专题03-阅读理解+完形填空+七选五冲刺2023年高考英语小题限时集训(解析版)

专题03阅读理解+完形填空+七选五难度：★★★★☆建议用时：30分钟得分：（2022·江苏南京·模拟预测）Haveyoueverbeenreallyhungry,buttherewasn’tmuchtoeatinyourkitchen?Didyouthrowtogetherabunchofstuffyouhadonhandandwerepleasantlysurprisedwhenittastedgood?Youaren’talone.Someofourfavoritefoodswerecreatedbyaccident.Here’sasamplemenuofsomefamiliarfoodsthatneverwouldhavehappenedifsomeonehadn’tcreatedthembymistake.POTATOCHIPSOneoftheworld’sfavoritesnacksistheresultofacomplaint.In1853,amanwaseatingdinneratMoon’sLakeHouseinSaratogaSprings,NewYork.Heorderedfriedpotatoes,apopularsidedish.Butwhentheycameoutofthekitchen,hedidn’tthinktheywerecrispyenough.Hesentthembacktothekitchen,whereChefGeorgeCrumwassoangryathavinghiscookingcriticizedthatheslicedthepotatoesreallythin,putlotsofsaltonthem,andfriedthem.Notonlydidthedinerlovethem,buteveryoneelsedid,too.Theysoonbecameaspecialtyoftherestaurant.TOFUTofu,orbeancurd,ismadebycurdling(使凝结)freshsoyamilk,pressingitintoasolidblock,andthencoolingit.TofuwasaccidentallyinventedinChina2,000yearsago,whenacookaddedseaweedtosoyamilk,whichmadeitcurdle.Thisisthesameprocessthatisusedformakingcheese.Likecheese,tofuisagreatexampleofhowreallymessinguparecipecancreatesomethingunexpectedlygood.CHEESEPUFFSDidyoueverwonderwhothoughtupcheesepuffs?Thecompanythatinventedthemwasn’teventryingtomakefoodforpeople.Itwastryingtomakeanimalfeed.Inthe1930s,theFlakallCompanyofWisconsinmadeanimalfoodfromsmall,flakedpiecesofgrain.Oneday,anemployee,EdwardWilson,watchedworkerspouringcornmeal(谷粉)intotheflakingmachine,wettingittokeepitfromclogging(堵塞).Becausethemachinewasveryhot,thewetcornmealcameoutofitinpuffyribbonsthathardenedwhentheyhittheair.Wilsontooksomeoftheribbonshome,addedoilandflavoringtothem,andvoila!Cheesepuffs!1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Seaweedisalsousedformakingcheese.B．ChefGeorgeCrumdidn’tliketocriticizeothers’cooking.C．Hotwetcornmealhardenedwhentheyhittheair.D．Beancurddatesback2000yearsinChina.2．Whatdothethreefoodshaveincommon?A．Theyaretheresultsofcomplaints.B．Theywerenotcreatedonpurpose.C．Theyweren’toriginallymadeforpeople.D．Theyareallpopularthroughouttheworld.3．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Tocomparethefeaturesofsomefoods.B．Toinformreadersofsomefoods.C．Torecommendsomefoods.D．Tointroducetheoriginsofsomefoods.1．A

2．B

3．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三种食物的起源，它们都是被偶然创造出来的。1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“TofuwasaccidentallyinventedinChina2,000yearsago,whenacookaddedseaweedtosoyamilk,whichmadeitcurdle.Thisisthesameprocessthatisusedformakingcheese.(豆腐是2000年前偶然在中国发明的，当时一位厨师在豆浆中加入海藻，使豆浆凝结。这和制作奶酪的过程是一样的。)”可知，海藻也可以用来制作奶酪。故选A项。2．细节理题。根据文章第一段“Someofourfavoritefoodswerecreatedbyaccident.Here’sasamplemenuofsomefamiliarfoodsthatneverwouldhavehappenedifsomeonehadn’tcreatedthembymistake.(我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然创造出来的。以下是一些常见食物的菜单样本，如果不是有人错误地创造了它们，这些食物就不会出现。)”可知，这三种食物的共同点是：它们不是故意被创造出来的。故选B项。3．推理判断题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了三种食物的历史渊源，而且它们都是被偶然创造出来的，所以这篇文章的目的是为了介绍一些食物的起源。故选D项。（2022·山东日照·三模）Duringaperiodoftwomonths,theeastcoastofFloridawashitbythreemajorhurricanes!Whenwe____1____onthemorningofSeptember5,myhusbandandIstoodonthebalcony(阳台）andwatchedthestill-powerfulwindsbreakhugetrees.____2____,inthemidstofthesedestructivewinds,wespottedaflashofcolorinour____3____.Nomorethantenfeetfromwherewestood,ahummingbird(蜂鸟)____4____andflewinfrontofus.Thiswasthefirsttimewehadever____5____ahummingbirdinouryard—orinFlorida!Becausetheyarerare,the____6____ofahummingbirdinBrevardCounty,Florida,isalmosta____7____initself.AlthoughIhadbeentryingtoplantalltherightplantsto____8____them,ittookahurricaneformeto____9____attractthemtomyyardandtoreallyobservethemclosely.Almosteverydaysincethehurricanes,Ihavehadthe____10____ofobservingthevisitinghummingbirds.Withafeederrightoutsidemyofficewindow,Igetadailybird’s____11____.Thehurricaneseasonaffectedmeinavery____12____way.EverytimeIseethehummingbirds,Iam____13____ofthemanyblessingsthatnatureholdsforus:messagesofbeauty,strength,anddetermination.Butperhapsthegreatest____14____isthatwondersareouttherewaitingtopayusavisit.Wejustneedtokeep____15____seedsofbeautyandfaith,andweneedtokeepaneyeoutforthewonders!1．A．wokeup B．stoodup C．lookedup D．turnedup2．A．Generally B．Gradually C．Normally D．Suddenly3．A．garden B．room C．balcony D．office4．A．dropped B．appeared C．remained D．landed5．A．heard B．drawn C．seen D．caught6．A．color B．name C．shape D．sight7．A．symbol B．concept C．belief D．wonder8．A．attract B．feed C．drive D．impress9．A．formally B．finally C．regularly D．constantly10．A．task B．joy C．hope D．plan11．A．track B．mind C．view D．shadow12．A．common B．casual C．strange D．positive13．A．informed B．warned C．reminded D．cured14．A．message B．hobby C．subject D．chance15．A．buying B．changing C．receiving D．planting1．A

2．D

3．A

4．B

5．C

6．D

7．D

8．A

9．B

10．B

11．C

12．D

13．C

14．A

15．D【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者一直在自家院子里试图种植所有合适的植物来吸引当地罕见的蜂鸟，终于在一次飓风来袭后，蜂鸟出现了。蜂鸟的到来带给作者“美丽，力量和决心的启示”，但是，最大的启示是：奇迹在那里等待着来拜访我们。1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们在9月5日早上醒来时，我和丈夫站在阳台上，看着仍然强大的风折断了参天大树。A.wokeup醒来；B.stoodup站起来；C.lookedup抬头看；D.turnedup出现。根据时间onthemorningofSeptember5，早上醒来，wokeup符合语境。故选A项。2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，在这阵阵破坏性的风中，我们在我们的花园里发现了一抹色彩。A.Generally一般地；B.Gradually逐渐地；C.Normally通常地；D.Suddenly突然。根据下文“Nomorethantenfeetfromwherewestood,ahummingbird(蜂鸟)4andflewinfrontofus.(离我们站立的地方不到十英尺，一只蜂鸟出现了，并在我们面前飞着。)”可知，飓风天气看见一抹蜂鸟的颜色，很是突然。故选D项。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，在这阵阵破坏性的风中，我们在我们的花园里发现了一抹色彩。A.garden花园；B.room房间；C.balcony阳台；D.office办公室。根据语境，作者早上醒来后，站在阳台上看外面飓风肆虐，这时飞来一只蜂鸟，因此，蜂鸟出现在阳台外的花园，garden比较符合语境。故选A项。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：离我们站立的地方不到十英尺，一只蜂鸟出现了，并在我们面前飞着。A.dropped掉落；B.appeared出现；C.remained依然；D.landed降落。根据上文“wespottedaflashofcolorinour3.(我们在我们的花园里发现了一抹色彩。)”，下文“andflewinfrontofus”可知，飓风中，花园里此时出现一只蜂鸟。appeared符合语境，故选B项。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我们第一次在我们的院子里——或着佛罗里达州，看到蜂鸟！A.heard听到；B.drawn画；C.seen看到；D.caught抓住。下文“Becausetheyarerare,the6ofahummingbirdinBrevardCounty,Florida,isalmosta7initself.(因为它们很罕见，所以在佛罗里达州布里瓦德县，看见蜂鸟本身几乎是一个奇迹。)”可知，蜂鸟在佛罗里达州实属罕见，seen符合语境。故选C项。6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为它们很罕见，所以在佛罗里达州布里瓦德县，看见蜂鸟本身几乎是一个奇迹。A.color颜色；B.name姓名；C.shape形状；D.sight观看。上文“Thiswasthefirsttimewehadever5ahummingbirdinouryard—orinFlorida!(这是我们第一次在我们的院子里——或着佛罗里达州，看到蜂鸟！)”可知，作者第一次在佛罗里达州，而且是自家院子里看见了蜂鸟，sight符合语境。故选D项。7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为它们很罕见，所以在佛罗里达州布里瓦德县，看见蜂鸟本身几乎是一个奇迹。A.symbol符号；B.concept概念；C.belief信念；D.wonder奇迹。根据剧中的rare可知，蜂鸟在这里很罕见，所以看见蜂鸟是个奇迹。故选D项。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我一直试图种植所有合适的植物来吸引它们，但经过一场飓风，我才最终将它们吸引到我的院子里，并真正仔细观察它们。A.attract吸引；B.feed喂养；C.drive驱动；D.impress使……印象深刻。根据后半句“ittookahurricaneformeto9attractthemtomyyard.(经过一场飓风，我才最终将它们吸引到我的院子里)”可知，作者以前也试图“吸引”蜂鸟到院子里来，attract符合语境。故选A项。9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然我一直试图种植所有合适的植物来吸引它们，但经过一场飓风，我才最终将它们吸引到我的院子里，并真正仔细观察它们。A.formally正式；B.finally最后；C.regularly定期；D.constantly不断。根据语境，作者的院子里有各种合适蜂鸟食用的植物，在飓风之后，总算派上了用场，吸引蜂鸟来觅食。finally符合语境。故选B项。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自飓风以来，几乎每天都有观察来访蜂鸟的喜悦。A.task任务；B.joy喜悦；C.hope希望；D.plan计划。上文“Becausetheyarerare,the6ofahummingbirdinBrevardCounty,Florida,isalmosta7initself.(因为它们很罕见，所以在佛罗里达州布里瓦德县，看见蜂鸟本身几乎是一个奇迹。)”可知，每天都能看见罕见的蜂鸟，给作者带来了喜悦。故选B项。11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的办公室窗户外面有一个喂食器，我每天都可以看到有鸟的风景。A.track轨迹；B.mind心灵；C.view风景；D.shadow影子。根据语境，作者每天可以看见蜂鸟在窗外觅食的风景，view符合语境。故选C项。12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：飓风季节以非常积极的方式影响了我。A.common常见的；B.casual休闲的；C.strange

奇异的；D.positive积极的。下文“EverytimeIseethehummingbirds,Iam13ofthemanyblessingsthatnatureholdsforus:messagesofbeauty,strength,anddetermination.(每次我看到蜂鸟，我都会想起大自然为我们带来的许多祝福：美丽，力量和决心的信息。)”可知，蜂鸟的到来使作者想到了美丽、力量和决心这一些积极向上的信息，故选D项。13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我看到蜂鸟，我都会想起大自然为我们带来的许多祝福：美丽，力量和决心的启示。A.informed通知；B.warned警告；C.reminded提醒；D.cured治愈。上文“Thehurricaneseasonaffectedmeinavery12way.(飓风季节以非常积极的方式影响了我。)”可知，飓风季节到来的蜂鸟，使作者想到一些美好的东西。remindsbofsth，意为“使某人想起……，提醒某人……”。故选C项。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但也许最大的启示是，奇迹在那里等待来拜访我们。A.message留言，启示；B.hobby爱好；C.subject主题；D.chance机会。上文“EverytimeIseethehummingbirds,Iam13ofthemanyblessingsthatnatureholdsforus:messagesofbeauty,strength,anddetermination.(每次我看到蜂鸟，我都会想起大自然为我们带来的许多祝福：美丽，力量和决心的启示。)”可知，蜂鸟的到来带给作者“美丽，力量和决心的启示”，但是，最大的启示是：奇迹终究会到来。message为复现词，故选A项。15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们只需要不断播下美丽和信仰的种子，我们只需要留意奇迹！A.buying购买；B.changing更换；C.receiving接收；D.planting种植。上文“AlthoughIhadbeentryingtoplantalltherightplantsto8them,ittookahurricaneformeto9attractthemtomyyardandtoreallyobservethemclosely.(虽然我一直试图种植所有合适的植物来吸引它们，但经过一场飓风，我才最终将它们吸引到我的院子里，并真正仔细观察它们。)”可知，plant为复现词，故选D项。（2022·江西景德镇·一模）Innovation(创新)comesfromenvironmentswhereideascanconnect.____1____?ThisistheveryquestionanewinformationchartfromTopMasterslookstoanswer.Accordingtothereport,ground-breakinginnovationshavecomedespitethetragiceffectofepidemicsthroughouthistory.ThisisatimelyreportbecausepeoplearecomingupwithsomeinnovativeideastoaddressmanyofthechallengesbroughtonbyCOVID-19.Asepidemicsgo,theBlackDeathofthe1300swasextremelyshocking.____2____.Accordingtothereport,itwasresponsibleforchangingtheeconomicandsocialstructureofEuropeandthecreationofamiddleclass.TherewereotheroutbreaksoftheplagueinEnglandlateron.In1592,Londonfacedanoutbreakthatshutdowntheatersforsixmonths.ThisledShakespearetostartwritingpoetrytomakealiving.____3____.Anotherplaguein1606alsoclosedthetheatresinLondon,andthistimeShakespearewroteKingLearandMacbeth.IntheUS,theBostonsmallpoxepidemicof1721led1othespreadofvariolation(天花接种)whichwasresponsibleforreducingthedeathratefrom14%to2%,aswellasthefirststepstowardsvaccines.____4____COVID-19iscausingseriousdamagearoundtheworld.Andalthoughthedeathrateisnowhereclose,theeconomicimpacthasbeenoverwhelming.Onthenegativeside,ithashighlightedmanyoftheshortcominginthehealth-careindustryasnursesanddoctorsbattlethevirusunfortunatelyunder-equipped.____5____.Today’sinnovatorsareaddressingventilator(呼吸机)shortagesbyusing3Dprintersanddesigningsimplerventilators;distillersareproducinghandsanitizer(消毒剂);companiesaremakingwashableandreusablemasks;apparetrackingthevirusandfightingthespreadofmisinformation.A．ButdoesepidemicshavemorenegativeeffectsontheenvironmentB．SowhatkindofenvironmentdoesanepidemiccreatewhenitcomestoquickeninginnovationC．AndthedebateofvaccinationusheredinanewerainjournalismD．Withincreasedconnectivityandtechnology,innovatorsaretryingtosolvemanymedicalproblemsE．Nowadays,health-careequipmenthasbeenmadeinlargequantitiesF．AnditwasduringthistimethathewroteVenusandAdonis,andTheRapeofLucreG．Theplague(瘟疫),asitisalsoknown,wipedoutupto60%ofthepopulationinEurope1．B

2．G

3．F

4．C

5．D【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述在疫情形式下也有创新。1．根据上文“Innovation(创新)comesfromenvironmentswhereideascanconnect.”(创新来自思想可以联系的环境。)和下文“ThisistheveryquestionanewinformationchartfromTopMasterslookstoanswer.Accordingtothereport,ground-breakinginnovationshavecomedespitethetragiceffectofepidemicsthroughouthistory.”(这正是顶级大师的新信息图表所要回答的问题。根据该报告，尽管历史上流行病的悲剧性影响，但仍有突破性的创新。)可知，这里是对疫情会创造什么样的创新环境发出疑问。选项B“那么，在加快创新时，疫情会创造什么样的环境”和上下文意思一致。故选B。2．根据上文“Asepidemicsgo,theBlackDeathofthe1300swasextremelyshocking.”(随着流行病的蔓延，1300年的黑死病非常令人震惊。)和下文“Accordingtothereport,itwasresponsibleforchangingtheeconomicandsocialstructureofEuropeandthecreationofamiddle