7 消化系统课件

7消化系统

消化系统7消化系统Composition消化系统组成Digestivetract消化管

Mouth口腔

Pharynx咽

Esophagus食管

Stomach胃

Smallintestine小肠

Largeintestine大肠Duodenum十二指肠Jejunum空肠Ileum回肠Digestivegland消化腺：大消化腺，小消化腺Superiordigestivetube

上消化道Inferiordigestivetube

下消化道Majorsalivaryglands大唾液腺Liver肝Pancreas胰

Function:ingestion,digestion,absorption,egesting7消化系统

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

StomachDuodenumJejunumIleumLargeintestine

Liver

PancreasMajorsalivaryglands7消化系统TheEsophagus食管

Generalfeatures位置及形态

amusculartuberabout25cmlong,connectingthepharynxatlevelofC6vertebra,atlevelofT11vertebraentersthestomach.Division:Cervicalpart颈部Thoracicpart胸部Abdominalpart腹部7消化系统Threeconstrictions食管3个狭窄第一狭窄：起始部Atitsbeginning,15cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofC6,isthenarrowestpartoftheesophagus第二狭窄：

与左主支气管交叉处Whereitiscrossedbyleftmainbronchus,25cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofintervertebraldiscbetweenT4andT5.第三狭窄：穿膈处

Whereitpassesthroughtheesophagealhiatusofdiaphragm,40cmfromincisors,atlevelofT107消化系统TheStomach胃

Shape形态、分部

Twosurface两壁:anterior前壁andposterior后壁.Twocurvatures两缘Lessercurvature胃小弯

:short,concaveanddirectedtotherightandupward,Greatercurvature

胃大弯:long,convexanddirectedtotheleftanddownward.Twoopenings两口Cardia贲门Pylorus幽门7消化系统Cardiacpart贲门部Fundusofstomach胃底Bodyofstomach胃体Pyloricantrum

幽门窦Pyloriccanal幽门管Pyloricpart幽门部7消化系统Position胃的位置－Mainlypartsissituatedinthelefthypochondriacregion左季肋区,smallintheepigastricregion腹上区;7消化系统TheSmallIntestine小肠About5-7mlong,DividedintoDuodenum十二指肠

Jejunum空肠Ileum回肠DuodenumJejunumIleum7消化系统

Duodenum十二指肠Fourparts

Superiorpart上部Duodenalcap十二指肠球Superiorduodednalflexure十二指肠上曲Descendingpart降部Majorduodenalpapilla

十二指肠大乳头Minorduodenalpapilla十二指肠小乳头Inferiorduodenalflexure十二指肠下曲Horizontalpart

水平部Ascendingpart

升部duodenojejunalflexure十二指肠空肠曲7消化系统Jejunum空肠

andileum回肠

7消化系统LargeIntestine大肠

Approximately1.5mlong,Fiveparts:Cecum盲肠Vermiformappendix阑尾Colon结肠Rectum直肠

Canal肛管7消化系统Cecum盲肠Blindsac,firstpartoflargeintestine,withlargestdiameterandthinnestwallLiesinrightiliacfossaTheiliumentersthececumobliquely,andpartiallyinvaginatesintoit,formingtheileocecalvalve－consistsoftwofolds,probablydelaysflowofilealcontentsintolargeintestine7消化系统Vermiformappendix阑尾位于右髂窝，长约6-8cm。7消化系统阑尾根部体表投影（MacBurney麦氏点)右髂前上棘与脐连线的中、外1/3交点处。Surfacemarkingofthebaseisattheso-calledMcBurney’spointwhichisatjunctionoflateralandmiddlethirdsoflinejoiningrightanteriorsuperioriliacspineandumbilicus7消化系统Colon

结肠Ascendingcolon

升结肠rightcolicflexure

结肠右曲Transversecolon横结肠leftcolicflexure

Descendingcolon降结肠descendsalmostverticallyfromleftcolicflexuretosigmoidcolonatleftiliaccrest.Sigmoidcolon乙状结肠－extendsfromdescendingcolontorectumatlevelofS3.7消化系统Rectum直肠Position:withinpelviccavity,extendsfromS3topelvicdiaphragm.Curves两个弯曲：SagittalplaneSacralflexure直肠骶曲

convexbackward

Perinealflexure直肠会阴曲

convexforward.7消化系统肝Liver

7消化系统概述Introduction肝的功能:合成分泌胆汁；参与物质代谢,蛋白质、脂肪和糖；代谢解毒，药物、激素转化分解；吞噬及免疫防御；7消化系统

一、肝的形态肝呈不规则的楔形，分膈面、脏面和上下缘。（一）膈面DiaphragmaticSurfaceRightLobeofLiver肝右叶LeftLobeofLiver肝左叶镰状韧带肝圆韧带7消化系统右叶肝门肝固有动脉肝左、右管肝门静脉肝圆韧带裂静脉韧带胆囊下腔静脉左叶方叶尾状叶下缘7消化系统三、肝的体表投影肝的上界与膈的穹窿一致，肝最高点。在右侧相当于右锁骨中线与第五肋的交点处。在左侧相当于左锁骨中线与第五肋间隙的交点处，肝的下界，右侧大致与右肋弓一致，在腹上区可达剑突下３－５ｃｍ。

7消化系统7消化系统胆囊

gallbladder形态位置分部底、体、颈、管胆囊底体表投影胆囊三角(Calot三角)

7消化系统7消化系统输胆管道

BileDuct包括肝左管、肝右管、肝总管、胆囊Gallbladder与胆总管。肝左管肝右管CommonHepaticDuct肝总管Gallbladder胆囊Cysticduct胆囊管CommonBileDuct胆总管FundusofGallbladder胆囊底BodyofGallbladder胆囊体NeckofGallbladder胆囊颈HepatopancreaticAmpulla肝胰壶腹7消化系统胆汁排泄途径平时

肝肝左管、肝右管肝总管胆囊管胆囊进食

胆囊胆囊管胆总管肝胰壶腹肝肝左管、肝右管肝总管十二指肠大乳头十二指肠7