卷11-限时小卷(解析版)

小题素养卷——培素养，稳实力【小题小卷】冲刺2023年高考英语小题限时集训（解析版）专题11三合一难度：★★★★☆建议用时：30分钟正确率：Passage1阅读理解Avoidthesupermarketshelvespiledwithcheese,cupcakesandpies.ThatisthemessageofananalysisthatfoundtheseitemsaretheworstwhenlookingatbothnutritionalandenvironmentalimpactsofthousandsoffoodanddrinkproductssoldintheUKandIreland.Sofar,moststudieshavefocusedontheenvironmentalimpactofgoodssuchasbeeforbeans,ratherthantofuandotherproductsthatshoppersoftenbuy.Whereresearchhasfocusedonsuchproducts,ithasusuallybeenforasmallnumberofthem.Inabidtobridgethegap,MichealClarkattheUniversityofOxfordandhiscolleaguesanalyzedmorethan57,000foodanddrinkproductssoldintheUKandIreland.Theteamtooktheingredients(成份)datafromeightretailers(零售商),includingmajorsupermarketsTescoandSainsbury’s.However,precisefiguresonhowmuchofeachingredientisineachproductwereonlyavailableforaroundatenthofthem.Toestimatetherest,Clarkandhiscolleaguestrainedanalgorithm(算法)ontheknownproductsandusedittopredictthecompositionoftheunknownones.Finally,theteamlinkedalltheingredientstoanexistingdatabaseofenvironmentalimpacts,includingemissions(排放),landuseandwaterstress.Theresultsmaycomeasnosurprise:meat,fishandcheeseproductshadhighestenvironmentalimpactwhilefruit,vegetables,breadandsugarydrinkproductshadthelowestburden.Clarkadmitsthatnoneofthisisexciting,givenwhatwealreadyknewfrompastresearch.“Whatisimportantisthatyoucanstartgettingtheseimpactestimatesforproductsthatpeoplearepurchasing,whichthenhasalotofeffects,”hesays.Oneofthoseiseco-lables,whichcanhelpconsumerstomakegreenerchoices.However,retailershavestruggledinthepastwiththechallengeofthelargenumberoffood.Clarkisthinkingabouthowtoeventuallyturnthedataintoanappthatcouldbeusedeitherbyshoppersorbyretailerswantingtoreducetheirenvironmentalimpact.“We’vemadethatinformationavailableinawaythatmeanspeoplecanstartmakinginformeddecisions,”hesays.1.WhatisthepurposeofClark’sstudy?A.Tosolvetheenvironmentalproblemswithsomeproducts.B.Topointoutthemistakesofthepreviousresearch.C.Tofocusontheimportantingredientsdatafromretailers.D.Toestimatetheenvironmentalimpactoffrequently-boughtproducts.2.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.TheprocessofClark’sstudy. B.TheresultofClark’sstudy.C.ThesignificanceofClark’sstudy. D.ThelimitationofClark’sstudy.3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutClark’sstudyfromParagraph3?A.Surprising. B.Worrying. C.Meaningful. D.Doubtful.4.WhichofthefollowingproductsshouldpeoplebuyaccordingtoClark’sstudy?A.Nutritiousfoodlikebeefandeggs. B.Greenfoodlikecarrotsandbananas.C.Healthyfoodlikefishandtofu. D.Freshfoodlikemilkandchicken【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是针对食物对环境的影响的研究。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Sofar,moststudieshavefocusedontheenvironmentalimpactofgoodssuchasbeeforbeans,ratherthantofuandotherproductsthatshoppersoftenbuy.(到目前为止，大多数研究都集中在牛肉或豆类等商品对环境的影响上，而不是豆腐和其他消费者经常购买的产品。)”和第二段的“Inabidtobridgethegap,MichealClarkattheUniversityofOxfordandhiscolleaguesanalyzedmorethan57,000foodanddrinkproductssoldintheUKandIreland.(为了弥补这一差距，牛津大学的MichealClark和他的同事分析了在英国和爱尔兰销售的57000多种食品和饮料。)”可知，克拉克研究的目的是评估经常购买的产品对环境的影响。故选D。【2题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Theteamtooktheingredients(成份)datafromeightretailers(零售商),includingmajorsupermarketsTescoandSainsbury’s.However,precisefiguresonhowmuchofeachingredientisineachproductwereonlyavailableforaroundatenthofthem.Toestimatetherest,Clarkandhiscolleaguestrainedanalgorithm(算法)ontheknownproductsandusedittopredictthecompositionoftheunknownones.Finally,theteamlinkedalltheingredientstoanexistingdatabaseofenvironmentalimpacts,includingemissions(排放),landuseandwaterstress.(研究小组从8家零售商那里获取了配料数据，其中包括大型超市乐购和塞恩斯伯里。然而，关于每种产品中每种成分含量的精确数据仅为其中的十分之一左右。为了估计剩下的，克拉克和他的同事们在已知产物上训练了一种算法，并用它来预测未知产物的组成。最后，研究小组将所有成分与现有的环境影响数据库联系起来，包括排放、土地使用和水资源压力。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是克拉克的研究过程。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Whatisimportantisthatyoucanstartgettingtheseimpactestimatesforproductsthatpeoplearepurchasing,whichthenhasalotofeffects(重要的是，你可以开始对人们正在购买的产品进行这些影响评估，这会产生很多影响)”可知，从第3段可以推断出克拉克的研究是有意义的。故选C。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theresultsmaycomeasnosurprise:meat,fishandcheeseproductshadhighestenvironmentalimpactwhilefruit,vegetables,breadandsugarydrinkproductshadthelowestburden.(研究结果可能并不令人惊讶：肉类、鱼类和奶酪产品对环境的影响最大，而水果、蔬菜、面包和含糖饮料产品对环境的影响最低。)”和最后一段的“Oneofthoseiseco-lables,whichcanhelpconsumerstomakegreenerchoices.(其中之一就是生态标签，它可以帮助消费者做出更环保的选择。)”可知，根据克拉克的研究，人们应该购买绿色食物，如胡萝卜和香蕉。故选B。Passage2七选五阅读Differentparentshavedifferentreactionstolearningthattheirchildrenmightbeexperiencingbullying(欺凌).Somemaybelievethatthebullyingisawayto“toughenthemup”.Othersmightbecomesoangrythattheywanttofacethebulliesthemselvesormaypushtheirchildrentofightback.____5____It’smuchbettertotrytocalmyourselfdownandfindwaystosolvetheproblem.Herearesomesuggestionsthatexpertsrecommend.Talkaboutbullying.Oneofthebestwaystohelpyourbulliedchildistosimplytalkaboutbullying.Notabouttheirbullyspecificallyorthetroublethey’regoingthrough,butwhybullyinghappens,howbulliestypicallywork,andwhattheycandotomakeitstopandhelpothers.Theyalsoneedtounderstandthatbulliesarenevertoblameforbullyingbecausefartoomanyofthemcanfeelguiltyandevenbecomedepressed.____6________7____Alotofkidswon’tbecomfortablecomingtotheirparentsforhelpforavarietyofreasons,soit’simportantthatyoudoeverythingyoucantoshowthemthattalkingtoyouaboutaproblemissomethingsafe.Makesuretheyknowthatyoucareandthatyou’rewillingtolistennomatterwhat,butdon’tpressthemforinformationortheymightretreatfurtherintothemselves.Documenteverything.____8____Schoolauthoritieswilloftenwantproofifyougotothemwithaccusation,andthecourtwillcertainlyneeditifitgetstothepointthatyouneedtomakeitalegalmatter.Justasimportantly,hangingontothingslikee-mailscanreallyhelpifyoursonordaughterisbeingtargetedbyanonymousbullies,becauseauthoritiessometimesusethatinformationtotrackdownthebully.Gotoofficials.Lettingbullyinggotoofarcanleadtoallkindsofpotentialphysicalandpsychologicaldamage.____9____Meetingslikethiscangooneoftwoways—youcanfocusontheproblembyyourselfandmakeactionsagainstthebullies,oryoucanworkwithschoolofficialstostartprogramsthateducatetheirstudentsaboutbullyingandseektocontrolitintheschool.A.Keepaneyeoutforyourchild.B.Makeyourselfavailabletoyourchild.C.Thesechoicesarerarelytherightwaytohandlebullying.D.Sometimesyouhavetogotoschoolofficialstogetitstopped.E.Youhaveanumberofoptionsavailabletoyoudependingonyourpersonality.F.Iftherearerecordsofyourchildbeingbullied,itisvitaltoholdontotheevidence.G.Inthisway,youcanarmyourchildwithinformationtheycanusetosolvetheproblem.【答案】.C.G.BF.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。不同的父母在得知孩子可能遭遇欺凌时有不同的反应，文章介绍了一些专家建议的建议。【5题详解】根据上文“Somemaybelievethatthebullyingisawayto“toughenthemup”.Othersmightbecomesoangrythattheywanttofacethebulliesthemselvesormaypushtheirchildrentofightback.(有些人可能认为欺凌是一种“让他们坚强起来”的方式。其他人可能会变得非常愤怒，想要自己面对欺凌者，或者可能会迫使他们的孩子反击)”及下文“It’smuchbettertotrytocalmyourselfdownandfindwaystosolvetheproblem.Herearesomesuggestionsthatexpertsrecommend.(最好是让自己冷静下来，找到解决问题的方法。以下是专家推荐的一些建议)”可知，上文提到的做法并不正确。由此可知，C.Thesechoicesarerarelytherightwaytohandlebullying.(这些选择很少是处理欺凌的正确方式)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选C。【6题详解】根据上文“Theyalsoneedtounderstandthatbulliesarenevertoblameforbullyingbecausefartoomanyofthemcanfeelguiltyandevenbecomedepressed.(他们还需要明白，欺凌者永远不应该因为欺凌而受到指责，因为他们中有太多的人会感到内疚，甚至变得抑郁)”可知，需要让孩子了解一些信息。由此可知，G.Inthisway,youcanarmyourchildwithinformationtheycanusetosolvetheproblem.(通过这种方式，你可以用他们可以用来解决问题的信息武装你的孩子)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选G。【7题详解】根据下文“Alotofkidswon’tbecomfortablecomingtotheirparentsforhelpforavarietyofreasons,soit’simportantthatyoudoeverythingyoucantoshowthemthattalkingtoyouaboutaproblemissomethingsafe.(很多孩子会因为各种各样的原因不愿意向父母寻求帮助，所以你要尽你所能向他们表明，和你谈论问题是安全的，这很重要)”可知，父母要让孩子随时能找你需求帮助。由此可知，B.Makeyourselfavailabletoyourchild.(让你的孩子随时能找你)符合语境。故选B。【8题详解】根据上文“Documenteverything.(记录一切)”及下文“Schoolauthoritieswilloftenwantproofifyougotothemwithaccusation,andthecourtwillcertainlyneeditifitgetstothepointthatyouneedtomakeitalegalmatter.(如果你向学校提出指控，他们通常会要求证据，如果你需要将其列为法律问题，法院当然也会需要证据)”可知，保留证据很重要。由此可知，F.Iftherearerecordsofyourchildbeingbullied,itisvitaltoholdontotheevidence.(如果有你的孩子被欺负的记录，重要的是要抓住证据)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选F。【9题详解】根据上文“Gotoofficials.(去找官员)”及下文“Meetingslikethiscangooneoftwoways—youcanfocusontheproblembyyourselfandmakeactionsagainstthebullies,oryoucanworkwithschoolofficialstostartprogramsthateducatetheirstudentsaboutbullyingandseektocontrolitintheschool.(像这样的会面可以采取两种方式之一——你可以自己关注问题，并对欺凌者采取行动，或者你可以与学校官员合作，启动项目，教育学生有关欺凌的知识，并寻求在学校控制欺凌)”可知，此处在讲述到学校官员那里需求帮助。由此可知，D.Sometimesyouhavetogotoschoolofficialstogetitstopped.(有时你不得不去学校官员那里阻止它)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选D。Passage3语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThehistoryofChineseTeachers5Day___41___(date)backtotheHanDynasty.Itisadayofrespectingteachersandeducation.Inthepast,onAugust27eachyear,thebirthdayofConfucius,theemperor,___42___(follow)bycourtofficials,wouldgotoConfucius'templeinhonoroftheancientphilosopherandwouldalsoinviteroyalteacherstothecourtforafeast.Andonthisday,teachersaroundthenationenjoyed___43___day'sbreakand___44___(give)driedmeatasgifts.Excellentteacherswouldbechosenfromacademiesand___45___(institution)acrossthecountrytoreport___46___(they)deedstotheroyalcourtandbepresentedwith500liangsilvercoinsasawards.IntheQingDynasty,well-performingteacherswouldbepromotedto___47___(high)positionsthanbeforeorobtainasalaryrise.Thecustomstoshowrespecttoteachersvariedfromregiontoregion.Today,thegoalofTeachers5Dayistoformasocialclimate___48___teachersarerespectedandknowledgeisvalued.Anditsdateis___49___（official）setatthebeginningoftheschoolyear.Thecelebrationincludescongratulations____50____students,recommendingoutstandingteachers,theexchangeofideasamongteachers,andsoon.【答案】41.dates42.followed43.a44.weregiven45.institutio