2024-2025学年人教新版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十二）

第1页（共1页）2024-2025学年人教新版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十二）一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2022•青浦区二模）ItwasthoughtthatMicrobes（细菌）insediments—solidmaterialthatsettlesatthebottomofaliquidbeneaththeseafloordiedabove80°C，butscientistshavefoundsomethatcansurviveupto120°Candpossiblyhighertemperatures.Thediscoveryshowsthatlifeinseafloorsedimentscansurvivehighertemperaturesthanpreviouslythought."Iwouldthinkthatwhereverthere'senergythatcanbeexploitedbymicroorganisms，（1）find（s）away."saysTinaTreudeattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.Itispossiblethatthereislifeatevenhighertemperatures."Theonlywaytofindoutistogobackand（2）deeper，"shesays，thoughinlabexperimentssofar，nomicrobeshavebeenfoundtogrowabove122°C.Theresearcherswerealsoableto（3）outandcountcellsusingaspecialdevice.Together，thefindingsshowthatrelativelyfewcellssurviveatthesetemperatures，butthosethatdohaveveryhighmetabolic（新陈代谢的）rates."Itwasastonishinglyhigh，"saysTreude.Thissurprisedtheteambecauseitisthe（4）ofwhathasbeenfoundinshallowersediments，whereitismuchcolder.Microbesare（5）there，buttheirmetabolismsareextremelyslowandindividualmicrobesmightliveformillionsofyears.At120°C，theheatisdoingalotofdamagetocells，somicrobesmayneedhighmetabolismstogenerateenoughenergytorepairthisdamage.Itisa（n）（6）tostayalive，saysTreude.Itisn'tclearwhattheseheat﹣loving，orthermophilic，microbesare，astheteamwasunableto（7）theirDNA.Norisitclearhowtheycametobeinthesediments，giventhatthiswouldhavebeenaverycoldenvironmentforalongtimeafterthesedimentsthatthesamplescamefromwerefirst（8）.However，afewthermophilicmicrobeswouldhavebeenpresentwhenthesedimentsweredeposited，andtheymayhavesomehow（9）untiltemperaturesbegantoriseduetobeing（10）undermorematerial，saysteammemberFelixBeuligatAarhusUniversityinDenmark.Asthetemperaturesrose，allthemicrobesthatweren't（11）ofheatwouldgraduallyhavediedoff，saysteammemberFlorianSchubertattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciencesinPotsdam."Themicrobesthatcannot（12），theyjustdie，"hesays.PatrickForterreatthePasteurInstituteinParissaysthatwhilethereare（13）resultsshowingmicrobegrowthat106°C，nobodyhasbeenabletoexactlycopythetwolabstudiesclaiminggrowthat122°C."It'sverydifficultto（14）theuppertemperaturelimit，"hesays.Heistherefore（15）oftheideaofmicrobeslivingnormallyat120°C，buthedoesthinkitispossiblethattheycouldsomehowsurviveandbecameactiveagainatlowertemperatures.（1）A．lifeB．energyC．bacteriaD．voyage（2）A．thinkB．researchC．practiseD．drill（3）A．spreadB．figureC．separateD．reach（4）A．oppositeB．evidenceC．coincidenceD．resemblance（5）A．moderateB．existentC．swiftD．plentiful（6）A．gameB．approachC．raceD．solution（7）A．explodeB．identifyC．locateD．attack（8）A．formedB．depositedC．taggedD．covered（9）A．stuckonB．movedawayC．diedoffD．runout（10）A．exposedB．removedC．buriedD．washed（11）A．tolerantB．afraidC．tiredD．careful（12）A．translateB．adaptC．escapeD．furnish（13）A．variousB．falseC．reliableD．different（14）A．passB．breakC．outstepD．determine（15）A．capableB．doubtfulC．sickD．ignorant二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．（2019秋•黑龙江期末）Mygrandparentscanbegoodfun．Theyareretired，sotheydon'tworkanymore．Mygrandfatheris68andmygrandmotheris67，buttheyarenottoooldtobeactive．Theyexercisebyplayinggolfandtheygooutformealsandtothetheater．Sometimestheytakemeout，too．Wehaveagoodtime．Theyalsogoongreatholidays．Lastyear，theywenttoChinaandwalkedalongtheGreatWall!Sometimes，mygrandparentsliketocriticizeme．Theythinkthatchildrentodayhaveaneasylife．Lifewasverydifferentwhentheywereyoungandtherearemanythingsaboutmylifethattheydonotunderstand．Theytellme，overandover，howtheyhadtostartworkat16．TheyknowthatIwillgoontouniversityandwillnotbegettingajobuntilIamabout22！TheyalsothinkthatIhavetoomanypossessions（财产），suchasmobilephones，computersandPSPs．Whentheywereyoung，theydidnothaveanythinglikethat．Whattheydonotrealizeisthattheycannotcomparechildrenatpresenttime．Theyhadthesamekindsofthingsastherestofpeopleoftheirage﹣sodoI．ItwouldbeverystrangeifIonlyhadthepossessionsthattheyhadwhentheywereatmyage．（1）Grandparentsdonotworkanymorebecause．A．theyaretiredB．theywanttoplaygolfC．theyareretiredD．theywanttoenjoytheirlife（2）Mygrandparentsareoldandtheyleada（n）life．A．activeB．boringC．sadD．hard（3）Mygrandparentssometimescriticizeme．Onereasonisthat．A．Idon'tgoongreatholidayswiththemB．Iwon'tworkuntil22C．theyhadtoworkat16D．childrentodayhaveaneasylife（4）Grandparentswhentheywereyoung．A．hadthesamelifeaswehavetodayB．hadthesamekindsofthingsaswehaveC．hadthesamekindsofthingsaspeopleoftheirageD．hadmanypossessionslikemobilephones（5）Iwithmygrandparents．A．agreeB．disagreeC．quarrelD．fight3．（2020春•洛川县校级月考）Lastweek，EducationSecretaryArneDuncandeclaredwaronpapertextbooks．"Overthenextfewyears，"hesaidinaspeechattheNationalPressClub，"textbooksshouldbeabandoned．"Intheirplacewouldcomeavarietyofdigital﹣learningtechnologies，likee﹣readersandmulti﹣mediawebsites．Suchtechnologiescertainlyhavetheirplace．ButSecretaryDuncanisthreateningtolightafiretoatried﹣and﹣truetechnology﹣goodoldpaper﹣thathasbeenthefoundationforoneofthegreateducationalsystemsontheplanet．Andwhilee﹣readersandmulti﹣mediawebsitesmayseemappealing，theideaofreplacinganeffectivelearningplatformwithawidelyhyped（炒作）butstillunprovenoneisextremelydangerous．Anexpertonreading，MaryanneWolf，hasrecentlybegunstudyingtheeffectsofdigitalreadingonlearning，andsofartheresultsaremixed．SheworriesthatInternetreading，inparticular，couldbesuchasourceofdistractions（分散注意力）forstudentsthattheymaycanceloutmostotherpotentialbenefitsofaWeb﹣linked，e﹣learningenvironmentandwhileit'struethatthehigh﹣techindustryhassponsoredsubstantialamountsofresearchonthepotentialbenefitsofWeb﹣basedlearning，notenoughtimehaspassedforlongitudinal（纵向的）studiestodemonstratethefulleffects．Inaddition，digital﹣readingadvocatesclaimthatlightweighte﹣booksbenefitstudents'backsandsaveschoolsmoney．Buttherollingbackpackseemstohavesolvedtheweightproblem，andtheshockingcoststooutfiteverystudentwithane﹣reader，providetechnicalsupportandpayforregularsoftwareupdatespromisetomakethee﹣textbookaverypriceychoice．Asbothateacherwhousespapertextbooksandastudentofurbanhistory，Ican'thelpbutwonderwhatparallelsexistbetweenmyownfieldandthissudden，wholesaleabandonmentofthetechnologyofpaper．（1）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．Multi﹣mediawebsitesandgoodoldpaperarekindsofdigital﹣learningtechnologies．B．Digitallearningtechnologieswillreplacethepapertextbookssoonerorlater．C．E﹣readersandmulti﹣mediawebsitesarelearningmethodsthatareprovedeffective．D．Atried﹣and﹣truetechnologyispapertextbooks，longusedineducationalsystem．（2）Whatisthedrawbackofpapertextbooksaccordingtothepassage？A．Theirweight．B．Theirprice．C．Theircontent．D．Theirappearance．（3）WhatworriesMaryanneWolfisthat．A．paperlearningcanprovidemorepotentialbenefitsB．studentsmaynotfocusonlearningbydigitalreadingC．digitalreadingcan'tprovidepotentialbenefitsforusersD．theresultsofdigitalreadingeffectsareunderstandable（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsdigital﹣learning？A．Disapproving．B．Supportive．C．Positive．D．Objective．4．（2020秋•新华区校级期中）Iwasspeakingtothefaculty（全体教师）atJohnF.KennedyElementarySchoolinCanton，Massachusetts，acoupleweeksago.Iarrivedearlyanddecidedtotakeawalk.TherewasaLittleLeaguefieldnearby.Ispottedasignonthefence.Thesign，postedbytheCantonLittleLeague，read：PLEASEREMEMBER•Thesearekids.•Thisisagame.•Thecoachesvolunteer.•Youdon'tplayfortheRedSox（anAmericanprofessionalbaseballteam）.Ihadtolaugh，especiallyatthejokeabouttheRedSox.ButIthinkthesignisagoodremindertoeveryoneconnectedwithyouthsports﹣kids，parents，coachesandthefolkswhoruntheleagues﹣whatisimportantaboutthegames.First，kidswhoplayarejustkids.Theyarenotminiprofessionalathletes.Soyouthsportsleaguesandcoachesshouldtakeiteasyonthem.Kidsdon'tneedlongschedulesandlotsoffarawaygamesorhigh﹣pressuretournaments.Adultsshouldtrytosetupyouthleaguessomorekidsplaywithandagainstkidsfromnearbyschoolsandneighborhoods.Theyshouldmakeiteasierforkidstoplayasportforjustafewmonthssothattheycantryothersports.Kidsshouldn'tplayonesportyear﹣round.Andeveryoneshouldstopworryingaboutwhichteamwinsorloses.Afriendofminewhocoachedalotofyouthteamsoncetoldme，"Whenyoucoachkids，it'snothowmanyyouwinorlose，buthowmanysignupfornextseason."AccordingtotheAspenInstitute'slatest"StateofPlay"report，fewerkidsaresigningup.Researchindicatesasmallerpercentageofkidsages6to12（37percent）areplayingteamsportsonaregularbasisthanin2011（42percent）.Theaimofyouthsportsshouldbetohavefun，learnsomeskillsandenjoybeingpartofateam.Whenwelosesightofthosesimplegoals，thegamessuffer，andthekidsstayaway.Maybein2021everyfieldorgymwherekidsplayshouldhaveasignliketheoneinCanton.Allyouwouldhavetodoischangethenameoftheteam.（1）Howmighttheauthorfeelseeingthesignonthefence？A．Relieved.B．Worried.C．Confident.D．Disappointed.（2）What'stheauthor'sadviceforadults？A．Goeasyonkids.B．Chooseyouthleaguescarefully.C．Encouragekidstosticktoonesport.D．Makeayear﹣roundscheduleforkids.（3）WhatcanbeinferredfromtheAspenInstitute'sreport？A．Kidstodayarelessathletic.B．Feweryouthleaguesarebeingsetup.C．Youthgroupsportsarelosingpopularity.D．Kidsarefocusingmoreonsucceedingthantrying.（4）Whatistheauthortryingtodointhelastparagraph？A．Givepraise.B．Expressawish.C．Offersympathy.D．Showdetermination.三．信息匹配（共1小题）5．（2020春•兴庆区校级期中）TheFarmers'FreshMarketThismorning，IwenttotheFarmersMarketinBurlington，Vermont．Ididn'tknowwhattheFarmersMarketisorhowtogetthere．（1）First，Ihadtodecidehowtogothere，andIchosebothtowalkandtotakeabus．WhenIwent，IwouldwalkandwhenIcameback，Iwouldtakeabus．（2）Walkingtothemarketinthiscity，Iwassurprisedbecauseeveryhousewasbeautiful，andtheywereallarrangedingoodorder．InKorea'scities，mosthousesarenotlikethat，andmanyapartmentsarelikeboxeswhichoftenscreenoffbeautifulviewslikehillsandmountains．Also，everyroadisnotstraightandnarrow．（3）（4）Itwasaverysmallmarket，butaveryinterestingone．Idon'tknowwhyfarmersgotheretosellvegetablesorwhypeoplegotheretobuythembecausetherearemanymoreproductsinlargesupermarkets．（5）Also，allthethingssoldtherewereverynovel．Inadditiontofreshfood，therewashomemadefoodandmanyotherthingssuchaswoolenblankets，quilts，andwoodenproducts．Iwantedtobuysomeofthem，butIdidn'tneedthem，soIjustlookedatthem．Itwasaveryexcitingexperience．A．Ivisitedaflowerstandatthemarket．B．Anyway，IwasabletofindtheFarmers'Market．C．So，tome，thisAmericantownwasveryimpressive．D．Idecidedtogoearlybecausethemarketisheldinthemorning．E．Iknewthatitwouldtakealongtimetowalk，butIwantedtoseeanAmericantown．F．Iwasattractedbythecomfortablehouseswheretheylivedandthecarsthattheydrove．G．IthinkthereasonisthattheonessoldintheFarmers'Marketarefresherandcheaper．四．词汇应用（共5小题）6．adj.尽管如此；不过；然而7．adj.人工的；人造的；假的8．v.提倡；支持；拥护n.提倡者；支持者；拥护者9．（2024春•浦东新区校级期中）侦探小说10．（2024•方城县校级开学）n.新闻媒体，传媒五．语法填空（共1小题）11．（2020秋•靖远县期末）TheChinesepopulationcensus（普查）takesplaceevery10years，（1）gathersdataincludingname，IDnumber，etc.Trackingdownmorethan1billionChinesecitizens（2）（be）bynomeanseasy.Thisyear，about7millionstaffwillbeneededtovisithomesforregistrationwork.Newmethodswillalsobeusedduringthiscensus，includingonlineinformationregistrationandapplicationofelectronicdevices.（3）（compare）withprevioussurveys，newmethodswillbeconvenientforpeoplewhoarenotlivingwheretheyare（4）（official）registered，aswellasthosewhodonotwantto（5）（disturb）bycensusstaff.Thedataareexpectedtogiveafullpictureofthepopulation，including（6）（it）size，structureanddistributionandrecentchanges.Itprovidessupportformakingnationaldevelopmentpolicies（政策）.Thecensushasalargeimpact（7）ourlives.Forinstance，researcherscanusetheresults（8）（investigate）populationtrendsindifferentcities.Thecensuswillhelptofindout（9）numberofforeignerslivinginChina.ItcanalsotellhowmanyChinesepeoplehavemovedtoother（10）（country）.六．书面表达（共2小题）12．假设社会发展到了2080年，照顾老年人成了一个社会问题，科学家发明了一种家用机器人．请以"TheRobotintheFuture"为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文．注意：1．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2．书写规范，语法正确，语句通顺．．13．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology，theresearchofhumangenes，orbiologicalengineeringaspeoplecallit，isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Discussionsaboutitareincreasinglyheatedaroundtheworld.Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith，suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear，millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodate，doctorshavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocurethem.Butifthegenetechnologyisapplied，notonlythesetwodiseasescanbecuredcompletely，bringinghappinessandmorelivingdaystothepatients，butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespendoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved；thereforeitbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition，thehumanlifespan（寿命）canbeprolonged.Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtohealthierandclevererchildren.Somefamilieshavegeneticdiseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilialdisease，whichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast，doctorscoulddonothingaboutgeneticdiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Scientistsjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectit，andahealthychildwillbeborn.Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanbeusedtocreatehumanbeingsinlargequantities.Inthepastfewyears，scientistshavesucceededincloninganimalssuchasmice，sheep，anddogs；therefore，thesepeoplepredictthathumanbabieswouldsoonbeclonedandthatitwouldbebeyondcontrol，leadingtosomedisastrousconsequences.Butmanybelievethatclonedbabieswillnotcomeoutinlargequantities，formostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinaverynormalwayandtheyalsobelievemeasureswillbetakentocontrolgenetechnology.

2024-2025学年人教新版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十二）参考答案与试题解析一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2022•青浦区二模）ItwasthoughtthatMicrobes（细菌）insediments—solidmaterialthatsettlesatthebottomofaliquidbeneaththeseafloordiedabove80°C，butscientistshavefoundsomethatcansurviveupto120°Candpossiblyhighertemperatures.Thediscoveryshowsthatlifeinseafloorsedimentscansurvivehighertemperaturesthanpreviouslythought."Iwouldthinkthatwhereverthere'senergythatcanbeexploitedbymicroorganisms，（1）Afind（s）away."saysTinaTreudeattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.Itispossiblethatthereislifeatevenhighertemperatures."Theonlywaytofindoutistogobackand（2）Ddeeper，"shesays，thoughinlabexperimentssofar，nomicrobeshavebeenfoundtogrowabove122°C.Theresearcherswerealsoableto（3）Coutandcountcellsusingaspecialdevice.Together，thefindingsshowthatrelativelyfewcellssurviveatthesetemperatures，butthosethatdohaveveryhighmetabolic（新陈代谢的）rates."Itwasastonishinglyhigh，"saysTreude.Thissurprisedtheteambecauseitisthe（4）Aofwhathasbeenfoundinshallowersediments，whereitismuchcolder.Microbesare（5）Dthere，buttheirmetabolismsareextremelyslowandindividualmicrobesmightliveformillionsofyears.At120°C，theheatisdoingalotofdamagetocells，somicrobesmayneedhighmetabolismstogenerateenoughenergytorepairthisdamage.Itisa（n）（6）Ctostayalive，saysTreude.Itisn'tclearwhattheseheat﹣loving，orthermophilic，microbesare，astheteamwasunableto（7）BtheirDNA.Norisitclearhowtheycametobeinthesediments，giventhatthiswouldhavebeenaverycoldenvironmentforalongtimeafterthesedimentsthatthesamplescamefromwerefirst（8）B.However，afewthermophilicmicrobeswouldhavebeenpresentwhenthesedimentsweredeposited，andtheymayhavesomehow（9）Auntiltemperaturesbegantoriseduetobeing（10）Cundermorematerial，saysteammemberFelixBeuligatAarhusUniversityinDenmark.Asthetemperaturesrose，allthemicrobesthatweren't（11）Aofheatwouldgraduallyhavediedoff，saysteammemberFlorianSchubertattheGermanResearchCentreforGeosciencesinPotsdam."Themicrobesthatcannot（12）B，theyjustdie，"hesays.PatrickForterreatthePasteurInstituteinParissaysthatwhilethereare（13）Cresultsshowingmicrobegrowthat106°C，nobodyhasbeenabletoexactlycopythetwolabstudiesclaiminggrowthat122°C."It'sverydifficultto（14）Dtheuppertemperaturelimit，"hesays.Heistherefore（15）Boftheideaofmicrobeslivingnormallyat120°C，buthedoesthinkitispossiblethattheycouldsomehowsurviveandbecameactiveagainatlowertemperatures.（1）A．lifeB．energyC．bacteriaD．voyage（2）A．thinkB．researchC．practiseD．drill（3）A．spreadB．figureC．separateD．reach（4）A．oppositeB．evidenceC．coincidenceD．resemblance（5）A．moderateB．existentC．swiftD．plentiful（6）A．gameB．approachC．raceD．solution（7）A．explodeB．identifyC．locateD．attack（8）A．formedB．depositedC．taggedD．covered（9）A．stuckonB．movedawayC．diedoffD．runout（10）A．exposedB．removedC．buriedD．washed（11）A．tolerantB．afraidC．tiredD．careful（12）A．translateB．adaptC．escapeD．furnish（13）A．variousB．falseC．reliableD．different（14）A．passB．breakC．outstepD．determine（15）A．capableB．doubtfulC．sickD．ignorant【答案】（1）﹣（5）ADCAD（6）﹣（10）CBBAC（11）﹣（15）ABCDB【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家发现，一些微生物可以存活到120°C甚至更高的温度。这一发现表明，海底沉积物中的生命可以在比之前认为的更高的温度下生存。【解答】（1）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.life生命；B.energy能量；C.bacteria细菌；D.voyage航行。句意：我认为只要有微生物可以利用的能量，生命就会找到一条出路。由上文的"whereverthere'senergythatcanbeexploitedbymicroorganisms"和后文的"thereislifeatevenhighertemperatures"可知，句子表示"只要有微生物可以利用的能量，生命就会找到一条出路"，故选A。（2）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.think思考；B.research研究；C.practise练习；D.drill钻孔。句意：唯一的办法就是回去再往深处钻。由后文的"deeper"可知，此处表示往深处钻，故选D。（3）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.spread传播；B.figure理解，弄懂；C.separate分开；D.reach到达。句意：研究人员还能够使用一种特殊的设备分离和计数细胞。由后文的"andcountcellsusingaspecialdevice"可知，研究人员使用一种特殊的设备分离和计数细胞，故选C。（4）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.opposite对立的人（或物）；B.evidence证据；C.coincidence巧合；D.resemblance相似之处。句意：这让研究小组感到惊讶，因为这与在较冷的浅层沉积物中发现的情况相反。由上文的"Together，thefindingsshowthatrelativelyfewcellssurviveatthesetemperatures，butthosethatdohaveveryhighmetabolic（新陈代谢的）rates"和后文的"whereitismuchcolder"可知，这与在较冷的浅层沉积物中发现的情况相反，空格处意为"对立的人（或物）"，故选A。（5）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.moderate温和的；B.existent现存的；C.swift快速的；D.plentiful大量的。句意：那里有大量的微生物，但它们的新陈代谢极其缓慢，单个微生物可能会存活数百万年。由后文的"individualmicrobes"可知，此处表示"那里有大量的微生物"，故选D。（6）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.game游戏；B.approach方法；C.race赛跑；D.solution解决办法。句意：特鲁德说，生存是一场赛跑。由上文"microbesmayneedhighmetabolismstogenerateenoughenergytorepairthisdamage"可知，微生物可能需要高代谢来产生足够的能量来修复这种损伤，因此这是一场赛跑，故选C。（7）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.explode爆炸；B.identify识别；C.locate定位；D.attack攻击。句意：目前还不清楚这些喜热或嗜热的微生物是什么，因为研究团队无法识别它们的DNA。由上文的"Itisn'tclearwhattheseheat﹣loving，orthermophilic，microbesare"可知，研究团队无法识别它们的DNA，所以目前还不清楚这些喜热或嗜热的微生物是什么，故选B。（8）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.formed形成；B.deposited沉积；C.tagged给…贴标签；D.covered覆盖。句意：也不清楚它们是如何出现在沉积物中的，因为在这些样本所来自的沉积物第一次沉积下来之后，很长一段时间里，环境都非常寒冷。由上文的"thesedimentsthatthesamplescamefrom"和下一段的"thesedimentsweredeposited"可知，此处表示沉积物的沉积，故选B。（9）A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.stuckon贴上；B.movedaway移开；C.diedoff相继死亡；D.runout用完。句意：然而，丹麦奥胡斯大学的研究小组成员菲利克斯•贝尤利格说，当沉积物沉积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存在了，由于被埋在更多的物质下，它们可能以某种方式粘在上面，直到温度开始上升。由上文的"afewthermophilicmicrobeswouldhavebeenpresent"可知，当沉积物沉积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存在了，以某种方式粘在上面，故选A。（10）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.exposed暴露；B.removed去除；C.buried埋葬；D.washed洗。句意：然而，丹麦奥胡斯大学的研究小组成员菲利克斯•贝尤利格说，当沉积物沉积时，一些嗜热微生物可能已经存在了，由于被埋在更多的物质下，它们可能以某种方式粘在上面，直到温度开始上升。由后文的"undermorematerial"可知，此处表示"埋在更多的物质下"，故选C。（11）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.tolerant忍受的；B.afraid害怕的；C.tired累的；D.careful仔细的。句意：波茨坦德国地球科学研究中心的研究小组成员弗洛里安﹣舒待说，随着温度的上升，所有不能耐受高温的微生物都会逐渐死亡。由后文的"graduallyhavediedoff"可知，此处表示不能耐受高温的微生物都会逐渐死亡，空格处意为"忍受的"，故选A。（12）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.translate翻译；B.adapt适应；C.escape逃跑；D.furnish为（房间或房屋）配备家具。句意：微生物不能适应，它们就会死亡。由上文的"allthemicrobesthatweren'tofheatwouldgraduallyhavediedoff"可知，微生物不能适应，它们就会死亡，故选B。（13）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.various各种各样的；Bfalse错误的；C.reliable可靠的；D.different不同的。句意：巴黎巴斯德研究所（PasteurInstitute）的帕特里克•福泰尔（PatrickForterre）表示，虽然有可靠的结果显示微生物在106°C下生长，但没有人能够完全复制两项声称微生物在122℃下生长的实验室研究。由后文的"nobodyhasbeenabletoexactlycopthetwolabstudiminggrowthat122℃'可知，句子表示"虽然有可靠的结果显示微生物在106°C下生长，但没有人能够完全复制两项声称微生物在122℃下生长的实验室研究"，故选C。（14）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.pass经过；B.break打破；C.outstep超过；D.determine决定，确定。句意：很难确定温度上限。由上文的"nobodyhasbeenabletoexactlycopythetwolabstudiesclaiminggrowthat122℃"和下文的"theuppertemperaturelimit"可知，句子表示"很难确定温度上限"，故选D。（15）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.capable有能力的；B.doubtful怀疑的；C.sick病的；D.ignorant无知的。句意：因此，他对微生物在120℃下正常生存的想法持怀疑态度，但他认为它们有可能在更低的温度下以某种方式存活并再次活跃起来。由后文的"hedoesthinkitispossiblethattheycouldsomehowsurviveandbecameactiveagainatlowertemperatures."可知，句子表示"他对微生物在120℃下正常生存的想法持怀疑态度"，故选B。【点评】完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．（2019秋•黑龙江期末）Mygrandparentscanbegoodfun．Theyareretired，sotheydon'tworkanymore．Mygrandfatheris68andmygrandmotheris67，buttheyarenottoooldtobeactive．Theyexercisebyplayinggolfandtheygooutformealsandtothetheater．Sometimestheytakemeout，too．Wehaveagoodtime．Theyalsogoongreatholidays．Lastyear，theywenttoChinaandwalkedalongtheGreatWall!Sometimes，mygrandparentsliketocriticizeme．Theythinkthatchildrentodayhaveaneasylife．Lifewasverydifferentwhentheywereyoungandtherearemanythingsaboutmylifethattheydonotunderstand．Theytellme，overandover，howtheyhadtostartworkat16．TheyknowthatIwillgoontouniversityandwillnotbegettingajobuntilIamabout22！TheyalsothinkthatIhavetoomanypossessions（财产），suchasmobilephones，computersandPSPs．Whentheywereyoung，theydidnothaveanythinglikethat．Whattheydonotrealizeisthattheycannotcomparechildrenatpresenttime．Theyhadthesamekindsofthingsastherestofpeopleoftheirage﹣sodoI．ItwouldbeverystrangeifIonlyhadthepossessionsthattheyhadwhentheywereatmyage．（1）GrandparentsdonotworkanymorebecauseC．A．theyaretiredB．theywanttoplaygolfC．theyareretiredD．theywanttoenjoytheirlife（2）Mygrandparentsareoldandtheyleada（n）Alife．A．activeB．boringC．sadD．hard（3）Mygrandparentssometimescriticizeme．OnereasonisthatD．A．Idon'tgoongreatholidayswiththemB．Iwon'tworkuntil22C．theyhadtoworkat16D．childrentodayhaveaneasylife（4）GrandparentsCwhentheywereyoung．A．hadthesamelifeaswehavetodayB．hadthesamekindsofthingsaswehaveC．hadthesamekindsofthingsaspeopleoftheirageD．hadmanypossessionslikemobilephones（5）IBwithmygrandparents．A．agreeB．disagreeC．quarrelD．fight【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】作者的爷爷奶奶都退休了，过着快乐的生活，但是他们觉得现在的孩子们生活的太安逸了，他们年轻的时候什么都没有，很早就开始上班了，但是作者觉得他的爷爷．奶奶的这个观点不对．【解答】（1）C．细节理解题．根据短文的开头Theyareretired，sotheydon'tworkanymore．他们退休了，所以不再工作了．可知作者的爷爷奶奶都退休了，他们不需要上班了，故选C．（2）A．细节理解题．根据第一段第三句Mygrandfatheris68andmygrandmotheris67，buttheyarenottoooldtobeactive我的祖父68岁，祖母67岁，但他们并不太老而不能活动了，可知他的爷爷奶奶虽然老了，还是过着一种积极乐观的生活．故选A．（3）D．细节理解题．根据第二段一二句Sometimes，mygrandparentsliketocriticizeme．Theythinkthatchildrentodayhaveaneasylife．有时，我的祖父母喜欢批评我．他们认为现在的孩子生活很轻松．可知爷爷奶奶批评他，因为他们认为年轻人生活的太安逸了，故选D．（4）C．细节理解题．根据第二段倒数第二句Theyhadthesamekindsofthingsastherestofpeopleoftheirage﹣sodoI．他们和其他同龄人有同样的东西，我也是．可知祖父母和他们年轻时的同龄人一样有同样的事情．故选C．（5）B．推理判断题．根据短文的最后一句ItwouldbeverystrangeifIonlyhadthepossessionsthattheyhadwhentheywereatmyage．如果我只有他们在我这个年纪时所拥有的一切，那就太奇怪了．可知作者不同意他爷爷奶奶的观点，故选B．【点评】本文考查了细节理解，推理判断义的题型，要求学生要完全理解文章细节问题，从问题中回到文章中找答案，逐步分析，逐步解决，选出正确选项．3．（2020春•洛川县校级月考）Lastweek，EducationSecretaryArneDuncandeclaredwaronpapertextbooks．"Overthenextfewyears，"hesaidinaspeechattheNationalPressClub，"textbooksshouldbeabandoned．"Intheirplacewouldcomeavarietyofdigital﹣learningtechnologies，likee﹣readersandmulti﹣mediawebsites．Suchtechnologiescertainlyhavetheirplace．ButSecretaryDuncanisthreateningtolightafiretoatried﹣and﹣truetechnology﹣goodoldpaper﹣thathasbeenthefoundationforoneofthegreateducationalsystemsontheplanet．Andwhilee﹣readersandmulti﹣mediawebsitesmayseemappealing，theideaofreplacinganeffectivelearningplatformwithawidelyhyped（炒作）butstillunprovenoneisextremelydangerous．Anexpertonreading，MaryanneWolf，hasrecentlybegunstudyingtheeffectsofdigitalreadingonlearning，andsofartheresultsaremixed．SheworriesthatInternetreading，inparticular，couldbesuchasourceofdistractions（分散注意力）forstudentsthattheymaycanceloutmostotherpotentialbenefitsofaWeb﹣linked，e﹣learningenvironmentandwhileit'struethatthehigh﹣techindustryhassponsoredsubstantialamountsofresearchonthepotentialbenefitsofWeb﹣basedlearning，notenoughtimehaspassedforlongitudinal（纵向的）studiestodemonstratethefulleffects．Inaddition，digital﹣readingadvocatesclaimthatlightweighte﹣booksbenefitstudents'backsandsaveschoolsmoney．Buttherollingbackpackseemstohavesolvedtheweightproblem，andtheshockingcoststooutfiteverystudentwithane﹣reader，providetechnicalsupportandpayforregularsoftwareupdatespromisetomakethee﹣textbookaverypriceychoice．Asbothateacherwhousespapertextbooksandastudentofur