上海市2024-2025学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题(无答案 )

2024学年第一学期期末教学质量检测高一英语试卷(考试时间90分钟满分100分)I.ListeningComprehension(25%)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionsyouhaveheard.1.A.Inalibrary.B.Inabookstore.C.Inamuseum.D.Inagallery.2.A.Onlynightflightsareavailable.B.There'renoticketsfordirectflights.C.Hemissedtheflighthewanted.D.Directflightshaveallbeendelayed.3.A.Customerandtailor.B.Customerandbankclerk.C.Customerandwaitress.D.Customerandrepairman.4,A.$200.B.$250.C.$300.D.$350.5.A.Thebigone.B.Theoneontheotherside.C.Themiddleone.D.Theoneonthefarright.6A.Buyflowersthatlastlong.B.Visitapatientinthehospital.C.Growplantsinflowerpots.D.Takesomeonetohospital.7.A.Accountant.B.Secretary.C.Mechanic.D.Manager.8.A.Shehopeshecanstopreading.B.Shewillturnitoffatonce.C.Sheisreluctanttoturnitdown.D.Shethinksreadingisimportant.A.Listentofolkmusicathome.B.Shedoesn'texpecthewilllikeit.C.AppreciateadanceshowonTV.D.Gotoanexhibitionofartworks.10.A.Theelectronictoyisunique.B.Thetoyismadeofoldwood.C.Plastictoyisofpoorquality.D.Thetoyisn'tenvironment-friendly.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassage.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Question11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Admirationforone'sownappearance.B.Aneedforpopularityamonggroups.C.Aneedtobelongtoacertaingroup.D.Apureloveforphotography.12、A.Womenaremorelikelytothinkhighlyofthemselves.B.Menaremoreeagertobeseenaspopular.C.Mentendtopostselfiesmoreoften.D.Womenuseeditingsoftwaremorefrequently.13.A.Selfieshavetobeeditedbeforebeingposted.1B.Oldergenerationsonlyshareselfiesoftripsonsocialmedia.C.“Likes”don'tnecessarilymeanselfieshavebeenseen.D.Selfiesofferthesameexperienceastraditionalphotos.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Toprovidefinancialaidforstudents.B.Tofilloutapplicationformsforstudents.C.Tohelpstudentsmakethecollegeapplication.D.TocreateatopwebsiteonGoogle'ssearchengine.15.A.Thosewhodonotappearforthefirstdayofclass.B.Thosewhofailtobeadmittedtoacollege.C.Thosewhodonotpaytherequireddeposit.D.Thosewhofailtogethelpfromcollegeofficials.16.A.Byturningtooutstandingstudentsatyourhighschool.B.Byreferringtothewebsiteforinformationanytime.C.Byholdingavirtualcollegefairbythemselves.D.Bydiscussinggoodorbadexperiencewitheachother.Question17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Becauseit'shardtogetawayfromdigitalclocks.B.Becauseweallhaveourowninternalclock.C.Becauselosttimecannotbegottenback.D.Becauseweareallrunningaround.18.A.Bylookingupattheskyanddoingthemath.B.Byobservingthevaryingpositionofheavenlybodies.C.Byinventingtime-keepingmachines.D.Byestimatingthetemperatureindifferenttimesofaday.19.A.Toavoidtheseasonaldisaster.B.Toknowwhentorain.C.Tohelpimprovefarming.D.Tofigureoutwhentoharvestcrops.20.A.Limitingwhatwedostrictly.B.Damagingwhatwedo.C.Affectingourqualityoflife.D.Influencingourworkslightly.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(10%)Directions:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.21You'dbetterfindoutwhentheplaneatthebookingoffice.A.willtakeoffB.hastakenoffC.tookoffD.takesoff22.Withtheadvancementofbiotechnology,variouskindsofgenetically-modifiedfoodavailabletothegeneralpublicatreasonableprices.A.havemadeitB.havebeenmadeC.hasmadeD.ismaking23Theyoungscientisthasmadesuchgreatachievementsinhischosenfieldnobodyelsecanmake.A.thatB.asC.whichD.where24.It'sreallyexcitingtoknowthatthecigarettefactoryIampayingavisittoistheplace2mymotherusedtoworkmanyyearsago.A.where,whereB.where,whichC.which,whereD.that,which25.-Whydoyoulooksoupset,Henry?-Mydictionary.Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstillit.A.haslost;don'tfindB.hasbeenmissing;don'tfindC.islost;didn'tfindD.ismissing;haven'tfound26.Thebabyisgenerallyhealthythankstotheintensivecareofhealthprofessionals,andyeteverynowandthenheacold.A.hascaughtB.iscatchingC.willcatchD.catches27.Guesswhat!Icameacrossmyprimaryschoolscienceteacheronthestreetthismorning,IhavebeenoutoftouchsinceIgraduated.A.whoB.whenC.withwhomD.onwhich28.CharacterizedbyblamingexternalcircumstancesandmısrepresentingKeyfacts,histojustifyhisbehavioursnotonlyfailedinconvincingtheaudiencebutalsoraisedfurtherdoubtsregardinghisintegrity.A.attemptB.appealC.initiativeD.desire29.Whilemanyviewedhisaccountasmerenønsense,thevideoevidencematchinghisstatementsreliabilitytohisclaims,andthusultimatelyprovedhisinnocenceinthecontroversialcase.A.contributedB.adaedC.devotedD.credited30.Thoughbeinginitiallydoubtful,somemembersoftheboarddecidedtofundthestartupasthediligenceandcreativitytheteamdisplayedduringthepresentationthem.A.impressedB.capturedC.recommendedD.rescuedSectionB(10%)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Potassiumsorbate(山梨酸钾)isatastelesssalt,primarilyknownforitsroleasapreservative(防腐剂)infoodanddrinks.Researchershavespentthelast50yearsstudyingpotassiumsorbateasafoodpreservative,andtheirfindings31(confirm)itssafety.Thispreservativeiscommonlyfoundinavarietyoffoodanddrinks,includingbakedgoods,cannedfruitandyogurt.32makespotassiumsorbatesopopularisthatitdoesnotchangeaproduct'staste,smell,orappearance.Inaddition,thepreservativedissolveseasilyinwater,33allowsittoworkeffectivelyatroomtemperature.34food,thischemicalisusedinpersonalcareitemsasanantimicrobial(抗菌剂)andpreservative.Itisalsoapprovedforuseincatanddogfood,aswellasinotheranimalfeed.TheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority(EFSA),labelspotassiumsorbateas“generallyregardedassafe”35itdoesnotbuildupinthebodywhenconsumed.Instead,itissimplybrokendownintowaterandcarbondioxide.Whilenormaldietaryintakeisconsideredsafe,veryhighdosesmayraiseconcerns.In2015,theEFSAsetatemporaryacceptabledailyintakeof3mgperkgofbodyweightperday.Thislimit.(untroduce)inresponsetoconcernsregardingdevelopmentalissuesseeninanimalstudies.Inexperiments,rats37(give)300mgperkgperdayshowedtoharmfuleffects.TheEFSAthussetastandardwhichis100timeslowerforhumansafety.3Althoughitisnotpoisonousin38,potassiumsorbateaddedtofoodcansometimesbepollutedwithharmfulsubstanceslikeheavymetalduringproduction,39presencecanleadtohealthrisks.Thus,it'sagoodideatoreadthelabelscarefullywhenyouarehesitatingtochoosefood.Youmightalsoconsider40(reduce)yourintakeofprocessedfoodstoloweryourexposuretotheseadditives.SectionC(10%)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.admirableB.alikeC.captureD.downsidesE.eagerF.independentlyG.preserveH.recommendationsI.responsiblyJ.shapeK.uncoverYoutharebringingcitiestolifeAnewmarketingtrendhasariseninChina,drivingcrowdstoplacesrecommendedonsocialmediabyyoungadventurers.Theseexplorersnotonly41hiddengemsbutalsohelptoputthemonthemap.Youngpeoplearenaturalexplorers,buttheirtruepowerliesinhowtheysharetheirexperiences.Whentheydiscoversomethingexciting,liketheperfectdumplingorabreathtakingmountainview,theydon'tkeepittothemselves.Instead,they42itandpostitonsocialmedia,whereitcancreatearippleeffect.Vividdescriptions,mouth-wateringfoodshots,orsnippetsofadventuresinspirefollowers,leavingthem43toexperiencetheseplacesfirst-hand.Lesser-knowncitiesthusbecomeovernightsensations,andoncequietlocationsarequicklyabuzzwithvisitors.Thistrendcreatesgreatopportunitiesforcitiesandtravellers44That'sthepowerapost,pictureorvideoonsocialmediacanhave.Manyyoungtravellersnowplantripsentirelybasedon45fromplatformslikeXiaohongshuorDouyin.Theysearchforthecoolestspots,thebesteatsandthemostbeautifulbackdrops.However,withgreatpowercomesgreatresponsibility.Whilethepassionofyouthis46,italsobringschallenges.Trafficjams,safetyrisks,andpressureonbike-sharingserviceshaveallhighlightedthe47ofuncheckedenthusiasm.Thisservesasareminderthatviraltrendsneedtobemanagedthoughtfully.Byusingsocialmediawisely—sharing48,respectinglocalcommunitiesandthinkingahead—ourintrepid(无畏的)adventurerscandrivepositivechange.Theirpostscan·breathenewlifeintohiddendestinations,turningthemintoculturalhotspotswhilehelpingto49whatmakesthemspecial.Withcreativityandcare,theseunexpectedsocialmediamarketerscan50thefutureoftravel,oneclick,likeandshareatatime.III.ReadingComprehension:SectionA(15%)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.4Coverlettersarenolongerimportant?Coverlettersseemlikealostartwhenitcomestoapplyingforjobsinthisdigitalworld.Theyarebecominglessofa51andmoreofanoption.52applicationprocessesmakeiteasierformanycandidatestoapply,whichsometimesmeansmanymoreapplicationsneedtobesortedthroughberaredecisionsaremade.Thismaybeareasonwhyacoverletterdoesn'tholdthesamevalueitusedtoandjobseekersinmanycasesare53it.“Onlyasmallpercentageofapplicationswereceiveincludecoverletters,perhaps10percent,”saysTracyMcShane-Wilson,executivedirectoroftalentacquisitionatGrantThorntonLLP,aUS-basedaccountingfirm.54,thosewhoomitacoverletter,ordeliveronewithanobviouslyhalfheartedeffort,couldbe55anopportunitytosetthemselvesapartfromthecrowd.“Youcangenerallytellwhenacandidateisvery56aboutaparticularpositionortheorganization,ashewilltakemoretimetostudyandthenexpresswhytheroleororganizationfitswellwithinhisownprofessionalgoalandpassioninacoverletter,”saysValerieKeels,headofD.C.OfficeServicesforGavi,TheVaccineAlliance.Awell-writtencoverlettercouldbethe57betweengettingyourfootinthedoorandgettingtheresponseletterfromacompanytellingyouthatthoseinchargeofhiringare58withyourqualificationsbuthavedecidedtopursueothercandidatesatthistime.“Thenumberofapplicantshasincreasedsignificantlyovertime,duetothegreater59ofinformationaboutopenrolesthroughjobsitesandsocialmedia,”saysWilson.Giventheamountofcompetition,sheandotherhiringmanagerssayputtingalittleeffortintocomposingathoughtfulcoverlettercouldgoalongway.Forone,ittellsahiringmanagerhowinterestedyouareinthepositionyou'reapplyingfor.“Ifyouarethetypeofpersonthatis60engagedandtakesthetimetowriteacoverletter,thenyou'reprobablyalsothetypeofpersonthatcaresaboutmakingsurethatitiswell-written,informativeand61,”explainsWilson.Includingacoverletteralsotellsalotaboutacandidate'smostbasiccommunicationskills.AndreaAlaimoisthedirectorofhumanresourcesatUS-basedlogisticsfirmRedwoodLogistics.Shepointsoutthat62sheisnottheonlypersoninvolvedinthehiringprocess,andthusnottheonlyone63havetoimpressiftheywanttomakeittothenextroundofthehiringprocess.“Intheend,eachhiringmanager64howimportantmasteryofthewrittenwordisfortheroletheyareseekingtofill,butconfirminggoodwrittencommunicationskillscanonlyhelpourreviewofaperson'stotalcommunicationskills,fromtraditionalwritingskillstotoday's65communicationmethods,”shesays.51.A.benefitB.opportunityC.requirementD.burden52.A.FormalB.ElectronicC.BasicD.Traditional53.'A.distrustingB.evaluatingC.recommendingD.neglecting54.A.HoweverB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Besides555.A.holdingontoB.puttingasideC.missingoutonD.benefitingfrom56.A.particularB.passionateC.anxiousD.modest57.A.differenceB.comparisonC.balanceD.connection58.A.impressedB.surroundedC.disappointedD.associated59.A.qualityB.availabilityC.reliabilityD.function60A.currentlyB.definitelyC.regularlyD.fully61.A.persuasiveB.amusingC.familiarD.original62.A.graduallyB.normallyC.legallyD.temporarily63.A.employeesB.managersC.candidatesD.companies64A.introducesB.determinesC.imaginesD.emphasizes65.A.self-centeredB.creativity-inspiredC.technology-basedD.emotion-drivenSectionB(32%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Inwinter,Harnmerfestisathirty-hourridebybusfromOslo,thoughwhyanyonewouldwanttogothereinwinterisaquestionworthconsidering.Itisontheedgeoftheworld,thenorthernmosttowninEurope,asfarfromLondonasLondonisfromTunis,aplaceofdarkandfiercewinters,wherethesunsinksintotheArcticOceaninNovemberanddoesnotriseagainfortenweeks.IwantedtoseetheNorthernLights.BusnowasIpickedmywaythroughOstoinlateDecember,Iwasbeginningtohavemydoubts.Thingshadnotstartedwell.Ihadoversleptatthehotel,missingbreakfast,andhadtoleapintomyclothes.Icouldn'tfindataxiandhadtodragmyoverweightbageightblockstothecentralbusstation.IhadhadhugedifficultypersuadingthestaffattheKreditkassenBankonKarlJohansGatetocashsufficienttraveler'schequestopaythe1,200-kronerbusfare—theysimplycouldnotbemadetograspthattheWilliamMcGuireBrysononmypassportandtheBillBrvsononmytraveler'schequeswerebothme—andnowhereIwasarrivingatthestation.twominutesbeforedeparture,andthegirlattheticketcounterwastellingmethatshehadnorecordofmyreservation.“Thisisn'thappening,”Isaid.“I'mstillathomeinEnglandenjoyingChristmas.”Actually,Isaid,“Theremustbesomemistake.Pleaselookagain.”Thegirlstudiedthepassengerlist.“No,Mr.Bryson,yournameisnothere.”ButIcouldseeit,evenupside-down.“Thereitis,secondfromthebottom.”“No,”thegirldecided,“thatsaysBerntBjornson.That'saNorwegianname.”“Itdoesn'tsayBerntBjornson.ItsaysBillBryson.Lookatthey,thetwol's.Miss,please,”6Butshewouldn'thaveit.“IfImissthisbus,whendoesthenextonego?”“Nextweekatthesametime.”Oh,splendid.“Miss,believeme,itsaysBillBryson.”“No,itdoesn't.”“Miss,look,I'vecomefromEngland.I'mcarryingsomemedicinethatcouldsaveachild'slife.”Shedidn'tbuythis.“Iwanttoseethemanager.”“He'sinStavanger.”“Listen,Imadeareservationbytelephone.IfIdon'tgetonthisbus,I'mgoingtowritealettertoyourmanagerthatwillcastashadowoveryourcareerprospectsfortherestofthiscentury.”Thisclearlydidnotalarmher.Thenitoccurredtome.“IfthisBerntBjornsondoesn'tshowup,canIhavethisseat?”“Sure.”Whydon'tIthinkofthesethingsinthefirstplace?“Thankyou,”Isaid.66.WhatcanbelearnedfromthepassageaboutHammerfest?A.ItislocatedintheSouthofthecityofOslo.B.ItiswheretheNorthernLightscanbeseenC.Itisknownasatownwithoutsufficientpowersupply.D.ItremainsinthedarknessfromNovembertillnextMarch.67.Thewritergottothestationjusttwominutesbeforethetraindepartedbecausehespentmuchtime.A.cashinghistraveler'schequesB.packingeverythingintohisluggageC.waitingforataxitosendhimthereD.choosingsuitableclothestowear68.By“Oh,splendid”,thewritermeantthatheactuallyfelt.A.puzzledB.amazedC.worriedD.relieved69.Whydidthewritersayhewascarryingsomemedicineandhewouldwritetothemanager?A.Totellthegirlwhathereallywantedtodo.B.Toshowthegirlhowangryhewaswithher.C.Towarnthegirlofthepotentialconsequences.D.Topersuadethegirltoallowhimontothebus.(B)7DanBilskerPhD(IeadAuthor)DanisaelinicalpsychologistwhoworksatVancouverGeneralHospitalandconsultstoamentalhealthresearchgroupattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.E.JaneGarlandM.D.,F.R.C.P.(C)JaneisapsychiatristwithaMood/AnxietyDisordersClinicwhodoesresearchattheUniversityofBritishColumbiaonthetreatmentofmoodproblemsDavidisaclinicalpsychologistworkinginprivatepracticeinVancouver.DavidWorlingPhDMervGilbertPhDMervisaclinicalpsychologistworkingatBritishColumbia'sChildren'sHospitalandinprivatepracticeinVancouver.E.JaneGarlandM.D.,F.R.C.P.(C)JaneisapsychiatristwithaMood/AnxietyDisordersClinicwhodoesresearchattheUniversityofBritishColumbiaonthetreatmentofmoodproblemsDavidisaclinicalpsychologistworkinginprivatepracticeinVancouver.DavidWorlingPhDMervGilbertPhDMervisaclinicalpsychologistworkingatBritishColumbia'sChildren'sHospitalandinprivatepracticeinVancouver.DealingwithDepressionisbasedontheexperienceoftheauthorsandonscientificresearchaboutwhichstrategiesworkbestinovercomingdepression.Also,becausestrategiesusefulforadultsmaynotbeusefulforadolescents,depressedandnon-depressedteenshelpedinthedevelopmentofthisguide.DealingwithDepressionisintendedfor:*teenswithdepressedmood*concernedadultswhowanttohelpadepressedteen*otherteenswhowanttohelpafriendorfamilymemberThisguideismeanttoprovideteenswithaccurateinformationaboutdepression.Itisnotapsychologicalormedicaltreatment,andisnotareplacementfortreatmentwherethisisneeded.Ifexpertassistanceortreatmentisneeded,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought.FundingforthisguideisprovidedbytheMentalHealthEvaluation&CommunityConsultationUnit(MHECCU)ofTheUniversityofBritishColumbiathroughagrantbytheMinistryofChildrenandFamilyDevelopment,aspartoftheprovincialChildandYouthMentalHealthPlan70.Accordingtothepassage,DealingwithDepressionistargetedat.A.researchesondepressionB.clinicalpsychologistsgivingtreatmentC.adultswithdepressedmoodD.teenagersconcernedwithmoodproblems871.Thefourcartoonfiguresare.A.professionalsatuniversitiesB.nativesofBritishColumbiaC.amateurclinicalpsychologistsD.co-authorsofDealingwithDepression72.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Depressedteensprovideaccurateinformationaboutdepression.B.Competentprofessionalswillcometoprovideservicesifneeded.C.DealingwithDepressionreceivesgovernmentfinancialsupport.D.DealingwithDepressionoffersexpertassistanceandtreatment.73.Afterreadingthispage,wecanconcludethatitisprobably.A.anadvertisementformedicineB.anintroductionofaguidebookC.acartoonaboutpsychologistsD.anintroductionofahealthplan(C)It'sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloff,andwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isayyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat'sthepointifyoucan'tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecession(经济衰退)meansnoargumentnextyear——wejustwon'tgo.Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.Formanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholiday.AYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.What'slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecession—financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.Recentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.Disputeswerecharacterizedbyintenseverbal(言语上的)aggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolved,andmademen,morethanwomen,extremelyangry.KimStephenson,anoccupationalpsychologist,believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolizes,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen.“Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedifferentideasofwhatit'sfor,”heexplains.“They’llsayit'stosave,tospend,forsecurity,forfreedom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethem.”Hesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthatthey'veachievedsomething.“Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowswhat'sgoingonwiththeirfinances,buttheydon't.Thereseemstobemoreofataboo(禁忌)abouttalkingaboutmoneythanaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyou'redoing,who'spayingwhatintothejointaccountandhowmuchyoukeepseparately.Inahealthyrelationship,youdon'thavetoagreeaboutmoney,butyouhavetotalkaboutit.”74.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutvacationing?A.Peopleenjoyitailthemoreauringarecession.B.Fewpeoplecanafforditwithoutworkinghard.C.Itisthechiefcauseoffamilydisputes.D.Itmakesallthehardworkworthwhile.75.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“moneyisknown...tobringarelationshiptoitsknees”(Line1,Para.2)?A.Moneyisconsideredtobetherootofallevils.B.Disputesovermoneymayruinarelationship.9C.Fewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoney.D.Somepeoplesacrificetheirdignityformoney.76.TheYouGovpollof2,000peopleindicatesthatinarecession.A.couplesshowmoreconcernforeachotherB.itismoreexpensiveforcouplestosplitupC.conflictsbetweencouplestendtoriseD.divorceandseparationratesincrease77.Theauthorsuggestsattheendofthepassagethatcouplesshould.A.puttheirmoneytogetherinsteadofkeepingitseparatelyB.makeeffortstoreachanagreementontheirfamilybudgetsC.discussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationshipD.avoidarguingaboutmoneymatterstoremainromantic(D)Parentingtipsobtainedfromhunter-gatherersinAfricamaybethekeytobringingupmorechildren,researchershavesuggested.TheideaisbasedonstudiesofcommunitiessuchastheKungofBotswanawhereeachchildiscaredofbymanyadults.Kungchildrenasyoungasfourwillhelptolookafteryoungeronesand“baby-wearing”,inwhichinfantsarecarriedinslings(婴儿背带)isconsideredthenorm.AccordingtoDr.NikhilChaudhary,anevolutionaryanthropologistatCambridgeUniversity,thesepractices,knownasalloparenting,couldleadtolessanxietyforchildrenandparents.Dr.AnnieSwanepoel,achildpsychiatrist,believesthattherearewaystoincorporatethemintowesternlife.InGermany,oneschemehaspairedanoldpeople'shomewithanursery.Theresidentshelptolookafterthechildren,anarrangementsimilartoalloparenting.Anothermeasurecouldbeencouragingfriendshipsbetweenchildrenindifferentschoolyearstomirrortheunsupervisedmixed-ageplaygroupsinhunter-gatherercommunities.InapaperpublishedintheJournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiatry,researcherssaidthatthewesternnuclearfamilywasarecentinventionwhichbrokewithevolutionaryhistory.Thissuddenshifttoan“intensivemotheringnarrative”whichsuggeststhatmothersshouldmanagechildc