2021成都市高考英语阅读理解专题选练及答案3

阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文话题：公民科学时间：7分钟Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearch­relatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.AnexampleofcitizenscienceisaprojectcalledProjectBudBurst.Overthepastsixgrowingseasons，ProjectBudBursthasusedthousandsofvolunteerobservers.Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit.Theobservationsgointoahugedatabase.Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.ProjectdirectorSandraHendersonsaysparticipatorysciencelikethisisanideathatisgrowingquickly.Forexample，peoplewhoenjoyastronomycanobservechangesinthebrightnessofastar.PeoplecanexaminesatelliteimagesofEarthtolookforsiteswherearcheologistsmightfindthelosttombofGenghisKhan，theMongolianwarriorandruler.Orsomeoneinterestedinorcawhalescanlistentounderwatermicrophonesandletresearchersknowwhenthewhalesarepresent.ThousandsofAmericansandCanadiansvolunteeredtocountbirdsthispastmigrationseasonaspartofProjectFeederWatch.Anotherareawherecitizensciencehasgrownisintestingwater.AmandaBrunercoordinatesSoundCitizen，aprojectbasedattheUniversityofWashingtoncampusinTacoma.ItkeepstrackofpollutantsinPugetSound.Somepeople，includingscientists，stillquestionwhetheraveragecitizenscancollectreliabledata.Newdigitaltoolscanhelpsettlequestionsaboutdataquality，andmakeiteasierforpeopletotakepartincitizenscience.Publichealthresearchisanotherareawhereaveragecitizensaregettinginvolved—insomecases，whetherresearcherslikeitornot.Theideaisforthepublictohaveavoiceinhowpublichealthstudiesaredone.Thereisevenasayingforthiskindofactivism：“Nomoreresearchaboutuswithoutus.”【语篇导读】本文属于科普类说明文，主要介绍了公民科学的含义以及人们对它的看法。1．Whoaretheparticipantsinvolvedincitizenscience?A．Professionalscientistswhohaveretired.B．Thepublicshowinginterestinsomescienceprojects.C．Citizenswhohavespecificscientifictraining.D．Studentswantingtobescientists.解析细节理解题。依据文章内容可知，公民科学的参与者是对一些科学项目有爱好的民众，他们中很多人并没有接受过特定的培训。故B项正确。答案B2．Accordingtothepassage，ifyouareinterestedinplants，youmaytakepartin______.A．ProjectBudBurstB．ProjectFeederWatchC．SoundCitizenD．publichealthresearch解析细节理解题。依据其次段中的“Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit...Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.”可知答案为A。答案A3．FromParagraph3，wecaninferthat______.A．citizensciencedevelopsquicklyandincludesmanyfieldsB．thereisnoneedforprofessionalscientiststodoresearchC．observationistheonlymethodtodocitizenscienceD．citizensciencehasgrownintestingwater解析推理推断题。依据其次段末尾句和第三段所述内容可推知，citizenscience进展快速且所涉领域很广，故A项正确。D属于明示信息，不属于推论。答案A4．Whatcanhelpgetreliabledataincitizenscience?A．Specificscientifictraining.B．Moreparticipationofthepublic.C．Greatersocialsupport.D．Newdigitaltools.解析细节理解题。依据倒数其次段最终一句“Newdigitaltoolscanhelp...takepartincitizenscience.”可知答案为D。答案D【长难句解读】原文Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearch­relatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.译文公民科学用于指那些处理科学工作的工程或持续进行的项目，参与其中的是一些个人志愿者或志愿者群体，他们中很多人可能没有经过特定的科学训练，而执行或者管理与科学争辩有关的一些任务，如观看、测量或计算。分析定语从句“inwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers...orcomputation”为限制性定语从句，修饰“projectsorongoingprogramsofscientificwork”，这确定语从句的主语“individualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers”又被manyofwhom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰。阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【广东省2022届高三考前冲刺卷(七)】APlantsthatliveintherainforesthaveadaptedinamazingwaystoseveralverydifficultconditions.Thismeansthattheplanthaschangedsomethinginits“body”or“habits”tomakeiteasiertosurviveindifficultconditions.Thereareseveralconditionstheyhavehadtoadaptto.First，thesoiloftheforestfloorisshallow.Also，thesoiloftherainforestisnotveryrich，oreasytogrowin.Nextistheproblemofveryheavyrainwhichcontinuesoveralargepartoftheyear.Finally，manyplantsoftherainforestarefoodforanimalsthatlivethere.Thebiggestproblemthatrainforestplantshavetoadapttoisthelackofsunlightintherainforest’slowerlevels.Plantshaveadaptedtothisprobleminseveralways.Manyplantshaveverylargeleaves.Thelargeleafishelpfulbecauseithasabiggersurfacearea.Thebiggersurfaceareaaleafhas，themoresunlightitcanabsorb.Thecanopytreesadaptbygrowingtobe100feettallsothattheirleavescangraballavailablesunlight.Otherplantscalledlianas(climbingwoodyvines)haveadaptedbyrootingthemselvesinthesoiloftheforestfloorandgrowingupthetreesuntiltheyreachthecanopylayer.Stillotherplants，suchasepiphytes，haveadaptedbygrowingdirectlyonthetrees’trunksandbranchesinthecanopyandunderstorylayersoftherainforest.Anadaptationtothelargeamountsofrainfallthatmanyrainforestplantshaveiscalled“driptips”．Theirleavesaretapered(渐渐变细)toasharppointattheend.Thisallowswatertorunofftheleafquickly.Therearemanyotheradaptationsthatrainforestplantshavemadetotheirenvironment.Thesewillbediscussedindetail，asweinvestigatetheplantsoftherainforest!26．Whichofthefollowingisadifficultythattherainforestplantshavetoface?A．Changesintheir“body”or“habits”．B．Soilthatisnotverydeep.C．Epiphytesthatgrowontrees’trunks.D．Theworseningofthenaturalenvironment.27．Howdolianasadapttotheenvironmentintherainforest?A．Theygrowunderbigleavesforprotection.B．Theyrelyonotherplantstoreachthecanopylayer.C．Theychangetheirleafstructureconstantly.D．Theygrowonotherplants’branches.28．Theunderlinedword“This”inParagraph3probablyrefersto________.A．thetake­inofsunlightB．thelargeamountsofrainfallC．theleaves’havingasharppointattheendD．water’srunningofftheleavesquickly29．Whatcanbeinferredaboutrainforestplants?A．Theyhavetofacedangersnotonlyfromanimalsbutalsofromeachother.B．Toolittlesunlightandtoomuchwaterarethebiggestproblemstheyface.C．Differentkindsofplantshavedifferentwaystoabsorbsunlight.D．Alloftheiradaptationshavebeeninvestigatedindetail.30．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．HowdoPlantsAdapttotheRainforests?B．WhydoPlantsChangeThemselves?C．WhatKindofPlantsIstheMostAdaptable?D．WhatIstheBestPlaceforPlantstoLivein?26．B[细节理解题。依据第一段的“First，thesoiloftheforestfloorisshallow.”，可知B为答案。]27．B[细节理解题。依据其次段的“Otherplantscalledlianas...growingupthetreesuntiltheyreachthecanopylayer.”可知答案为B。]28．C[词义猜想题。this指代的是前面提到的“Theirleavesaretaperedtoasharppointattheend.”。D项是转变后的结果。]29．C[推理推断题。依据其次段的“Plantshaveadaptedtothisprobleminseveralways.”及后来列举的不同植物的适应方法可推出C为正确答案。]30．A[主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了热带雨林中一些植物是如何适应那里困难的生存条件的。]【广东省2022届高三考前冲刺卷(七)】BSomepeoplemakeyoufeelcomfortablewhentheyarearound.Youspendanhourwiththemandfeelasifyouhaveknownthemhalfyourlife.Thesepeoplehavesomethingincommon.Andonceweknowwhatitis，wecantrytodoitourselves.Howisitdone?Hereareseveralskillsthatgoodtalkershave.Ifyoufollowtheskills，they’llhelpyouputpeopleattheirease，andmakefriendswiththemquickly.Firstofall，goodtalkersaskquestions.Almostanyone，nomatterhowshyheis，willansweraquestion.Onewell­knownbusinesswomansays，“Atbusinesslunches，Ialwaysaskpeoplewhattheydidthatmorning.It’sacommonquestion，butitwillgetthingsgoing.”Fromthereyoucanmoveontoothermatters—sometimestoreallypersonalquestions.Andhowheanswerswillletyouknowhowfaryoucango.Second，oncegoodtalkershaveaskedquestions，theylistentotheanswers.Thispointseemsclear，butitisn’t.Yourquestionsshouldhaveapointandhelptotellwhatsortofpersonyouaretalkingto.Andtofindout，youreallyhavetolistencarefullyandattentively.Reallisteningatleastmeanssomethings.Firstitmeansnottochangethesubjectofconversation.Ifsomeonestickstoonetopic，youcantakeitasafactthathe’sreallyinterestedinit.Reallisteningalsomeansnotjustlisteningtowords，buttotonesofvoice.Ifthevoicesoundsdull，then，it’stimeforyoutochangethesubject.Finally，goodtalkersknowwellhowtodealwiththeoccasionofparting.Ifyou’resayinggoodbye，youmaygivehimafirmhandshakeandsay，“I’vereallyenjoyedmeetingyou.”Ifyouwanttoseethatpersonagain，don’tkeepitasecret.Letpeopleknowwhatyoufeel，andtheymaywalkawayfeelingasifthey’veknownyouhalftheirlife.31．Askingquestionsmightbeaquitegoodandsuitableway________.A．foryoutomakemoreandmorenewfriendsB．tobeginyourbusinesstalksC．togettheconversationgoingsmoothlyD．foryoutomakeadeepandlastingimpressiononothers32．Afterhavingaskedsomebodyaquestion，it’llbepoliteofyouto________.A．makeclearwhatkindofpersonheisB．listentohisreplyattentivelyC．waitquietlyandpatientlyforhisanswerD．goonaskinghimmorequestions33．Generallyspeaking，goodtalkersarepeoplewho______.A．aregoodatmakinganytopicinterestingB．nevertalktoomuchortoolittleC．alwaysspeakinagentlewayD．knowhowandwhentheyshouldchangethetopicofthetalk34．Ifyoureallytakedelightinmeetingsomeoneagain，______.A．youmaytakehimasyourlifelongtrustworthyfriendB．itseemsnecessaryforyoutolethimknowitC．it’sproperforyoutogivehimasecondhandshakeD．it’llbehelpfulforyoutohavefurtherunderstandingofhim35．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howtomakepeoplecomfortable.B．Howtobeagoodtalker.C．Howtomakepeopleateasebytalking.D．Howtofindsuitabletopicstotalk.31．C[推理推断题。从第三段倒数其次句“Fromthereyoucanmoveontoothermatters—sometimestoreallypersonalquestions.”可知问问题可以使谈话自然进行下去，故答案为C项。]32．B[细节理解题。从第四段最终一句“Andtofindout，youreallyhavetolistencarefullyandattentively.”可知B项正确。]33．D[细节理解题。从第五段最终两句“Reallisteningalsomeansnotjustlisteningtowords，buttotonesofvoice.Ifthevoicesoundsdull，then，it’stimeforyoutochangethesubject.”可知D项正确。]34．B[细节理解题。从最终一段第三句“Ifyouwanttoseethatpersonagain，don’tkeepitasecret.”可知B项正确。]35．C[主旨大意题。本文是说明文，第一、其次两段是主题段。归纳可知答案为C项。]阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The$11billionself–helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike“Ineverdoanythingright”intopositiveoneslike“Icansucceed.”ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplystresshowunhappytheyare.Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveistoopositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourstupidfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofInthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students’self-respect.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."Thosewithlowself-respectdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation(自我确定).Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(心理治疗)thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Instead,meditation(静思)techniquescanteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticway.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.41.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?A.ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.B.Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.C.Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.D.Ithasprovidedpositiveresults.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。原文定位于首段第一句“The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike“Ineverdoanythingright”intopositiveoneslike“Icansucceed.”选项中的basedon与文中的builton同义。42.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?A.Therecanbenosimpletreatmentforpsychologicalproblems.B.Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.C.Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.D.Encouragingpositivethinkingmaydomoreharmthangood.【答案】D【解析】原文定位为其次段：“ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhaveoppositeeffect;”之后，作者在下一段又再次强调了这一观点“olderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.”causeofatragedy与选项中的causeofthecrash全都。抓住关键词“oppositeeffect；feelworse,notbetter”，答案即