广东省深圳市龙岗区2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题

广东省深圳市龙岗区2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、第一部分阅读，第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读理解CallingAllScienceLoversPacSciisalwaysseekingexceptionallytalentedpeoplewhobelievedeeplyinourmissionandreflectourdiversecommunity.PacScioffersavarietyofjobopportunities,fromentry-levelpositionstomanagementroles,allwithopportunitiestolearn,andgrow.Isthisyou?·Intenselycuriousandmotivated·Passionforscienceandscienceeducation·Teamplayer·Service-orientedYoumightfindyourself·Interpretingexhibits·Runningplanetarium(天文馆)shows·RowingdownRiverMercerSloughwithsummercampers·TendingtothetropicaltreeleavesinourButterflyHouse·Managingdetailsforprivateeventsales·MakingthingsrunsmoothlybehindthescenesBenefitsandbonus·ExcitinglocationinSeattleCenter·Easyaccesstopublictransportation(taketheMonorailtowork!)·100%employerpaidmedical,dental,andvisionbenefitoptions·Approximately4weeksofpaidvacationplus12paidholidaysannually·Annualmembershipincludingunlimitedadmissionandothergreatbenefits·Regularopportunitiestolearn,grow,anddevelopnewskillsacrossdepartmentsandprojectsEachPacSciteammemberplaysavitalroleinfulfillingourmission:tostimulatecuriosityineverychildandfuelapassionfordiscovery,experimentation,andcriticalthinkinginallofus.Joinourteamtohelpexpandaccesstoscience,inthePacificNorthwestandbeyond!1．WhatisrequiredofaPacScimember?A．Priorexperience. B．Languageskills.C．Cooperativespirit. D．Academicbackground.2．WhichofthefollowingmaybeincludedinthejobresponsibilitiesatPacSci?A．Hostingtalentshows. B．Holdingscienceexhibitions.C．Plantingtropicaltrees. D．Accompanyingsummercampers.3．WhenworkingatPacSci,youcanhave____.A．unlimitedvacationdays B．self-improvementopportunitiesC．freepublictransportation D．discountedannualmembership阅读理解Afterthedeathofhernature-lovingmother,MargaretRenkltenderlyplacedinanantiquejarthe"softwhitehair"leftbehindinhermother'shairbrush.Yearspassed.Whenitnolongercarriedthescent(气味)shetreasured,Renkllaidthehairacrossatreebranchinheryard.Thisactwasmeantasadirectinvitationtothebirdsinheryard,anditwasaccepted:Abirdusedthehairforthenestitwasbuilding.Renkldevotesonlyahalftothisstory,butitconveysthebeautifulinteractionofhumanandotheranimallivesattheheartofTheComfortofCrows.Startinginwinterandcontinuingthroughtheseasonalround,Renklbringsalivein52chaptersherlovefortheanimalsandplantsinherhalf-acre(半英亩)yardinTennesseeandinnearbyparks.Equallymoving,sheadmitsherdesperationatthehuman-causedcrisisthenaturalworldfaces,andherdeterminationnottobackoff.Herdeterminationismorethanlipservice.Shecuresaneighborhoodfoxagainstaskindisease,withthehelpofatrap,abitofbacon,andadvicefromananimaldoctor;ensuresthatleavesfromthetreesinheryardarenotgatheredsothatinsectsoverwinterandhungrybirdscandinethere;fillsagardenwithmilkweedinsupportofmonarchbutterflies.Withthesesteps,Renklrefusestogiveupinthefaceofhuman-causedglobalwarmingthatischangingourenvironmentandharmingotherspecies.Inthesedaysofclimatecrisis,thephenomenonofecologicalanxietyisreal.Inordertoseizeopportunitiestohelp,manyofusdorequirefueltorestoreourspirits.FindthatfuelinRenkl'schaptersofTheComfortofCrows.TheanimalsandplantssocherishedbyRenklneedusnowmorethanever.4．WhatisthecentralthemeofRenkl'sTheComfortofCrows?A．Personalpreferencetowardscountrylife.B．Fondmemoriesofclosefamilymembers.C．Profounddisappointmentatclimatecrisis.D．Amazinginteractionsbetweenmanandnature.5．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Renkl'seffortsinprotectinganimals.B．Renkl'sserviceintheneighborhood.C．Renkl'sattemptstotreataninjuredfox.D．Renkl'sdeterminationtopreservetheyard.6．WhatisRenkl'sattitudetowardsglobalwarming?A．Indifferentyetrealistic.B．Concernedyetactive.CPessimisticyettolerant.D.Regretfulyethopeful.7．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroducethebeautyofrurallife.B．TopresentthedailyroutineofRenkl.C．Torecommendaninspirationalbook.D．Toprovideadviceonnatureprotection.阅读理解Imaginethatyou'vejustfinishedtakingamultiple-choicetest,andyoustarttosecond-guessoneofyouranswers.Youhavesomeextratime—shouldyousticktoyourfirstinstinct(直觉)orchangeit?Aboutthreequartersofstudentsareconvincedthatchangingtheiranswerswillhurttheirscores.Experienceindicatesthatmanywhochangeanswerschangetothewronganswer.Despitethelessonsofexperience,whatdoesevidencesay?Inareviewofthirty-threestudies,threepsychologistsfoundthatthemajorityofanswerchangeswerefromwrongtoright.Teachershavealsofoundthatstudents'finalexamshavefewerasermarks,butthosewhodorethinktheirfirstanswersratherthanstickingtothemendupimprovingtheirscores.Thisphenomenonisknownasthefirstinstinctfallacy(谬误).Wedon'tjusthesitatetorethinkouranswers.Wehesitateattheveryideaofrethinking.Takeanexperimentwherehundredsofcollegestudentslearnedaboutthefirstinstinctfallacyforexample.Researcherstaughtthemaboutthevalueofchangingtheirmindsandgavethemadviceonwhenitmakessensetodoso.Intheirnexttwotests,theywerestillunlikelytochangetheiranswers.Partoftheproblemiscognitive(认知的)laziness.Psychologistspointoutthatwefavorthecomfortoffirmly-heldbeliefsoverthediscomfortofdoubt.Questioningourselvesmakestheworldmoreunpredictable.Itrequiresustoadmitthatthefactsmayhavechanged,andthatwhatwasoncerightmaynowbewrong.We'veallheardaboutthepopularstorywhereafrogwouldimmediatelyescapeifdroppedintoboilinghotwater,butitwouldstayifthewaterwasgraduallyheated.However,itisn'ttrue.Thefrogwillescapeassoonasthewatergetsuncomfortablywarm.Itisjustoncewehearthestoryandacceptitastrue,werarelybothertoquestionit.So,it'snotsomuchchangingyouranswerthatimprovesyourscoreasconsideringwhetheryoushouldchangeit.8．Whatisacommonbeliefamongstudentswhentheytaketests?A．Changinganswersisarisk.B．Firstinstinctharmstheirscores.C．Reviewinganswersisamust.D．Second-guessingimprovestheirscores.9．Whatmightcollegestudentsbetaughtconcerningthefirstinstinctfallacy?A．Changingone'smindhurts.B．Firstinstinctshouldbeignored.C．Seekingothers'advicehelps.D．Firstanswerscanbechallenged.10．Whydoestheauthormentionthestoryofafrog?A．Toraisequestionsaboutthestory.B．Tostresstheimportanceofescaping.C．Toconveythefrog'slessonofsurvival.D．Toillustrateourresistancetoquestioning.11．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Rethinking:theArtofDoubtB．FirstInstinctisNottoBeTrustedC．Changing:FromRighttoWrongD．ChangingAnswersImprovesScores阅读理解Whenyoueagerlydigintoalong-awaiteddinner,it'straditionallybelievedthatsignalsfromyourstomachtoyourbrainstopyoueatingsomuch.However,aresearchteamrecentlydiscoveredthatit'soursenseoftastethatimmediatelypullsusbackfromeatingfoodoverlyonahungryday.Stimulatedbytheperceptionofflavor,asetofbraincellsbecomeactivetoquicklycurtailfoodintake.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatthefoodtastemaycontrolhowfastweeat,butit'sbeenimpossibletostudyrelevantbrainactivitiesduringeatingbecausebraincellsthatcontrolthisprocessarelocateddeepinourbrains,makingthemhardtoaccessorrecordinanawakeanimal.Newtechniquesdevelopedbytheteamallowedforthefirst-everimagingandrecordingofabrainstemstructurecriticalforfeelingfull,calledNTS,inanactivemouse.Thenewstudyfoundthatwhenresearchersputfooddirectlyintothemouse'sstomach,braincellscalledPRLHwereactivatedbysignalsfromthegut(消化道),inlinewithtraditionalthinking.However,whentheyallowedthemicetoeatthefoodastheynormallywould,thosesignalsfromthegutdidn'tshowup.Instead,thePRLHbraincellsswitchedtoanewactivitypatternthatwasentirelycontrolledbysignalsfromthemouth."It'sastonishingthatthesecellswereactivatedbytheperceptionoftaste,"saidresearchers."Itshowsthatthereareothercomponentsoftheappetite-controlsystemthatdeservesourattention."ThePRLH-activatedslowdownalsomakessenseintermsoftiming.ThetasteoffoodallowsPRLHtoswitchtheiractivityinseconds.Incontrast,anothergroupofbraincells,calledCGC,takesseveralminutestorespondtosignalsfromthegut.ThegoodthingisthatCGCcanholdbackhungerforamuchlongertime.Thesetwosetsofbraincellsinteracttoworktogether:oneusestastetoslowdowneating,whiletheothersignalsthatyouarefull.Understandinghowbodysignalsregulateappetitecouldimproveweight-lossprogramsfortheoverweightbymakinguseofinteractionsbetweensignalsfromdifferentbraincellsets.12．Whatdoestheunderlineword"curtail"inparagraph1probablymean?A．Activate. B．Limit. C．Expand. D．Assist.13．Whatisthelimitationofpreviousstudiesaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Inadequatetechnologies. B．Inefficientfunds.C．Unqualifiedprofessionals. D．Impropermethods.14．WhatdidthenewstudyfindaboutPRLHbraincellswhenthemicenormallyate?A．Theyhelpedstimulatethemice'sappetite.B．Theyencouragedthemicetospeedupeating.C．Theywereactivatedbysignalsfromthemouth.D．Theywerecontrolledbysignalsfromthestomach.15．WhatisthefunctionofCGCbraincells?A．Toslowdowneatingspeed.B．Toimprovethedigestionsystem.C．Toextendthefeelingoffullness.D．Tointeractwithsignalsfromtaste.二、第一部分阅读，第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Youknowthescene:Achildrunsdownstairsinpajamastounwrapherholidaypresentsandshedsjoyfultearsasshehugsanewpuppyrescuedfromashelter.Themusicbuildsup,heartsdoubleinsizeandfaithinhumanityisrestored.16．Beforetakingthatstep,thereareafewthingstoconsider.Firstistheelementofsurprise.Thetimingcouldbeasurprise,buttheanimalshouldabsolutelynotbeasurprise.Thedecisionshouldbebasedonmanyconversations.Everyoneinvolvedshouldunderstandthelongtermconsequences,childrenincluded.17．Next,you'llchoosewhethertoadoptfromashelterorrescue.18．Theyareacrossthecountryfloodedwithlovableanimals.Theyalsoofferphysicallocationswhereyoucanmeetalotofanimalsatonce.Ontheotherhand,rescuesaresmallerandfundedbydonations.Theyoftenrelyonfosterstohouseanimals.19．Applicationsandtheirprocessingtimesvaryandcanincludetaskslikeprovingthatyourlandlordallowspets.Checktoseeifapplyingonlineispossible.Ifyou'reapplyinginperson,makesureyouknowwhattobring.Ifyou'reworriedaboutthehugeresponsibilityofchoosingthepetforyourchild,youcanwrapaleash(牵引绳)orapetbagasthegift,andthentakethefuturepetownertotheshelter.20．Thisstepwillbemoremeaningfulandmemorablethanjusthavingananimalshowupatyourdoor.A.Now,youcanwelcomethelovelyonewithopenarms.B.Nothingismorebeautifulthanseeingyourchildsmile.C.Shelterstendtobelargerandquickertoprocessapplications.D.Whicheveryouchoose,applyandbecomeapprovedasanadopterfirst.E.Whileitissweet,givingalivingcreatureasagiftisn'talightdecision.F.Involvingyourchildintheselectionprocessaddstothewholeexperience.G.Responsibilitiescanbeassignedtothemevenbeforetheirnewpetarrives.三、第三部分语言运用，第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。CitywalkgainspopularityamongyoungChinese.Differentfromthefast-paced"specialforcesstyle"(特种部队式)tourism,citywalkis21．andnotverypurposeful.Toacertainextent,"specialforcesstyle"tourismisjusta(n)22．ofregulartravel,whereyoungpeoplespend24hoursinacitywiththesametravelguidesandcheck-inlist.Bycomparison,citywalkallowspeopletoexploreacity23．withoutdeliberatelyjoiningthe24．atpopulartouristspotsorwaitingin25．linesoutsidepopularrestaurantsforhours.People26．thepastandpresentofacityasalocalresident.Afterall,timeisnot27．andtheneedfortravelisnotsopressinganymore.While"specialforcesstyle"tourists28．fastpaceandpurposefulness,citywalkersarecompletelyslowandfree.Whatreallymattersis29．wandering.Peopleexpectthatatripfreesthemselvesfromhigh30．andrepetitivedailylife.Sincesuchwordsasleisure,31．andpurposelessnessareassociatedwithcitywalk,itseemsnotdifficulttounderstandwhyyoungpeopleare32．aboutit.Whenwewerechildreninschool,45minutesofclasswaswortha10minute33．.Aswehave34．andstartedworkinghard,wealwayswantto35．freedominlifeduringfreetime.Citywalkisapathwherewecanfreelychoose,plan,andexplore.21．A．costly B．leisurely C．brief D．normal22．A．innovation B．lesson C．repetition D．secret23．A．eagerly B．rapidly C．freely D．precisely24．A．sellers B．crowds C．audiences D．hosts25．A．quiet B．straight C．formal D．long26．A．discover B．develop C．remember D．determine27．A．abundant B．unique C．precious D．urgent28．A．ignore B．understand C．emphasize D．explain29．A．aimless B．occasional C．individual D．meaningless30．A．reputation B．tension C．expectation D．recognition31．A．creativity B．efficiency C．speed D．relaxation32．A．anxious B．particular C．enthusiastic D．cautious33．A．break B．leave C．discussion D．exercise34．A．stoodup B．grownup C．teamedup D．shownup35．A．escape B．spread C．restrict D．pursue四、第三部分语言运用，第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It'saraceagainsttime.GenerationsofculturalheritageconservatorsattheDunhuangAcademyworkedhard36．(preserve)theartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,despiteerosion(侵蚀)bysandandwind.Overthepastthreedecades,theteammembers37．(restore)the45,000squaremetersofmurals(壁画)andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite,theconstructionof38．lastsforaboutathousandyears"Ourwork,repairingmuralsandpaintedsculptures,39．(be)topromotethegreatDunhuangspiritofinclusivenesstotheworldandinspiresmodernpeople,"saysSuBomin,directoroftheDunhuangAcademy.Therestorersshouldrespecttheoriginalworkwhile40．(repair)it.Whentheyfindsomepartsofmuralsmissingorfadingaway,theyneverrepaintthemtocreate41．"perfect"appearanceinrestoration"Culturalrelicsare42．(witness)ofhistory,"explainsSu"Whenyouseekthesocalledperfectlook43．artisticreasons,youwilllosetheirkeymeaning."Caveconservationisaboutsolvingproblems44．(continuous)Itisalongtermprocess,overamuch45．(wide)timespanthatgoesbeyondourlifetimes.Butatleast,theycankeepthecurrentlookofthemuralsforaslongaspossible.五、第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)46．第一节假如你是李华，学校计划每周利用一节体育课为学生开设烹饪等与生活技能相关的课程，校英文报正在征求学生意见。请给该报投稿，内容包括：1.表达观点；2.陈述理由；3.提出建议。注意：1.词数80左右；2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearEditor,I'mLiHua,astudentfromClass9.YoursLiHua六、第四部分写作第二节(满分25分)47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasaSaturday.Whetheritwassunnyorcloudy,hotorcold,Icannotremember,butIdorememberitwasaSaturdaybecausethemallwasfullofpeople.Iwaswithmymom.Itiseasytomissherinacrowdsimplybecausesheissoordinary.Onthatdaywewalkedcasually,takingquicklooksatthestorewindowsbecausewebothknewwewouldn'tbebuyingmuch,likealways.IrememberIwaslookingupatthepeoplepassingby—atfirstuninterestedly,butthenmorecarefully.Ladiesworebrightandelegantclothing.Theyhadnowrinkles(皱纹)ontheirfaces——wipedawaywithexpensivecreams.Anuneasyfeelingstartedtosettleinmychest.Itriedtopushitout,butfailed.ItgotmoreunbearablewitheveryseconduntilIcoulddenyitnolonger:Iwasashamedofmymother.Wewereinahigh-classneighborhood,livinginasmall,expensiveapartmentbuildingthatMomchosetomovetobecausesheknewtheschoolsweregood.Wewereinahigh-classneighborhood,butasIobservedthepassers-byandthenturnedmyeyesonMom,Irealizedforthefirsttimethatwedidn'tbelongthere.IcouldseethewrinklesaroundMom'seyesandmouth,becauseshedidn'tuseanycreams.Shedressedincheap,worn-outclothes.Hereyesweretiredfromworkinglonghourstomakealivingandherhairtoogreyforherage.Ilookedather,feelingashamed.Mymomisnothingextraordinary,yetatthatmomentshestoodoutbecauseshewasjustsoplain.Tellinghertowaitformearoundthecorner,Ihurriedawaytothebathroomanddidn'twanttobeseenwithher.Onthewaytothebathroom,myeyescouldn'thelpfallingonbeautifuldresses.Eachdressseemedlikeaworkofartwithdelicatepatterns.However,myheartsankasIknewtheywerefarbeyondmyreach,furtherreducingmydesiretoreturn.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。WhenIfinallywentbackunwillingly,IfoundthatMomwasn'tthere.Momstoodinafancystore,holdingagirl'sdressthatlookedmuchtooexpensive.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．D3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是一则关于PacSci公司的招聘广告，主要介绍了公司提供的各种工作机会和福利，以及公司对员工的期望和要求。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一则招聘广告，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据Isthisyou?部分中的"Teamplayer"团队精神，可知，拥有团队合作精神是成为PacSci会员需要具备的条件。故选C。2．考查细节理解。根据Youmightfindyourself部分中的"RowingdownRiverMercerSloughwithsummercampers"与夏令营者一起划船沿着默瑟斯劳河而下。可知，陪同夏令营者是在PacSci的工作中可能需要承担的职责。故选D。3．考查推理判断。根据Benefitsandbonus部分中的"Regularopportunitiestolearn,grow,anddevelopnewskillsacross"定期有机会跨部门和跨项目学习、成长和发展新技能。可知，在PacSci工作时可以有自我提升的机会。故选B。【答案】4．D5．A6．B7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了MargaretRenkl写的《乌鸦的安慰》一书，传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文学类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．考查细节理解。根据第二段"Renkldevotesonlyahalftothisstory,butitconveysthebeautifulinteractionofhumanandotheranimallivesattheheartofTheComfortofCrows."Renkl只用了半页纸来讲述这个故事，但它传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动，这是《乌鸦的安慰》的核心。可知，Renkl的theComfortofCrows的中心主题是人与自然的惊人互动。故选D。5．考查段落大意。根据第三段"Herdeterminationismorethanlipservice.Shecuresaneighborhoodfoxagainstaskindisease,withthehelpofatrap,abitofbacon,andadvicefromananimaldoctor;ensuresthatleavesfromthetreesinheryardarenotgatheredsothatinsectsoverwinterandhungrybirdscandinethere;fillsagardenwithmilkweedinsupportofmonarchbutterflies."她的决心不只是说说而已。她用一个陷阱、一点熏肉和一位动物医生的建议，治好了邻居家一只狐狸的皮肤病；确保她院子里的树叶不会被收集起来，这样越冬的昆虫和饥饿的鸟儿就可以在那里吃饭了;在花园里种满马利筋，以支持帝王蝶。可知，第三段的主要内容是Renkl在保护动物方面的努力。故选A。6．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Withthesesteps,Renklrefusestogiveupinthefaceofhuman-causedglobalwarmingthatischangingourenvironmentandharmingotherspecies.Inthesedaysofclimatecrisis,thephenomenonofecologicalanxietyisreal.Inordertoseizeopportunitiestohelp,manyofusdorequirefueltorestoreourspirits.FindthatfuelinRenkl'schaptersofTheComfortofCrows.TheanimalsandplantssocherishedbyRenklneedusnowmorethanever."面对人类造成的全球变暖正在改变我们的环境并伤害其他物种，Renkl拒绝放弃这些步骤。在气候危机的今天，生态焦虑的现象是真实的。为了抓住机会提供帮助，我们中的许多人确实需要动力来恢复我们的精神。在Renkl的《乌鸦的安慰》章节中找到动力。Renkl珍惜的动物和植物现在比以往任何时候都更需要我们。可推知，Renkl对全球变暖的态度是担忧的，但是Renkl也指出应该找到动力来保护动植物，体现了积极的一面。故选B。7．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Renkldevotesonlyahalftothisstory,butitconveysthebeautifulinteractionofhumanandotheranimallivesattheheartofTheComfortofCrows."Renkl只用了半页纸来讲述这个故事，但它传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动，这是《乌鸦的安慰》的核心；结合文章主要介绍了MargaretRenkl写的《乌鸦的安慰》一书，传达了人类和其他动物生活的美好互动。可推知，这篇文章的目的是推荐一本励志书。故选C。【答案】8．A9．D10．D11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究发现，尽管许多人认为改变答案会降低分数，但研究表明，重新思考答案往往能提高成绩。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Imaginethatyou'vejustfinishedtakingamultiple-choicetest,andyoustarttosecond-guessoneofyouranswers.Youhavesomeextratime—shouldyousticktoyourfirstinstinct(直觉)orchangeit?Aboutthreequartersofstudentsareconvincedthatchangingtheiranswerswillhurttheirscores.Experienceindicatesthatmanywhochangeanswerschangetothewronganswer."想象一下，你刚刚完成了一次多项选择题测试，你开始猜测其中一个答案。你有一些额外的时间——你应该坚持你的第一直觉还是改变它？大约四分之三的学生相信改变答案会影响他们的分数。经验表明，许多改变答案的人得到的是错误的答案。可知，当学生参加考试时，大多数学生都认为改变答案会影响他们的分数，而且许多改变答案的人得到的是错误的答案。可推测，学生认为改变答案是有风险的。故选A。9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Teachershavealsofoundthatstudents'finalexamshavefewerasermarks,butthosewhodorethinktheirfirstanswersratherthanstickingtothemendupimprovingtheirscores.Thisphenomenonisknownasthefirstinstinctfallacy(谬误)."老师们还发现，学生的期末考试很少有橡皮擦标记，但那些重新思考自己的第一个答案而不是坚持的学生最终会提高他们的分数。这种现象被称为第一本能谬论。可知，重新思考自己的第一个答案而不是坚持的学生最终会提高他们的分数，也就是说第一个答案未必就是正确的，是可以质疑的。故选D。10．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Thefrogwillescapeassoonasthewatergetsuncomfortablywarm.Itisjustoncewehearthestoryandacceptitastrue,werarelybothertoquestionit."一旦水变暖，青蛙就会逃跑。只是一旦我们听到这个故事并接受它是真的，我们就很少费心去质疑它。可知，作者提到青蛙的故事是为了说明我们从心理上就抵抗质疑。故选D。11．考查标题归纳。根据第三段中的"Wedon'tjusthesitatetorethinkouranswers.Wehesitateattheveryideaofrethinking."我们在重新思考答案时不会犹豫。我们对重新思考的想法犹豫不决；以及第四段"Partoftheproblemiscognitive(认知的)laziness.Psychologistspointoutthatwefavorthecomfortoffirmly-heldbeliefsoverthediscomfortofdoubt.Questioningourselvesmakestheworldmoreunpredictable.Itrequiresustoadmitthatthefactsmayhavechanged,andthatwhatwasoncerightmaynowbewrong."部分问题在于认知上的懒惰。心理学家指出，我们更喜欢坚定信念带来的舒适感，而不是怀疑带来的不适。质疑自己会让世界变得更加不可预测。它要求我们承认事实可能已经改变，曾经正确的东西现在可能是错误的。可知，文章主要讲述的是重新思考是有意义的，"反思:怀疑的艺术"适合作为本文标题。故选A。【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项研究发现，该研究表明，脑细胞PRLH在接收到来自口腔的信号时会迅速改变其活动模式，而另一组脑细胞CGC则需要几分钟才能对来自肠道的信号作出反应。这两种脑细胞相互作用，共同调节食欲。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"aresearchteamrecentlydiscoveredthatit'soursenseoftastethatimmediatelypullsusbackfromeatingfoodoverlyonahungryday."一个研究小组最近发现，在饥饿的日子里，我们的味觉会立即把我们从过度进食中拉回来。可知，味觉可以阻止我们过度进食。可推测，划线词curtail的意思是"限制"。故选B。13．考查推理判断。根据第二段"Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatthefoodtastemaycontrolhowfastweeat,butit'sbeenimpossibletostudyrelevantbrainactivitiesduringeatingbecausebraincellsthatcontrolthisprocessarelocateddeepinourbrains,makingthemhardtoaccessorrecordinanawakeanimal.Newtechniquesdevelopedbytheteamallowedforthefirst-everimagingandrecordingofabrainstemstructurecriticalforfeelingfull,calledNTS,inanactivemouse."之前的研究表明，食物的味道可能会控制我们吃东西的速度，但研究进食过程中相关的大脑活动是不可能的，因为控制这一过程的脑细胞位于我们大脑的深处，很难在清醒的动物身上获得或记录它们。研究小组开发的新技术首次对活动小鼠的脑干结构NTS进行了成像和记录，该结构对饱腹感至关重要。可推测，以前的研究的局限性是因为技术不足。故选A。14．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"However,whentheyallowedthemicetoeatthefoodastheynormallywould,thosesignalsfromthegutdidn'tshowup.Instead,thePRLHbraincellsswitchedtoanewactivitypatternthatwasentirelycontrolledbysignalsfromthemouth.‘It'sastonishingthatthesecellswereactivatedbytheperceptionoftaste,'saidresearchers.‘Itshowsthatthereareothercomponentsoftheappetite-controlsystemthatdeservesourattention.'"然而，当他们让老鼠像往常一样吃这些食物时，这些来自肠道的信号就没有出现。相反，PRLH脑细胞切换到一种完全由口腔信号控制的新活动模式。研究人员说："令人惊讶的是，这些细胞被味觉激活了。""这表明食欲控制系统中还有其他组成部分值得我们关注。"可知，当老鼠正常进食时，PRLH脑细胞切换到一种完全由口腔信号控制的新活动模式，也就是说这些细胞被味觉激活了。故选C。15．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"ThegoodthingisthatCGCcanholdbackhungerforamuchlongertime."好消息是，CGC可以在更长的时间内抑制饥饿。可知，CGC脑细胞可以长时间抑制饥饿，也就是可以延长饱腹感。故选C。【答案】16．E；17．G；18．C；19．D；20．F【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了在收养宠物的时候我们需要考虑的几件事。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Youknowthescene:Achildrunsdownstairsinpajamastounwrapherholidaypresentsandshedsjoyfultearsasshehugsanewpuppyrescuedfromashelter.Themusicbuildsup,heartsdoubleinsizeandfaithinhumanityisrestored."你一定见过这样的场景：一个孩子穿着睡衣跑下楼打开节日礼物的包装，抱着一只从收容所救出来的小狗，流下了快乐的眼泪。音乐响起，人心倍增，对人性的信心得以恢复。可知，上文描述了收养一只小狗的美好场景。E.Whileitissweet,givingalivingcreatureasagiftisn'talightdecision."虽然这很甜蜜，但送一个生物作为礼物并不是一个轻松的决定。"承接上文，指出这一场景非常的甜蜜，同时引出下文指出收养小狗并不轻松。故选E。17．根据空前"Thetimingcouldbeasurprise,buttheanimalshouldabsolutelynotbeasurprise.Thedecisionshouldbebasedonmanyconversations.Everyoneinvolvedshouldunderstandthelongtermconsequences,childrenincluded."时机可能会让人感到意外，但动物绝对不应该让人感到意外。这个决定应该建立在多次谈话的基础上。包括儿童在内的所有相关人员都应该了解长期后果。可知，在领养动物前，家庭成员都应该了解领养动物的责任所在。G.Responsibilitiescanbeassignedtothemevenbeforetheirnewpetarrives."甚至在他们的新宠物到来之前，责任就已经分配给他们了。"承接上文，指的是在动物到家之前，每个人都已经了解了自己的责任。故选G。18．根据空前"Next,you'llchoosewhethertoadoptfromashelterorrescue."接下来，你要选择从收容所收养还是从救援机构收养。可知，我们需要确定收容所收养还是从救援机构收养；以及空后"Ontheotherhand,rescuesaresmallerandfundedbydonations.Theyoftenrelyonfosterstohouseanimals."另一方面，救援机构规模较小，资金来自捐赠。他们经常依靠饲养员来饲养动物。介绍的是救援机构的动物。可知，空处指的是收容所的情况。C.Shelterstendtobelargerandquickertoprocessapplications."收容所往往更大，处理申请的速度也更快。"与上下文内容相符。故选C。19．根据空后"Applicationsandtheirprocessingtimesvaryandcanincludetaskslikeprovingthatyourlandlordallowspets.Checktoseeifapplyingonlineispossible.Ifyou'reapplyinginperson,makesureyouknowwhattobring."申请及其处理时间各不相同，可能包括证明房东允许养宠物之类的任务。检查一下是否可以在网上申请。如果你是亲自申请，确保你知道要带什么。可知，本段主要讲述的是我们要申请成为收养人。D.Whicheveryouchoose,applyandbecomeapprovedasanadopterfirst."无论你选择哪一种，首先申请并被批准为收养人。"与下文内容相一致，指的是我们应该申请成为收养人。故选D。20．根据空前"Ifyou'reworriedaboutthehugeresponsibilityofchoosingthepetforyourchild,youcanwrapaleash(牵引绳)orapetbagasthegift,andthentakethefuturepetownertotheshelter."如果你担心为孩子选择宠物的责任巨大，你可以用牵引绳或宠物袋作为礼物，然后带未来的宠物主人去收容所。可知，作者建议可以让孩子参与收养动物的过程。F.Involvingyourchildintheselectionprocessaddstothewholeexperience."让你的孩子参与到选择过程中会增加整个体验。"与上文内容相符，指的是让孩子参与收养动物的过程。故选F。【答案】21．B；22．C；23．C；24．B；25．D；26．A；27．D；28．C；29．A；30．B；31．D；32．C；33．A；34．B；35．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了城市漫步在年轻中国人中越来越流行的现象，并将其与"特种兵式"旅游进行了对比。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。21．句意：与快节奏的"特种兵式"旅游不同，城市漫步是悠闲的，不太有目的性。A.costly"昂贵的"；B.leisurely"悠闲的"