考点20 完形填空技巧-新高考英语一轮总复习（上海专用）（解析版）VIP

④在文章中，并列关系词前后如果出题，利用已知关系解题。4、找同现复现原则Liumeiisamongthe__22__ones.TheChineseUniversityofHongKonggranted(答应给）LiuafullscholarshipHK$500,000.Notallstudentsaresofortunate.22.A.poorB.smartC.luckyD.silentFriendshipisoneofthepermanentthemesintheliteratureofalllanguage.…Someofuslike__2__friendswhileotherslikedifferentfriends.PersonallyIpreferboth.Havingsimilarfriendshasmanyadvantages.…2.A.trueB.rightC.sameD.similar4、根据逻辑推理解题…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange___quitepleasanttaste.

A.besidesB.butC.andD.or5、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.36(Owning)springsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe37areaslikethedesert.

A．dry

B．distant

C．deserted

D．wild6、从语法角度来解题Iwentintoacaféandaskedforacoffee.

21

Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensed

22(loneliness).A．Before

B．Since

C．Although

D．WhileHaveyouevershoutedatateacher,toldsomeoneyouwerelonely,orsaidyouwereinlove,andthen23lateryouhadkeptyourmouthshut?23.A.wishedB.hopedC.blamedD.shared解题思路：利用语法分析解题，选项中的动词都是过去式，其后句宾语从句hadkept是过去完成时，故判断是虚拟。7、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题1)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming__1_.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.1.A.afterallB.inallC.atallD.forall8、从词语辨析的角度来解题When,twoweekslater,I38thissameboy,IwasmoreawareofmypositioninNigeriansociety.Ishould9(enjoy)thiscountryasthesonofaminister.A.ranafter B.ranintoC.ranover D.ranto9、同义近义复现来解题Ibelievethatamixtureoffriendsisequallyadvantageous.Onecan___7___fromvarioussortsoffriendsinthreeaspects.First,frequentcontactswithdifferentfriendsbroadenmyworldoutlooks.Justasvariouskindsofnutrimentskeepyouhealthy,makinga__8__offriendskeepyoulively.…Secondly,Ihavefoundthatdifferentfriendscannotonlyleadtonewadventuresbutalsoshowmenewavenuestosuccessinlife.…7.A.obtainB.benefitC.sufferD.earn8.A.rangeB.seriesC.quantityD.Variety当堂知识检测（2023·上海松江·统考二模）Aninterestingstudyfoundcapuchinmonkeys(僧帽猴),likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Trypayingonemonkeywithgrapesandanotherwithcucumbersforthe1amountofworkandyoumaybesurprisedattheresults!Themonkeywhogotthecucumberswillprobably2workingforyou.Hemayeventhrowoutthecucumbers,eventhoughmonkeysareusually3toreceivethem,saysSarahBrosnan,apsychologyprofessoratGeorgiaStateUniversity.ThatexperimentbyBrosnanandFransdeWallpublishedin2003inNaturewasoneofthefirsttoshowthatanimalsmayhaveanassessmentfor4—amoralsensethatmanyresearcherspreviouslythoughtonlyhumanspossessed.Sincethen,manyresultshavesuggestedthatanimals—particularlythosethatdependon5fortheirsurvivalmayhaveaninbornsenseofjustice.Socialanimals,whichareinterdependentforaliving,will6sharerewardswithotherswhoworkedtowardthesamegoal.“Thebuilt-insensedidn’tdevelopfirstinhumans.It’spossiblysomethingthatbeganinsocialspecies,and7tous.”Brosnansaidinaninterview.Onestudy8thatsomeanimalsparticularlytheonesthathunttogetherdivideuptherewards.Anotherstudyevenfindsthatanimalswilloccasionallydeliverabetterrewardtoapartnerthantheythemselves9.InresearchbyBrosnanandhercolleaguespublishedinAmericanJournalofPrimatology,twocapuchinmonkeyshadtoworktogethertopullaplateoffoodtotheircages.Butbeforetheybeganpulling,themonkeyshadtodecidewhichonewouldgetagrapeandwhichonewouldgetanappleslice.10fightingoverthegrapeoralwayslettingtheleadingmonkeyeatit,theanimalsgenerallyvaryrolesontheway,sotheybothearnedsomegrapesandsomeappleslices,Brosnanfound.Incaseswherethe11monkeyalwaysgotthegoodfood,theothermonkeywerelikelytogiveupparticipating.Moreoftenthannot,itpreferredto12arewardthanbepaidunfairly.AccordingtoBrosnan,thattendencytosharerewardsfairlyprobablydevelopedasaresultofthewaycapuchinsworktogethertohunt.“IfwearehuntingandIamnotgivingyoumuchofthekill,youwouldbebetterofffindinganother13,”shesays.However,interpretinganimalbehaviorthroughhumaneyescanbe14,observesMarcHauser,aHarvardpsychologyprofessorandevolutionarybiologist.Inthecucumber-grapestudy,forexample,themonkeyscouldhave15thecucumberssimplybecausetheywereannoyedthattheydidn’tgetagrapeoncetheysawit.1．A．various B．enormous C．equal D．superb2．A．risk B．restart C．quit D．fancy3．A．mature B．content C．passive D．shocked4．A．stability B．reputation C．endurance D．fairness5．A．necessities B．rewards C．emotion D．cooperation6．A．naturally B．barely C．surprisingly D．occasionally7．A．evolved B．communicated C．delivered D．referred8．A．denies B．predicts C．indicates D．suspects9．A．discover B．receive C．expect D．present10．A．Insteadof B．Thanksto C．Regardlessof D．Priorto11．A．diligent B．dominant C．generous D．outgoing12．A．save B．admire C．share D．refuse13．A．partner B．role C．hunt D．task14．A．critical B．pessimistic C．problematic D．marvellous15．A．setaside B．thrownaway C．heldonto D．aimedat【答案】1．C2．C3．B4．D5．D6．A7．A8．C9．B10．A11．B12．D13．A14．C15．B【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是研究结果表明，动物，尤其是那些依靠合作生存的动物，可能天生就有正义感，所以依靠合作生存的动物自然而然就会与为同一目标而努力的其他动物分享奖励，同时也会因为分配不公平拒绝合作。1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试着给一只猴子吃葡萄，给另一只猴子吃黄瓜，做同样的工作，你可能会对结果感到惊讶!A.various各种各样的；B.enormous巨大的；C.equal相等的；胜任的；平等的；D.superb极佳的。根据空后“amountofworkandyoumaybesurprisedattheresults!”以及后文“Socialanimals,whichareinterdependentforaliving,will___6___sharerewardswithotherswhoworkedtowardthesamegoal.”可知两只猴子吃的东西不同但却要作同样的工作。故选C项。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：得到黄瓜的猴子可能会不再为你工作。A.risk冒险；B.restart重启；C.quit停止；戒掉；D.fancy喜欢。根据后文“Hemayeventhrowoutthecucumbers,eventhoughmonkeysareusually___3___toreceivethem,”可知分到黄瓜的猴子会通过扔掉黄瓜的方式来拒绝同等量的工作。故选C项。3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乔治亚州立大学心理学教授SarahBrosnan说，它甚至可能会把黄瓜扔掉，尽管猴子通常很乐意接受它们。A.mature成熟的；B.content满意的；C.passive被动的；消极的；D.shocked震惊的；吃惊的。根据前文“Themonkeywhogotthecucumberswillprobably___2___workingforyou.Hemayeventhrowoutthecucumbers,eventhoughmonkeysareusually”可知为了表示对不公平对待的不满，得到黄瓜的猴子会扔掉黄瓜，由句中的eventhough“尽管”可知前后语意是转折关系，所以可以推断猴子平时是喜欢黄瓜的，通常很乐意接受它们。故选B项。4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：BrosnanandFransdeWall于2003年在《自然》杂志上发表的实验是最早证明动物可能具有公平评估能力的实验之一——许多研究人员以前认为只有人类拥有这种道德感。A.stability稳定性；稳固性；B.reputation名声；名著；C.endurance持久力；忍耐力；D.fairness公平；公正。根据后文“Sincethen,manyresultshavesuggestedthatanimals—particularlythosethatdependon___5___fortheirsurvivalmayhaveaninbornsenseofjustice.”以及后文“AccordingtoBrosnan,thattendencytosharerewardsfairlyprobablydevelopedasaresultofthewaycapuchinsworktogethertohunt.”可知要求公平分享奖励证明动物可能具有公平评估的能力。故选D项。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，许多研究结果表明，动物，尤其是那些依靠合作生存的动物，可能天生就有正义感。A.necessities必需品；B.rewards奖赏；C.emotion情绪；情感；D.cooperation合作。根据后文“Socialanimals,whichareinterdependentforaliving,will___6___sharerewardswithotherswhoworkedtowardthesamegoal.”以及后文“Onestudy___8___thatsomeanimalsparticularlytheonesthathunttogetherdivideuptherewards.”可推测能够分享奖励的动物往往都是一些依靠合作才能生存的动物。故选D项。6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：群居动物以相互依赖为生，它们自然会与为同一目标而努力的其他动物分享奖励。A.naturally自然地；天然地；B.barely几乎不；勉强才能；C.surprisingly惊人地；出人意料地；D.occasionally偶尔；偶然。根据前文“Sincethen,manyresultshavesuggestedthatanimals—particularlythosethatdependon___5___fortheirsurvivalmayhaveaninbornsenseofjustice.”可知许多研究结果表明，动物，尤其是那些依靠合作生存的动物，可能天生就有正义感，所以可以推测依靠合作生存的动物自然而然就会与为同一目标而努力的其他动物分享奖励。故选A项。7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能起源于群居物种，并进化到我们人类。”Brosnan在接受采访时说。A.evolved进化；演变；B.communicated交流；传达；C.delivered递送；D.referred参考；谈及。根据上文“Thebuilt-insensedidn’tdevelopfirstinhumans.It’spossiblysomethingthatbeganinsocialspecies,”可知这种天生的正义感最初并没有出现在人类身上，而是后来逐渐进化到人类的。故选A项。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项研究表明，一些动物，尤其是那些一起狩猎的动物，会把奖励分给别人。A.denies否认；B.predicts预言；C.indicates表明；显示；D.suspects怀疑。根据后文“thatsomeanimalsparticularlytheonesthathunttogetherdivideuptherewards.Anotherstudyevenfindsthatanimalswilloccasionallydeliverabetterrewardtoapartnerthantheythemselves___9___.”可知研究表明那些一起狩猎的动物会把奖励分给与之合作的动物。故选C项。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一项研究甚至发现，动物偶尔会给伙伴比它们自己得到的更好的奖励。A.discover发现；B.receive收到；接待；C.expect期盼；盼望；D.present颁发；赠送。根据前文“Onestudy___8___thatsomeanimalsparticularlytheonesthathunttogetherdivideuptherewards.Anotherstudyevenfindsthatanimalswilloccasionallydeliverabetterrewardtoapartnerthantheythemselves”可知彼此合作的动物会分给合作伙伴比自己得到的要好的奖励。故选B项。10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：Brosnan发现，猴子们不会为了争夺葡萄而打架，也不会总是让领头的猴子吃掉葡萄，而是在路上扮演不同的角色，所以它们都能得到一些葡萄和苹果片。A.Insteadof代替；而不是；B.Thanksto幸亏；多亏；C.Regardlessof不管不顾；D.Priorto优先；在……之前。根据后文“fightingoverthegrapeoralwayslettingtheleadingmonkeyeatit,theanimalsgenerallyvaryrolesontheway,sotheybothearnedsomegrapesandsomeappleslices,Brosnanfound.”可知猴子们为了都能得到一些好的食物会在路上扮演不同的角色，而不是为了得到好的食物而打架。故选A项。11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在占优势的猴子总是得到好食物的情况下，另一只猴子可能会放弃参与。A.diligent勤奋的；B.dominant占优势地位的；C.generous慷慨的；大方的；D.outgoing外向的。根据前文“___10___fightingoverthegrapeoralwayslettingtheleadingmonkeyeatit,”可知合在占优势的猴子总是得到好食物的情况下，另一只猴子可能会放弃参与。故选B项。12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，它拒绝分享奖励，而不是接受不公平的奖励。A.save救助；节省；B.admire钦佩；仰慕；C.share分享；D.refuse拒绝；不接受。根据前文“Incaseswherethe___11___monkeyalwaysgotthegoodfood,theothermonkeywerelikelytogiveupparticipating.”可知如果分配不公正的话合作关系中的另一只猴子宁肯放弃合作，即拒绝通过合作得到不公平报酬。故选D项。13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“如果我们在打猎，而我没有给你很多猎物，你最好另找一个伙伴。”A.partner伙伴；B.role角色；C.hunt寻找；狩猎；D.task任务。根据前文“Anotherstudyevenfindsthatanimalswilloccasionallydeliverabetterrewardtoapartnerthantheythemselves___9___.”可知共同合作打猎的双方是彼此的合作伙伴。故选A项。14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，哈佛大学心理学教授、进化生物学家MarcHauser认为，通过人类的眼睛来解释动物行为可能存在问题。A.critical批判的；极其重要的；B.pessimistic悲观的；C.problematic有困难的；成问题的；D.marvellous极好的；令人惊奇的。根据后文“Inthecucumber-grapestudy,forexample,themonkeyscouldhave___15___thecucumberssimplybecausetheywereannoyedthattheydidn’tgetagrapeoncetheysawit.”可知哈佛大学心理学教授、进化生物学家MarcHauserda认为猴子扔黄瓜的原因并不是因为合作中的分配不公平，所以可以推测通过人类的眼睛来解释动物行为可能是有问题的。故选C项。15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，在黄瓜—葡萄的研究中，猴子可能只是因为看到了葡萄却没有得到而生气，就把黄瓜扔掉了。A.setaside留出；B.thrownaway扔掉；C.heldonto紧紧抓住；D.aimedat针对；目的在于。根据上文“Hemayeventhrowoutthecucumbers,”可知在黄瓜—葡萄的研究中，猴子扔掉了黄瓜。故选B项。（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）Hassomeoneevertoldyousomethingthatmadeyoudoubtyourownmemoryorjudgment?Ifso,youmaybea16ofgaslighting.“Gaslighting”isakindofpsychologicalabusetogain17overothersbypurposelymakingotherpeoplethinkthey’rewrongevenwhenthey’reright.ThetermcomesfromPatrickHamilton’splayin1938.LeadcharacterJackManninghamseekstoconvincehiswifeBellathatsheis18,bysayingsheisimaginingthedimming(变暗)ofthegaslightintheirhome,whenitwasactuallyhewholoweredthebrightnessofthelight.Gaslightingisinitiallyusedtotalkaboutwhathappensinromanticrelationships.However,manyindividualsalsoexperiencegaslightingatwork.19,arecentsurveyhasfoundthat58%oftherespondentssaidtheyhaveexperiencedgaslightingatwork.It’s20sincegaslightingusuallyinvolvesapowerrelationshipandaneedtocontrolothers.Intheworkplace,the21betweenabossandhisemployeecanbetheperfectbreeding(滋生的)groundforthistypeofbehavior.Yourbossmighttellyoutohandleanassignmentinacertainway,butwhenyoudo,hegets22andsaysitwasn’twhathewanted.Itmakesyoufeellikeyourmemoryis23.Inothersituations,yourbossmayexcludeyoufromameeting24andwhenyouaskhimaboutit,hemightaccuseyouofbeingtoosensitiveinsteadofansweringyourquestiondirectly.Inordertofindoutwhetheryourboss’sbehaviorreally25gaslightingorheisjustapoorcommunicator,youcouldwritedownyourexperiencesandaskyourselfwhatreallyhappened,whathismotivesmighthavebeen,andhowyouremotionwas26.Butalwaysbecarefulbecausegaslightersknowhowtoflyundertheradar(雷达).Theyareskilledatweakeninganemployee’sconfidenceandsenseofrealityinacleverand27way.Toprotectyourself,attheendoftheconversationwithyourboss,repeatbackwhatyouheardandfollowupwithane-mailrestatingthemainpoints,28theinteractionsbetweenyoutwo.Butdon’tgetyourhopeshighthatthiswillautomaticallysolvetheproblem,RobinStern,authorofTheGaslightEffect,warns,becauseit’shardtogetagaslighterto29hisbehaviorpattern.Ifthingsdon’timprove,youmaywanttoconsidergettingoutofthegaslightingsituationbylookingforanewposition.Itmaybeoneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyour30well-being.16．A．creator B．victim C．host D．scholar17．A．power B．wealth C．support D．experience18．A．havingfun B．feelingangry C．goingcrazy D．becomingyounger19．A．Bycomparison B．Worsestill C．Afterall D．Infact20．A．unsurprising B．irrelevant C．unnecessary D．improper21．A．harmonies B．dynamics C．phases D．replacements22．A．annoyed B．interested C．frightened D．excited23．A．visual B．painful C．faulty D．lasting24．A．atrandom B．forsure C．intime D．onpurpose25．A．recommends B．constitutes C．escapes D．discovers26．A．facilitated B．affected C．represented D．monitored27．A．hard-to-prove B．easy-to-spot C．safe-to-learn D．tough-to-survive28．A．interrupting B．overcoming C．abandoning D．documenting29．A．submit B．attain C．change D．forgive30．A．emotional B．physical C．virtual D．economic【答案】16．B17．A18．C19．D20．A21．B22．A23．C24．D25．B26．B27．A28．D29．C30．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是煤气灯效应和员工该如何保护自己免受这种效应的影响。16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果是这样，你可能是煤气灯的受害者。A.creator创造者；B.victim受害者；C.host主人；D.scholar学者。根据上文“someoneevertoldyousomethingthatmadeyoudoubtyourownmemoryorjudgment”可知，句子表示“你可能是煤气灯的受害者”。故选B。17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gaslighting是一种心理虐待，目的是故意让别人认为自己是错的，即使他们是对的。A.power力量；B.wealth财富；C.support支持；D.experience经历。根据下文“purposelymakingotherpeoplethinkthey’rewrongevenwhenthey’reright”可知，句子表示“Gaslighting是一种心理虐待，目的是故意让别人认为自己是错的，即使他们是对的”，gainpoweroversb.意为“征服某人”。故选A。18．考查动词短语辨析。句意：主角JackManningham试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了，他说她是在想象他们家的煤气灯变暗，而实际上是他调低了灯的亮度。A.havingfun玩得开心；B.feelingangry感到生气；C.goingcrazy发疯；D.becomingyounger变得更年轻。根据下文“sayingsheisimaginingthedimming(变暗)ofthegaslightintheirhome,whenitwasactuallyhewholoweredthebrightnessofthelight”可知，主角JackManningham试图说服他的妻子贝拉相信她疯了。故选C。19．考查固定短语辨析。句意：事实上，最近的一项调查发现，58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤气灯效应。A.Bycomparison相比之下；B.Worsestill更糟糕的是；C.Afterall毕竟；D.Infact事实上。根据下文“arecentsurveyhasfoundthat58%oftherespondentssaidtheyhaveexperiencedgaslightingatwork”可知，句子表示“事实上，最近的一项调查发现，58%的受访者表示他们在工作中经历过煤气灯照明”。故选D。20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不奇怪，因为煤气灯照明通常涉及权力关系和控制他人的需要。A.unsurprising不足为奇的；B.irrelevant不相关的；C.unnecessary不必要的；D.improper不适当的。根据下文“sincegaslightingusuallyinvolvesapowerrelationshipandaneedtocontrolothers”可知，在工作中经历过煤气灯效应是不足为奇的。故选A。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在工作场所，老板和员工之间的动态关系可能是这种行为的完美滋生地。A.harmonies和谐；B.dynamics动态；C.phases短语；D.replacements替代。根据下文“betweenabossandhisemployee”可知，此处指“老板和员工之间的动态关系”。故选B。22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你的老板可能会告诉你用某种方式处理一项任务，但当你这样做时，他会很生气，说这不是他想要的。A.annoyed生气的；B.interested感兴趣的；C.frightened害怕的；D.excited激动的。根据下文“saysitwasn’twhathewanted”可知，句子表示“你的老板可能会告诉你用某种方式处理一项任务，但当你这样做时，他会很生气，说这不是他想要的”。故选A。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让你觉得你的记忆是错误的。A.visual视觉的；B.painful痛苦的；C.faulty错误的；D.lasting持久的。根据上文“itwasn’twhathewanted”可知，句子表示“这让你觉得你的记忆是错误的”，故选C。24．考查固定短语辨析。句意：在其他情况下，你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议之外，当你问他这件事时，他可能会指责你太敏感，而不是直接回答你的问题。A.atrandom任意地；B.forsure毫无疑问地；C.intime及时；D.onpurpose故意地。根据下文“whenyouaskhimaboutit,hemightaccuseyouofbeingtoosensitiveinsteadofansweringyourquestiondirectly”可知，句子表示“你的老板可能会故意把你排除在会议之外，当你问他这件事时，他可能会指责你太敏感，而不是直接回答你的问题”。故选D。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的沟通者，你可以写下你的经历，问问自己真实发生了什么，他的动机可能是什么，以及你的情绪是如何受到影响的。A.recommends推荐；B.constitutes构成；C.escapes逃跑；D.discovers发现。根据下文“gaslightingorheisjustapoorcommunicator”可知，此处表示“为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的沟通者”。故选B。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚你老板的行为是否真的构成了煤气灯，还是他只是一个糟糕的沟通者，你可以写下你的经历，问问自己真实发生了什么，他的动机可能是什么，以及你的情绪是如何受到影响的。A.facilitated促进，推动；B.affected影响；C.represented代表；D.monitored监控。根据上文“whenyouaskhimaboutit,hemightaccuseyouofbeingtoosensitiveinsteadofansweringyourquestiondirectly”可知，老板这么对待员工，员工的情绪肯定会受影响，此处表示“你的情绪是如何受到影响的”。故选B。27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削弱员工的信心和现实感。A.hard-to-prove难以证明的；B.easy-to-spot容易被发现的；C.safe-to-learn有把握学习的；D.tough-to-survive难以存活的。根据下文“Toprotectyourself,attheendoftheconversationwithyourboss,repeatbackwhatyouheardandfollowupwithane-mailrestatingthemainpoints”可知，老板擅长用一种巧妙而难以证明的方式削弱员工的信心和现实感。故选A。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保护自己，在与老板的谈话结束时，重复你听到的内容，然后发电子邮件重申要点，记录你们之间的互动。A.interrupting打断；B.overcoming克服；C.abandoning放弃；D.documenting记录。根据上文“repeatbackwhatyouheardandfollowupwithane-mailrestatingthemainpoints”可知，此处表示“在与老板的谈话结束时，重复你听到的内容，然后发电子邮件重申要点，记录你们之间的互动”。故选D。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，《煤气灯效应》一书的作者RobinStern警告说，不要对这样就能自动解决问题抱太大希望，因为要让一个煤气灯点燃者改变他的行为模式是很难的。A.submit提交；B.attain得到；C.change改变；D.forgive原谅。根据上文“don’tgetyourhopeshighthatthiswillautomaticallysolvetheproblem”可知，句子表示“不要对这样就能自动解决问题抱太大希望，因为要让一个煤气灯点燃者改变他的行为模式是很难的”。故选C。30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一。A.emotional情绪的；B.physical物理的；C.virtual虚拟的；D.economic经济的。根据上文“howyouremotionwas___11__”可知，句子表示“这可能是你为自己的情感健康所能做的最好的事情之一”。故选A。（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）Onesummermidnightseveralyearsago,standingoutsideawoodencabininMichiganRiver,Ilookedup.Theskywasfilledwiththousandsofstars,thesightofwhichwasalmostenoughtomakeme,anon-believer,offerawordof31upintothestar-filledsky.Buttowhom?PerhapstoJohanEklof,authorofTheDarknessManifesto.Asabatscientist,Eklof’sworkonbatsrequiresaspecifickindofdarkness—the32kind,unpollutedbylight.Butthiscategoryofdarknessis33.Inthe1980s,Ekloftellsreaders,two-thirdsofthechurchesinSweden’ssouthwesthousedbatcolonies.Notanylonger.“Today,fortyyearslater,researchI’vedonewithmycolleaguesshowsthatthisnumberhasbeenreducedbyathird,34lightpollutionandotherfactors.Becausethechurchesareall35likecarnivals(嘉年华)inthenight,”hewrites.“Wearesurroundingourselveswithlight.”Excesslightisincredibly36tothecomplexeco-systemsnocturnal(夜间活动的)animalsinhabit.It37awaythebatsthatEklofstudies.Itfrightenslight-sensitivemoths,leavingthemeasily38topredation(捕食)orflyingendlesslyintolightsthatwillneverreturntheirlove.Babyturtlescrawlawayfromtheshorelinetowardthelightsofdistantcoastalcitiesandreeffisheggsgounhatched.Birdsdonotmigrate39andeventheyforgettosing.ModernadvancementssuchasLEDlightscouldsignificantlyreducesomeoftheworstimpacts,buttheyhavenot.Atleast,notyet.Itisworthmentioningthatmiddle-agedwriterlikeEklofcan40foradarkerworld—fordarkenedcampusesandunlitparkinglots.Butdarknessisnotsafeforeveryone.Weneedtoaddressthesocialissuesthatmakelightedplacesso41inthefirstplace.Thebottomline:Wecanchangeifwewantto.Someofthesolutionstolightpollution—motion-detectinglights,shieldedlightsthatdonot42lightupward,artificiallightwithwavelengthsthatissimilartonaturallight—arealreadywithinourgrasp,ifwejust43them.“Wecouldjustturnitalloff,butIguesswedon’twantto,”saidEklofinarecentinterview.“44,it’svitalwefindamiddleway.”Rightnowitishardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,everycitycouldbeequippedwithanarrayofprogrammedand45low-impactLEDlights.Orwemighthavecompletelyforgottenwhatdarknessis—theskyfilledwithlittlemoons.31．A．honour B．gratitude C．optimism D．determination32．A．artificial B．brilliant C．faint D．absolute33．A．achieved B．distracted C．enhanced D．threatened34．A．resultingfrom B．bringingabout C．judgingby D．contributingto35．A．decorated B．restored C．lit D．faded36．A．effective B．sensitive C．positive D．destructive37．A．scares B．blows C．pulls D．turns38．A．accustomed B．subject C．available D．restricted39．A．onduty B．inturn C．ontime D．inpublic40．A．stimulate B．advocate C．negotiate D．account41．A．challenging B．appealing C．demanding D．outstanding42．A．absorb B．stretch C．transform D．reflect43．A．reachfor B．applyto C．longfor D．adaptto44．A．Therefore B．Furthermore C．However D．Instead45．A．fundamentally B．scientifically C．environmentally D．economically【答案】31．B32．D33．D34．A35．C36．D37．A38．B39．C40．B41．B42．D43．A44．A45．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了光污染对鸟类以及夜间习性动物的影响，以及作者提出了可能的解决方法。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一景象几乎足以让我这个不信教的人在布满星星的天空中说出一个感恩词。A.honour荣誉；B.gratitude感恩；C.optimism乐观主义；D.determination决心。根据后文“Birdsdonotmigrate_____9_____andeventheyforgettosing.ModernadvancementssuchasLEDlightscouldsignificantlyreducesomeoftheworstimpacts,buttheyhavenot.Atleast,notyet”以及“Itisworthmentioningthatmiddle-agedwriterlikeEklofcan_____10_____foradarkerworld—fordarkenedcampusesandunlitparkinglots.”可知作者的感恩是出于对JohanEklof，也就是《黑暗宣言》的作者。故选B项。32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名蝙蝠科学家，埃克洛夫对蝙蝠的研究需要一种特殊的黑暗—纯粹的那种不受光污染的黑暗。A.artificial人工的；B.brilliant灿烂的；C.faint微弱的；D.absolute完全的。根据后文“unpollutedbylight”可知埃克洛夫的研究需要的是完全没有光污染的黑暗。故选D项。33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这类黑暗受到了威胁。A.achieved获得；B.distracted分心；C.enhanced增强；D.threatened威胁。根据后文“Becausethechurchesareall_____5_____likecarnivals(嘉年华)inthenight,”可知这种类型的光减少了很多，收到了威胁。故选D项。34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：四十年后的今天，我和同事们所做的研究表明，由于光污染和其他因素导致了这个数字已经减少了三分之一。A.resultingfrom由……引起；B.bringingabout导致；C.judgingby从……判断；D.contributingto为……作出贡献。根据后文的“Becausethechurchesareall_____5_____likecarnivals(嘉年华)inthenight”可知光污染和其他因素导致他的研究减少了。故选A项。35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为在晚上教堂都装饰地像嘉年华一样。A.decorated装饰；B.restored恢复；C.lit点亮；D.faded褪色。根据后文的“Wearesurroundingourselveswithlight.”可知教堂用灯光装饰了。故选C项。36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过量的光线对夜间活动的动物所居住的复杂生态系统具有难以置信的破坏性。A.effective有效的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.positive积极的；D.destructive破坏性的。根据后文的“It_____7_____awaythebatsthatEklofstudies.Itfrightenslight-sensitivemoths”可知过量的光线是有破坏性的。故选D项。37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它把埃克洛夫研究的蝙蝠吓跑了。A.scares吓到，使……害怕；B.blows打击；C.pulls拉；D.turns转动。根据前文的“Excesslightis____6_____destructivetothecomplexeco-systemsnocturnal(夜间活动的)animalsinhabit.”可知蝙蝠吓跑了。故选A项。38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它吓坏了对光敏感的蛾类，使它们很容易被捕食或者无休止地飞向永远不会回报他们爱的光芒。A.accustomed习惯的；B.subject可能受……影响的；C.available可用的；D.restricted受限制的。根据后文“orflyingendlesslyintolightsthatwillneverreturntheirlove”可知灯光影响了蛾类。故选B项。39．考查介词短语辨析。句意：鸟类不准时迁徙，甚至它们也忘了唱歌。A.onduty值班；B.inturn依次；C.ontime准时；D.inpublic当众。根据常识可知鸟儿迁徙每年几乎是同一个时间。故选C项。40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得一提的是，像埃克洛夫这样的中年作家支持一个更黑暗的世界—黑暗的校园和没有灯光的停车场。A.stimulate刺激；B.advocate辩护，支持；C.negotiate协商；D.account认为是，视为。根据后文“Weneedtoaddressthesocialissuesthatmakelightedplacesso_____11_____inthefirstplace.”可知克洛夫支持“黑暗世界”。故选B项。41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们需要首先解决那些使照明场所如此吸引人的社会问题。A.challenging挑战性的；B.appealing吸引人的；C.demanding要求高的；D.outstanding优秀的。根据前文“Babyturtlescrawlawayfromtheshorelinetowardthelightsofdistantcoastalcitiesandreeffisheggsgounhatched.Birdsdonotmigrate_____9_____andeventheyforgettosing.”可知这些灯光对动物和昆虫们太有吸引力。故选B项。42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案—运动检测灯、不向上反光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光都已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A.absorb吸收；B.stretch拉伸；C.transform变换；D.reflect反映，反射。根据后文“lightupward”可知此处指的是灯光向上反射。故选D项。43．考查动词短语辨析。句意：光污染的一些解决方案—运动检测灯、不向上反射光的屏蔽灯、波长与自然光相似的人造光—如果我们能找到的话，它们已经在我们的掌握范围内了。A.reachfor伸手去够；B.applyto适用于；C.longfor渴望；D.adaptto适应。根据前文“arealreadywithinourgrasp”可知此处表示在我们可掌控范围内。故选A项。44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此找到一条中间道路至关重要。A.Therefore因此；B.Furthermore此外；C.However然而；D.Instead相反。根据前文“Wecouldjustturnitalloff,butIguesswedon’twantto”可知此处表示一种结果。故选A项。45．考查副词词义辨析。句意：50年后，每个城市都可以配备一系列程序化、环保的低冲击LED灯。A.fundamentally基本上地；B.scientifically科学地；C.environmentally环境地，环保地；D.economically经济地，实惠地。根据后文“low-impactLEDlights”可知是环保的LED灯。故选C项。（2023·上海黄浦·统考二模）Somanyofusareterribleatbeingterrible.Asourchildrenventureofftoschool,sports,dancesandmusiclessons,weurgethem:Justtrysomething,keeppracticing,you’reonlyabeginner.Andyet,facedwithourownfailure,webecomelessconfident,andquitaltogether.Imagesofperfectionfilloursocial-mediafeeds,alongwithadvertisementsassuringuswewouldn’tbeso46ifwejustboughtthisthingortriedthatproduct.Parentsoftenaddtothepressure,47theirkidswillendupslidingdownthesocioeconomicladder.Whatifwe’re48?“It’ssucha49nottohavetobegood,”saysKarenRinaldi,whoreferstoherselfasahorriblesurfer.After20yearsontheboard,sheisstillbad,andshelovesit.Thereistheexcitementofbeingoutonthewater,butthereisalsothe50ofnothavingtobetheexpert,thefreedomto51helpandrelyonothersinawaysheneverwouldatwork.Backonland,shesayssheismoreunderstandingand52others’mistakes.“Thebenefitofnot53myselfeveryday,”shesays,“isthatIgettosurfeverytimeIwant.”Ms.Rinaldi,whoseexperienceledtoabookaboutwhatyoucanlearnfromfailure,recommendsaskingyourself:“Whatisitthatyou’vealwayswantedtodoortrybutweretoo54?”Whateveritis,shesays,startdoingit.Shouldyoustruggle,55thefactthatyou’reabeginner.“Gointherewiththe56tosay,‘I’mnew,’”shesays.“Peoplewanttohelpyoulearn.Itmakesthemfeelgood.”Takemyselfasanotherexample.Istartedyogalessonsthissummer.WhenI57SydSchulz,aprofessionalmountainbiker,thatIwasterribleattheposes,herresponsewas“whatdidyouexpect?”“It’salittle58topeoplewhohavespentyearsandyearsoftheirlivesacquiringskillstothinkthatyoushouldhavethoseovernight,”saysMs.Schulz.Yearsspentworkingonhercyclinghavetaughtherthatimprovementoftencomesin59steps,followinglongstretchesofinactivityorevengetting60.46．A．distressing B．imperfect C．impressive D．incredible