tmatterwhatshelookedlike.Whenthedayfinallycameforhimtoreturnhome,theirfirstmeetingwassuggested—7:00p.m.attheGrandCentralStationinNewYork.Shewrote,“You’llrecognizemebytheredroseIwearonmycoat.”SonowJohnwasinthestationtomeetthegirlwitharose.Asaprettyandslimgirlingreencameover,Johnnoticedherblueeyeslikeflowersinspring.Hewalkeddirectlytowardsher,entirelyforgettingshewasnotwearingarose.AsJohncameclosertoher,hesawanotherwomanwitharedrosestoodnearby.Wellpast40,thiswomanhadgrayinghairdoneunderawornhat.Seeingthegirlingreenwalkquicklyaway,Johnfeltasifheweresplitintwo.Hedesiredtofollowthatgirl,butlongedforthewomanwhosespirithadtrulycompanionedandsupportedhim.Thewomanlookedgentleandsensible.Johnwenttoher,saying,“I’mCaptainJohnBlanchard.YoumustbeMissMaynell.Iamgladtomeetyouhere.MayItakeyoutodinner?”Sherepliedwithasmile,“Idon’tknowwhatthisisabout.Buttheladyingreenwhojustwentby,beggedmetowearthisroseonmycoat.Shesaidifyouaskedmeouttodinner,I’dtellyousheiswaitingforyouinthebigrestaurantacrossthestreet.Shesaiditwassomekindoftest!”39.Johnwaseagertoknowtheformerownerofthebookbecausehe______.A.wasveryinterestedinthecontentsofthebookB.wasimpressedbythenoteswrittenbyitsownerC.wantedtoimprovehishandwritingD.wantedtodiscussthebookwithher40.WhathappenedtoJohnaftergettingintouchwithMissHollisMaynell?A.Heservedinthearmyabroad.B.Hewentoverseasforvacation.C.HewentonabusinesstripinNewYork.D.HevisitedMissMaynell.41.Whatdoweknowaboutthewomanwitharose?A.ShewasMissMaynell’sclosefriend.B.Shewasawaitressinthebigrestaurant.C.Shewas