第10讲-Unit4词汇和完形填空(外研版2019选择必修1)(解析版)

第10讲Unit4Meetingthemuse提前预习新外研版选择必修一Unit4的词汇和阅读掌握高二阅读长难句分析方法和完形填空（记叙文）解题方法一．重点词汇学习1.quoten.2.floatv.3.folkadj.4.talen.5.motionn.6.composev.7.crouch8.peacock9.princess10.ethnic11.abstractadj.12.wiren.13.cablen.14.awe-inspiring15.innovationn.16.innovativeadj.17.trend18.contrastn.19.Greek20.appreciatev.21.worthy22.techniciann.23.literally24.animationn.25.dawnn.26.probevt.27.distinctadj..28.descendv.29.concludev.30.delightfuladj.31.literary32.relish重点词汇答案见教材词汇表重点短语1．ondisplay在展览2．cometolife苏醒过来；活跃起来；变得生动有趣3．avarietyof各种各样的4．label...as把……称为5．soasto为了6．bringout使显现；阐明；出版；说出7．betiredfrom(doing)sth因(做)某事而感到疲倦8．beworthdoingsth值得做某事9．cometoone'smind出现在某人脑海里，被想到10．lightup点亮，照亮；(使)流露出喜悦11．set...inmotion使……开始12．ratherthan而不是13．queueup排队14．beunfamiliarwith与……不熟悉；对……不了解15．forsure肯定地考点1：composev．作(曲)；组成，构成；使平静要点归纳(1)becomposedof＝bemadeupof＝consistof由……组成composeoneself使某人镇定(2)composern.作曲家compositionn.组成，构成；创作，作曲；作文，作品例1．【单句填空】(1)Shereworkedalotofhercompositions(compose)tomakethemmoredanceableproducts.(2)Itwasthefortiethanniversaryofthedeathofthecomposer(compose)．(3)Pleasecomposeyourself/yourselves(you);there'snoneedtogetexcited!一句多译这部新剧由四个部分组成，每个部分都很精彩。(4)Thenewplayiscomposedoffourparts,eachofwhichisveryfascinating.(5)Thenewplayismadeupoffourparts,eachofwhichisveryfascinating.(6)Thenewplayconsistsoffourparts,eachofwhichisveryfascinating.考点2：contrastn．反差，对比v．对比，对照要点归纳(1)incontrastwith/to与……相比(对照)bycontrast与……相反；相比之下(相当于副词)(2)contrastwith与……形成对照contrast...with/and...把……与……相对比(3)contrastingadj.(在式样、颜色或态度上)极不相同的，迥异的例2．【单句填空】(1)Contrastfreshwith/andfrozenvegetablesandyou'llfindthefreshonestastebetter.(2)Mostpeopleworkbecauseit'sunavoidable.Bycontrast,therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork.(3)Thiscoldweathercontrastswithlastweek'sheat.(4)Theyholdcontrasting(contrast)viewsonwhethertobuythehouseornot.补全句子(5)Incontrastwith/tohisbrother,Peterisrathertall.与他的哥哥相比，彼得的个子相当高。考点3：distinctadj.清晰的；明显不同的要点归纳(1)distinctlyadv.明显地；无疑地，确实地(2)distinctionn.区别；差别；特性；荣誉，奖赏(3)distinguishv.区分；辨别；使杰出，使表现突出distinguish...from...显示出特性；将……与……区别开(4)distinguishedadj.著名的；卓著的；高贵的distinguishingadj.有区别的distinguishableadj.可区别的；辨认得出的；可辨识的例3【单句填空】(1)Butthetruthisthatdogsareabletodistinguish(distinguish)coloursjustnotinthesamewaywedo.(2)Theseanimalshaveadistinct(distinction)abilityofprotectingthemselvesfrombeingextinct.(3)Iamsopuzzledaboutthingsthataredistinctly(distinct)shiny.(4)Whatdoeshemeanintermsofthisdistinction(distinct)?补全句子(5)Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.他们甚至能分辨出自己母亲和陌生女性的声音。考点4：passdown把……一代传一代，使流传要点归纳passaway去世passby经过(……旁边)；通过passout昏迷，失去知觉passup放过，放弃，错过(邀请、机会等)例4【单句填空】(1)Ithinkitwouldbeagreatpitytopassuptheopportunitytobeadmittedwithouttakingtheexam.(2)InoticedthegirlwascryingwhenIpassedbyjustnow.(3)Hewasbornin1921andpassedawaypeacefullyattheageof90in2011.(4)Shepassedoutwhensheheardthebadnews.补全句子(5)Thetraditionhasbeenpasseddownforhundredsofyears.这个传统已经传承了几百年了。考点5：cometolife苏醒过来；活跃起来；变得生动有趣要点归纳(1)cometo(oneself)苏醒过来comebacktolife苏醒过来；复活whenitcomesto...当谈及……(2)bringsth(back)tolife使……生动；使……恢复生机例5【单句填空】写出下面句中黑体部分的含义/单句语法填空(1)Whenthechildrenheardthattheirteachercametolife,thewholeclasscametolifeatonce.苏醒过来；活跃起来(2)Whenitcomestoeducation,themajorityofpeoplebelievethateducationisalifetimestudy.(3)Aftertheearthquake,thegovernmenttrieditsbesttobringthevillagebacktolife.补全句子(4)Themomentwelearntthatwewouldtakepartinthefarmworkprogramme,weallcametolife.得知我们将参加农场活动时，我们都活跃起来。考点6：bringout使显现；阐明；出版；说出要点归纳bringup养育；抚养；提出bringsthback使某物恢复；带回某物；使想起某事bringdown降低；使倒下bringin引入；赚(钱)bringabout导致；引起例6【单句填空】用bring的相关短语填空(1)(2020·天津卷)Thecompanyiswillingtobringinthenewtechnologyifitcanbeshowntoreduceproductioncosts.(2)Iwasn'tgoingtotalkaboutmoney,butsinceitwasbroughtup,Ithinkit'ssomethingweshouldreallydiscuss.(3)Thekindnessofstrangershasdonemuchtobringbackmyfaithinhumanity.(4)TheInternethasbroughtaboutbigchangesinthewaywework.补全句子(5)WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahasbroughtoutthebestinherasadoctor.在非洲与医疗队的合作使她成为一名优秀的医生。考点7：lightup点亮，照亮；(使)流露出喜悦要点归纳(1)lighton/upon偶然遇见，偶尔发现(2)cometolight为人所知bringsthtolight揭露cast/throwlighton使(问题等)较容易理解例7【单句填空】(1)Recentresearchhasthrownlightonthemystery,whichhasamazedtheworld.(2)ThisisRenia'sdiary,ajournalthatwashiddenforyearsinasafe(保险柜)．Nowit'scomingtolightwiththehelpofRenia'ssisterandniece.(3)IthoughtImighthavelitupon/onanancientmanuscript.补全句子(4)Hiseyeslitupwhenhismotherwalkedintotheroom.看见妈妈走进房间，他两眼一亮。（一）用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcomposition(compose)ofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.2．(2020·江苏卷)Technologicalinnovations(innovative),combinedwithgoodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.3．Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwireless(wire)phoneshadn'tbeeninventedyet.4．ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction(distinct)．5．Payforservicecallsrelatedtoproductinstallation(install)orusageinstructions.6．Idiomsusuallycannotbetranslatedliterally(literal)inanotherlanguage.（二）固定用法和搭配1．Keepingeyecontactdeliversasenseoffriendshiptothepeopleweinteractwith.2．YoucouldhavereceivedanAonyourtermpaper,butyouquotedalittlebitmorefromothers'papers.3．Withsomanyexcellentpaintingsondisplay,theexhibitionhasattractedalargenumberofvisitors.4．Theplansweresetinmotionwhenthecompanypresidentsignedthedocument.5．Lightninglitupthedarkeningskies,andwithinmomentstheplanewastossed(使摇摆)around.（三）完形填空：长难句分析Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga‘free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I____31____theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn’twanttosaveafewdollars?Morethanthat,I’dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t____32____enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutourinstructorwasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,whichmeantIwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame’s____33____.Icouldhardlywaitto____34____him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis____35____wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeitclearthatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto____36____theclassamongotherrequirements,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto____37____whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,____38____,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat____39____andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe____40____.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstillputtingtousewhathe____41____me:“Theabsolutemostimportant____42____thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood____43____.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto____44____asituation,processwhatyouropponent(对手)isdoingandevaluatethebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy____45____asajournalist.31.A.putforward B.triedout C.jumpedat D.turneddown32.A.worried B.tired C.moved D.excited33.A.best B.fastest C.rarest D.hardest34.A.beat B.interview C.meet D.challenge35.A.qualification B.chance C.job D.honor36.A.skip B.pass C.observe D.attend37.A.compare B.expose C.add D.apply38.A.eventually B.directly C.naturally D.normally39.A.presentation B.course C.game D.experiment40.A.requirement B.department C.classroom D.situation41.A.promised B.wrote C.questioned D.taught42.A.skill B.manner C.step D.fact43.A.impressions B.grades C.decisions D.comments44.A.analyse B.describe C.generate D.control45.A.characteristic B.role C.desire D.concern【答案】31.C32.D33.A34.C35.C36.B37.D38.A39.B40.C41.D42.A43.C44.A45.B【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了作者在大二学的免费课程——下象棋及这门课程对作者生活的深远指导作用。【解析】【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我欣然接受了这个课程，因为，毕竟，谁不想节省几美元呢？A.putforward提出；B.triedout测试，试验；C.jumpedat欣然接受；D.turneddown拒绝。后文提到作者想要省钱，所以是欣然接受了这门课程。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即便是我对免费的学分不感到激动，单是我们老师的信息就足以吸引我。A.worried着急的，担心的；B.tired疲倦的；C.moved感动的；D.excited激动的，兴奋的。上文提到作者上这门课就是为了省钱，所以对这门课所带来的学分并不感到激动，故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是一名国际大师，这意味着我将向这项游戏中的佼佼者学习。A.best最好的；B.fastest最快的；C.rarest罕见的；D.hardest最困难的。结合上文“Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster”可知，老师是象棋游戏里的大师，即下象棋最好的人之一。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我等不及要见他。A.beat击败；B.interview采访；C.meet遇见；D.challenge挑战。由前一句可知，因为象棋国际大师要来，所以作者等不及要见他。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：MauriceAshley是一个善良而聪明的人，他毕业后又回来教书，这份工作对他来说不是游戏：他是认真的。A.qualification资格；B.chance机会；C.job工作；D.honor荣誉。MauriceAshley如今是老师，所以这是他的一份工作。故选C。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了通过这门课，除其他标准外，我们还必须写一篇论文，说明我们打算如何将在课堂上学到的知识应用到我们未来的职业中，并最终应用到我们的生活中。A.skip跳过；B.pass通过；C.observe观察，庆祝；D.attend参加；根据后文宾语“theclass”以及“writeapaper”可知此处指的是通过这门课。故选B。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了通过这门课，除其他标准外，我们还必须写一篇论文，说明我们打算如何将在课堂上学到的知识应用到我们未来的职业中，并最终应用到我们的生活中。A.compare比较；B.expose暴露；C.add添加；D.apply运用。结合后文“whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessions”可知，Ashley要求学生们写一篇论文，关于如何将在课堂上学到的知识应用到我们未来的职业中，短语applyto“把……运用于……”。故选D。【38题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.eventually最终；B.directly直接地；C.naturally自然地；D.normally正常地。根据后文“toourlives”可知，先是应用到工作中，最后应用到生活中。故选A。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我设法在那门课上得了A，我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活经验。A.presentation介绍，陈述；B.course课程；C.game游戏；D.experiment实验。结合上文“getanAinthat”可知，此处指在象棋课上得了A的成绩。故选B。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.requirement要求；B.department部门；C.classroom教室；D.situation情况。结合上文“learnedlifelessons”可知作者学到了课堂之外的生活经验。beyondtheclassroom课堂之外，故选C。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Ashley上象棋课十年之后，我仍然在运用他教我的东西：“下象棋时你学到的最重要的技能是如何做出正确的决定。”A.promised承诺；B.wrote写；C.questioned质问；D.taught教。上文he指的是象棋课的老师Ashley，故此处指作者十年后仍然在运用Ashley教自己的东西。故选D。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Ashley上象棋课十年之后，我仍然在运用他教我的东西：“下象棋时你学到的最重要的技能是如何做出正确的决定。”A.skill技能；B.manner方式；C.step步；D.fact事实。根据后文“whenyouplaychess”可知，此处指的是下象棋时的重要技能。故选A。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.impressions印象；B.grades成绩；C.decisions决定；D.comments评论。根据后文“evaluatethebestmovefromamongall”可知，下象棋时需要评估出最佳的一步，即做出正确的决定。故选C。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在每一步中，你都必须分析形势，处理对手正在做的事情，并从你所有的选择中评估最佳的一步。A.analyse分析；B.describe描述；C.generate生成，产生；D.control控制。根据后文“processwhatyouropponent(对手)isdoingandevaluatethebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”可知，此处指分析形势，处理各种情况。故选A。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。A.characteristic特点，品质；B.role角色；C.desire欲望；D.concern担心。结合后文“asajournalist”可知作者如今是一名记者，所以这应该是作者的职业或者身份，故选B。（一）词性转换1．composev．作(曲)→composern．作曲家→compositionn．作文；作曲2．princessn．公主→princen．王子3．wiren．金属丝；电线→wirelessadj.无线的；无线电的4．contrastn．反差，对比→contrastingadj.(在式样、颜色或态度上)极不相同的，迥异的5．innovativeadj.新颖的，创新的→innovatev．创新→innovationn．创新，革新6．literallyadv.根据字面意思→literaladj.字面意义的7．distinctadj.清晰的；明显不同的→distinctionn．区别（二）语法填空短文中的黑体部分为本单元知识点，请按要求补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分的用法。MrLiwasgoodatmusicandalsolikedfolktaleswhenhewasyoung.Afterheretired，hereturnedtohishometownwithhiswifeand1(settle)there.Hebegantotravelaroundthecountrytocollectfolktales.Hetalkedtoalotofvillagersofallagesfromdifferentplaces,only2(find)thattherewasadistinctdifferencebetweenthetalesfromtwodifferentplaces.Abouttwoyearslater,hereturnedtohishometownwithagreatmany3(interest)folktales.Itwashe4settheprogrammeReadingTalesinhisvillageinmotion.Therewasatrendthateachfamilysetasidesometimeforreadingtaleseveryday.Thatwasanenjoyabletime!Inaddition,hewas5innovativethathecomposedalotofsoftmusicfortheoldpeopleinhisvillage.Inhissparetime,healsomadesomelovelytoysusingsome6(use)wiresandotherwastematerials.Mostchildrenlovedthetoysverymuch.Thevillagersadmiredhis7(innovative)somuchthattheyallconsideredhimtobeagiftedtechnician.8contrast,hiswifewaslessactive.Sheoftendidsomehouseworkandseldomwentout.Whenshewasout,sheoftensatbytheriverallday,staringatthegeese9(float)ontheriver.She10(rare)joinedotherwomentalkingandlaughingthere,whichmadeMrLialittleworried.1．settled2.toeresting4.that/who5．so6.used/useless7.innovation8.By9．floating10.rarely完形填空Asayoungmom,Icanrememberlookingforwardtotheyearswhenmychildrenwouldbegrown.NotbecauseI___21___spendingeachdaywiththem,butbecauseIthoughtonceI’d___22___them,thenallmymomworrieswouldbeover.ButIwaswrong!Whenmysonsweregrown,Idiscoveredthattheworriesjustgotbiggerasthe___23___gotbigger.Whenmyadultchildrenhave___24___difficulttimes,I’verecalledthingsaboutthosewonderfuldayswhenalltheirproblemscouldbe___25___withahug.IthoughtaboutthatthispastweekasstoriesofHurricanelrma’scomingfilledthe___26___.Iheardforecasters(预报员)usethe“strongestwindsever___27___”.NotwordsIwantedtohearwhenthatstormwas___28___thestatewheremyson,daughter-in-law,andgrandsonlived.Iwasworriedas___29___ofdamageonislandswhereHuricaneIrmahadalreadyshowedher___30___appearedonmytelevisionscreen.Iwatchedand___31___anxiouslyasthestoriesgotbiggerandbiggeraboutthepowerfulimpactIrmawouldhaveonFlorida.Atfirst,mysonplannedtoleave,butthenasforecastersreportedthehuricane,ittookapathtotheeast,leavingtheFloridaoutof___32___hits.Theydecidedtostay,andallseemed___33___,untilsuddenlythestormbeganmovingwest.Thesemomworries___34___again,becausetheroadswerefilledwiththosefromSouthFloridawhowereleavingbeforetheircitiestookdirecthits.ThewaitleadinguptoHurricaneIrma’sarrivalwashard.Thewaittohearthatmypreciousfamilywereokayseemedlikeittook___35___.21.A.minded B.preferred C.quit D.kept22.A.improved B.raised C.admired D.mastered23.A.goals B.errors C.problems D.responsibilities24.A.gonethrough B.workedout C.givenup D.focusedon25.A.placed B.judged C.solved D.dropped26.A.movie B.news C.novel D.literature27.A.recorded B.printed C.typed D.scheduled28.A.exploring B.hitting C.changing D.shaking29.A.books B.photos C.gifts D.brochures30.A.view B.stress C.challenge D.anger31.A.worked B.commented C.waited D.complained32.A.direct B.narrow C.slim D.unique33.A.formal B.well C.possible D.strange34.A.died B.developed C.survived D.appeared35.A.moments B.hours C.centuries D.minutes【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.A25.C26.B27.A28.B29.B30.D31.C32.A33.B34.D35.C【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者用自己的亲身经历告诉大家，孩子无论多大，在父母的眼里都是孩子。父母永远为孩子操心。【解析】【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不是因为我介意每天都和他们在一起，而是因为我觉得一旦我把他们养大，我作为妈妈的所有的担心就结束了。A.minded介意；B.preferred偏爱；C.quit关闭；D.kept保持。根据前文“Asayoungmom,Icanrememberlookingforwardtotheyearswhenmychildrenwouldbegrown”可知，作为年轻的妈妈，我渴望孩子长大，所有此处指不是因为我介意每天都和他们在一起。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.improved改善；B.raised养育；C.admired钦佩；D.mastered掌握。根据前文“whenmychildrenwouldbegrown”可知，此处指一旦我把他们养大，我作为妈妈的担心就没有了。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的儿子们长大后，我发现随着问题越来越严重，他们的担忧也越来越大。A.goals目标；B.errors错误；C.problems问题；D.responsibilities责任。根据下文“I’verecalledthingsaboutthosewonderfuldayswhenalltheirproblemscouldbe5withahug.”可知，此处指问题越大，我的担心就越多。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我成年的孩子们经历困难时，我会回忆起那些美好的日子，那时他们所有的问题都可以通过一个拥抱解决。A.gonethrough经历；B.workedout解决问题；C.givenup放弃；D.focusedon集中注意力。根据下文“difficulttimes”可知，此处指孩子们经历困难，故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我成年的孩子们经历困难时，我会回忆起那些美好的日子，那时他们所有的问题都可以通过一个拥抱解决。A.placed放置；B.judged判断；C.solved解决；D.dropped掉落。结合前文“alltheirproblems”可知，此处指用一个拥抱可以解决所有的问题。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一周里，当飓风“艾玛”来袭的消息充斥在新闻中时，我就想到了这一点。A.movie电影；B.news新闻；C.novel小说；D.literature文学。根据下文“Iheardforecasters”可知，作者听到气象预报员说这次飓风的消息，所以此处指关于飓风艾玛即将袭来的消息充斥在新闻中。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我听说天气预报员使用“有记录以来最强的风”。A.recorded记录；B.printed打印；C.typed打字；D.scheduled安排。根据上文“forecasters(预报员)