2024-2025学年外研社版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十）

第1页（共1页）2024-2025学年外研社版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十）一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2023秋•盐田区校级期末）MrWuisanEnglishteacher.LastMondayatthebeginningofclass，he（1）askedhisstudentshowtheirweekendshadbeen.Onegirlsaidthatshehadspenta（2）weekend﹣shehadherwisdomteethpulledoutandtheystillhurt."Whydoyoualwaysseemtobesohappy，MrWu？"sheasked.Thegirl's（3）remindedMrWuofsomethinghehadreadsomewherebefore."Everymorningwhenyougetup，youhaveachoiceabouthowyouwanttogetclosetolifethatday，"MrWusaidwithasmile."I（4）tobecheerful.""Andtodayismyluckyday，"headded."（5）？"Thewholeclasswerecurious."Thismorning，I（6）toschoolasusual.Ionlyhadtogoanotherkilometerdowntheroadwhenmye﹣bikebrokedown…""Youre﹣bikebrokedownandit'syourluckyday？"Thestudentswere（7）."Whatdoyoumean，MrWu？""Mye﹣bikebrokedownaquarterbeforeclass，soI（8）itontheroadside，tookmybooks，andwalkeddowntheroad.Ittookmetenminutestoarriveatthe（9）.Iliveeightkilometersaway.Mye﹣bikecouldhavebrokendown（10）alongtheway.Butitdidn't.（11），itbrokedownintheperfectplace﹣offthemainroad，withinwalkingdistanceofhere.I'mstillabletoteachmyclass（12）I'llbeabletogetitrepairedafterclass.Ifmye﹣bikemustbreakdown（13），itcouldn'tbearranged（安排）inabetterway."Thestudents'eyesopenedwide，andthentheysmiled.MrWusmiledback.Somehow，hisstoryhad（14）them.Hewashappythattheyhadaperfectchancetoconsider（15）inanewway.（1）A．proudlyB．cheerfullyC．seriouslyD．angrily（2）A．busyB．satisfyingC．terribleD．meaningful（3）A．questionB．suggestionC．decisionD．introduction（4）A．failB．hateC．seemD．choose（5）A．WhoB．WhenC．WhyD．How（6）A．walkedB．ranC．droveD．rode（7）A．surprisedB．boredC．impatientD．nervous（8）A．leftB．checkedC．repairedD．found（9）A．hospitalB．schoolC．parkD．bank（10）A．somewhereB．anywhereC．everywhereD．nowhere（11）A．HoweverB．AlsoC．InsteadD．Otherwise（12）A．andB．butC．soD．or（13）A．yesterdayB．theotherdayC．todayD．tomorrow（14）A．hurtB．touchedC．controlledD．worried（15）A．dreamB．purposeC．wishD．luck二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．（2024春•静海区校级月考）Caloriesareawayofkeepingtrackofthebody'senergybudget.Ahealthybalanceoccurswhenweputinaboutasmuchenergyaswelose.Ifweconsistentlyputmoreenergyintoourbodiesthanweburn，theexcesswillgraduallybestoredasfatinourcells，andwellgainweight.Ifwebumoffmoreenergythanwereplenish，wellloseweight.Buthowmanycaloriesdoweactuallyneed？Calorieisjusttheunitweusetomeasuretheenergywetakeinorbum.Caloriesareusedinthreeways：about10%enablesdigestion，about20%fuelsphysicalactivity，andthebiggestpart，around70%，supportsthebasicfunctionsofourorgans.Thatthirdusagecorrespondstoyourbasalmetabolicrate（基础代谢率），anumberofcaloriesyouwouldneedtosurviveifyouweren'teatingormovingaround.Accordingtotheofficialguidelines，averagepersonrequireseachday2000caloriesforwomenand2500formen.Thoseestimatesarebasedonfactorslikeaverageweight，physicalactivityandmusclemass.Sodoesthatmeaneveryoneshouldtakeinaround2000calories？Notnecessarily.Ifyou'redoinganenergyconsumingactivity，likecyclingtheTourdeFrance，yourbodycoulduseupto9000caloriesperdayPregnancyrequiresslightlymorecaloriesthanusual，andelderlypeopletypicallyhaveaslowermetabolicrate，energyisburnedmoregradually，solessisneeded.Andonethingyoushouldalsoknow.Thecaloriecountsonnutritionlabelsmeasurehowmuchenergythefoodcontains，nothowmuchenergyyoucanactuallygetoutofit.Fibrous（纤维的）foodslikeceleryandwholewheattakemoreenergytodigest，soyou'dactuallyabsorblessenergyfrom100calorieservingofcelerythana100calorieservingofpotatochips.Nottomentionthefactthatsomefoodsoffernutrientslikeproteinandvitamins，whileothersprovidefarlessnutritionalvalue.Eatingtoomanyofthosefoodscouldleaveyouoverweightandmalnourished.Andevenwiththeexactsamefood，differentpeoplemightnotgetthesamenumberofcalories.Soacalorieisausefulenergymeasure，buttoworkoutexactlyhowmanyofthemeachofusrequires，weneedtofactorinthingslikeexercise，foodtype，andourbody'sabilitytoprocessenergy.（1）WhatisCalorieaccordingtothepassage？A．Aunitofmeasurementtotheenergypeoplegetorconsume.B．Thefoodpeopleeatanddigest.C．Theunitforpeopletocountweight.D．Thewaypeopletomeasurenutrition.（2）Onecanloseweight，if.A．lessfoodiseatenthanbeforeB．doingexerciseeverydayC．moreenergyisfueledthantakeninD．onekeepsenergybalanced（3）Whichfactistrueaccordingtothepassage？A．Theexcessofcalorieswillgraduallyturnintocells.B．Mostofthecalorieswillhelppeoplewithdigestion.C．Whenstayingstillnocaloriewillbeneeded.D．Thebiggestamountofenergywillgotosupportbodyorgans.（4）Theauthormayagreethat.A．potatochipsarehardtodigestB．thefoodwithmorefiberscanhelpkeepingslimC．thefoodswithproteinandvitaminscouldleaveyouoverweightandmalnourishedD．oldpeople'senergyisgraduallyburningfast（5）Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe.A．CaloriesandDietB．ManyFactorsContributetoCalorieCountC．TheRelevancybetweenCalorieBurningandAgeD．DifferentPeople，DifferentCalorieBurningRate3．Thereissomeunwelcomenewsforstudentspreparingforexamsandofficersputtinginlonghours—youdon'tneedthat"refreshment（提神）break"asmuchasyoumaythink.Scientistsbelieveditwasnoteasyforpeopletocontinuetheirworkiftheyfelttheneedtohaveasnackoraresttomakethemfeelbetter.Theyarguedthattheonlywaytoregainwillpowerisbysupplyingmoreenergytoourbodieswithrest，foodorentertainment.Butpsychologistshavechallengedthistheory，sayingweakwillpowerisinyourhead.Theyfoundthataperson'smindset（理念）andbeliefaboutwillpowerdeterminehowlongandhowwellthey'llbeabletoworkonatoughmentalexercise."Ifyouthinkofwillpowerassomethingthat'slimited，you'remorelikelytobetiredwhenyouperformadifficulttask，"saidProfessorVeronikaJob."Butifyouthinkofwillpowerassomethingthatisnoteasilydepleted，youcangoonandon."TheresearchersledbyMr.Jobdesignedanexperimenttotestthestudents'beliefsaboutwillpower.Afteratiringtaskthosewhobelievedorwereledtobelievethatwillpowerwasalimitedresourceperformedworseonstandardconcentrationteststhanthosewhothoughtofwillpowerassomethingtheyhadmorecontrolover.Mr.Jobsaid，"Studentswhomayalreadyhavetroublestudyingarebeingtoldthattheirpowersofconcentrationarelimited，andtheyneedtotakefrequentbreaks.Butabeliefinwillpowerasanon﹣limitedresourcemakespeoplestrongerintheirabilitytoworkthroughchallenges."Thefindingscouldhelppeoplewhoarebattlingwithtemptation（诱惑）：peoplefollowingstrictdietsanddoingexerciseregularlytoloseweight，peopletryingtoovercomeaddictions，employeesfacingatightdeadline.Willpowerisn'tdrivenbyabiologicallybasedprocessasmuchasweusedtothink.（1）Whatopiniondidscientistshaveinthepast？A．Willpowerwasalimitedresource.B．Itwashardtoregainwillpower.C．Hardworkingpeopleseldomtookbreaks.D．Peoplecouldeasilyfeeltiredwhenworking.（2）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"depleted"inParagraph3？A．Givenup.B．Recovered.C．Usedup.D．Changed.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthefindingsoftheexperiment？A．Studentsbenefitmostfromtheresearch.B．Frequentbreaksarenotgoodforlearning.C．Willpowercanberegainedafterpeoplehaveagoodrest.D．Thebeliefinwillpowercanchangeaman'sbehavior.（4）Whydoestheauthorwritethetext？A．Toexplainthepowerofwillpower.B．Toshowushowtobuildwillpower.C．Totellusthewaysofgainingwillpower.D．Tointroduceanewtheoryonwillpower.4．MichaelJacksonwasontheroadofperformingwhenhewasfiveyearsold.Asisknowntoall，theroadtofameandfortuneisalong，hardone.Michaelremembersthoseearlyyearswhenhewasyoung."Myfatherwasamachineoperator，"heexplained."andheworkedatasteelplant.MymotherworkedatSears，abigdepartmentstore.Buttheywerebothmusicians."Michael'sfatherJoeJacksonrealizedhissonshadalotoftalent，andheknewhecouldtrainthemtobecomefinemusicians.Inthosedaystherewereplentyofmusicgroupsandsomeofthemwereverygood.Heknewifhissonsweretostandout，theywouldhavetobethebest.Practicemakesperfect.AndtheJacksonboyspracticed!Graduallythegrouptookshape.Thenwordofthisgroupbegantogetaround.ThusMichaelgotachancetodosomesolosongs.Inthefollowingyears，Michaelwasalwaysonthetop.OnemillionrecordsofhisweresoldinNewZealand，whichhadonlyatotalpopulationofthreemillion!WhenMichaelwaseighteen，heenteredanotherfieldofhiscareer—acting."Iplantostarinmovies，"hetoldhisfriends."butofcourse，myfirstloveismusic."Michaelwrotealotofhisownsongs."Songscameaboutinthestrangestways，"hesaid."I'lljustwakeupfromsleepingandthereisawholesongcomingintomyhead.AndthenIputitdownonthepaper."Still，withallhissuccess，Michaelmanagedtokeephisheadcalm."Ijustdoadifferentjobfromotherpeople，"hesaid."butitdoesn'tmakemethinkI'mbetterthanotherpeople."Tobequitehonest，hisfansjustlovetohearandwatchhim!（1）Whatcanweknowfromthetext？A．MichaelJackson'sparentsenjoyedmusicalot.B．Michael'smotherworkedinafactorywhenhewasyoung.C．Michael'sfatherspentalotoftimeindrinking.D．Michaelbegantoearnmoneywhenhewasonlyfouryearsold.（2）BeforetheJacksonsbecamewellknown.A．noonewouldliketoheartheirsongsB．theyonlyplayedmusicinthestreetsC．theycouldnotmakemoneyD．theyhadalotofpracticeinmusic（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？A．AllofMichael'ssongswerewrittenbyotherpeople.B．Michaelthinksthatheismuchmorecleverthanothers.C．Michaelbegantoactinfilmswhenhewasfiveyearsold.D．AgreatnumberofNewZealandersboughtarecordofMichael's.（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext？A．HowMr.Jacksontrainedhischildren.B．HowtheJacksonsbecamesuccessful.C．WhyMichaelissopopularallovertheworld.D．HowMichaelbecomessopopularallovertheworld.三．信息匹配（共1小题）5．（2024春•南涧县校级月考）Schoolsconsumealargeamountofenergy，whichhasabadeffectontheenvironment.（1）therearelotsofwaysthatyoucanhelpyourschoolsaveenergy.Lookforsimplechangesyourschoolcanmakeandbandtogetherwithotherstomakeanevenbiggereffect.（2）.Evensomethingassimpleasturningoffthelightswhenyouleavearoomcanhelptosaveenergy.Turnoffthelightsinclassroomsthatarenotbeingusedandinotherareas，suchasemptybathroomsandunoccupiedmulti﹣purposerooms.Usenaturallightwhenthesunisbright.Itmaynotalwaysbenecessaryforyoutohavethelightsoninyourclassroom.Theremaybetimesofdaywhenthesunisespeciallybrightandenoughforwhatyouaredoinginyourclassroom.（3）.Setuparecyclingstationatyourschool.Recyclingisagreatwaytosaveenergybecauseitreducestheneedtoproducenewmaterials.（4），thenaskyourschoolprincipalifyoucansetoneup.Getothersinvolved.（5）.Eitherasanindividualorasateam，youcancreateandputupsignsaroundyourschool.Tryusingsignsthatremindpeopleofthingstheycandotosaveenergyandalsosomesignsthatraiseawarenessofsavingenergy.A.Postsignsaboutconservingenergy.B.Whetheryouareateacherorastudent.C.Ifyourschooldoesnothaveone.D.Turnoffyourcomputerwhenit'snotused.E.Shutdownthelightswhenroomsarenotinuse.F.Othertimesofdayyoumightonlyneedhalfofthelights.G.Ifyourschool'sgarbagecompanyoffersrecyclingservices.四．语法填空（共1小题）6．（2021秋•房山区期末）Myfatherisacarpenterandhehaspassedthatskillontome.HetaughtmehowtoworkwithwoodandmakewooddowhatIwantedittodo.Sofarmyfather（1）（build）dozensofthemostbeautifulpiecesoutofwood.Heismakingapictureframe（2）oneofhisfriendsnow.Hespendshoursonthepiecesofwoodeveryday（3）（make）itperfect.Thatisalsowhatmyfatherhandeddowntome—theattitude（4）hehastowardshiswork.Now，thelossofnaturecarriesahugeeconomiccost.Ifwewanttoresolvetheclimatecrisis，reduceinequality，maintainthewealthofnationsandfeeda（5）（grow）globalpopulation，wemustprotect，restore，andsustainablymanagenature.Itisnolongerenoughforbusinessestobe"lessbad."（6）weneedistobegood，andweneedtomakeupforthedamageorwewillput（7）（we）indanger.Asuper﹣sizedearthpressurebalanceshieldmachine（盾构机）madeinChinaisreadytobeputintouse.Theshieldmachine，（8）（name）"Jinxiu，"rolledofftheproductionlineonSaturday.Thisshieldmachineisthe（9）（large）ofitskindproducedbyChina.Withatotallengthof135metersandaweightof3，000tons，themachine（10）（use）fortheconstructionoftheJinxiuTunnelinthefuture.五．其他阅读题型（共1小题）7．（2024春•天津期中）Milan﹣basedcompanyKrillDesignischangingthewaywethinkaboutwastebycreatingfurnitureproductsfromaplastic﹣likebiomaterialnamedRekrill.Thespecialmaterialisbiodegradable，andcanbeusedrepeatedly.Foundedin2018，Krillusesfruitskin，orangeseedsandcoffeegroundscollectedfrombusinessesinItalytocreatetheiruniquedesigns，includingbookends，clocks，bowls，andlamps.Eachproductismadethroughafour﹣stepprocess."Therearealotofcompaniesthatcreatedesigns，andwewanttobedifferent，"saysMarcoDiMaio，directorofoperationsatKrill.Krillhasworkedtogetherwithsomewell﹣knownbrandsandhasalsojoinedinaCoffeeEraprojectwiththegovernmentofMilantoreducecoffeewasteproducedinthreeofthecity'sneighborhoods.Krillhasmadeproductsthatmatchthecoloroffoodwaste.Forexample，brightorangeproductsarefromorangeskinandrichdarkbrownproductsarefromcoffeegrounds.Rekrillisasstrongaswoodandbreaksdownsafelyunlessit'stouchedbywateroracidity.Itisalsosafeforfishtoeat.Butdespiteitseco﹣friendlybenefits，Rekrillismoreexpensivethancommonplasticduetoitscomplexproductionprocess.However，Krillhopesthatasawarenessoftheenvironmentalimpactofplasticsgrows，Rekrillwillbemorewidelyused.Krillisexploringtheuseofotherfoodwaste，suchaseggshellsandleftovertomatoesandgrapes，aimingtomakeitsproductionprocessmoreefficientandcost﹣effective.ThecompanybelievesRekrillisthematerialofthefuture.Everysmallsteptheytaketowardasustainableworldcontributestoamorerecyclableeconomyandinspiresotherstofollowsuit.（1）HowdoesthecompanyKrillDesignchangethewaypeoplethinkaboutwaste？（nomorethan10words）（2）Howmanystepsdoeseachproductneedbeforeitismade？（nomorethan2words）（3）WhatisthedisadvantageofRekrillcomparedwithcommonplastic？（nomorethan5words）（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph1mean？（nomorethan1word）（5）WhatdoyouthinkofRekrillandexplain？（nomorethan20words）六．书面表达（共2小题）8．（2023秋•永州期末）假定你是LinTao，你校将要举办一场有关"Benefits（益处）ofRunning"的知识讲座。你打算邀请外教Cooper参加。请用英语给他写封电子邮件告知此事，要点如下：1.讲座的地点与时间；2.讲座的主题与内容；3.自我推荐做Cooper的翻译（translator），期待他的参加；4.字数100字左右（包括所有内容，可适当发挥，开头结尾已给出，不计入总字数）DearCooper，_________Yours，LinTao9．（2024•深圳一模）AlexsatquietlyatthebackofhisChineseclass，hiseyesfixedonthetextbookbeforehim.Asashyandunnoticedstudent，hefeltlikealonewolf，strugglingagainstthecomplexitiesofhighschoollife.MsLau，hisChineseteacher，wasalightinhisotherwisedarkworld.Herwarmsmileandgentlebehaviormadeherstandoutamongtheseaofteachers.Shewastheonlyonewhoseemedtounderstandhisconservativenature，alwaysencouraginghimtostepoutofhiscomfortzone.Oneday，afterclass，MsLauapproachedAlexwithexcitementshininginhereyes."Alex，Ihaveanofferforyou，"shesaid，hervoicefilledwithenthusiasm."IamorganizingaculturalexchangeprogramtoChina，andIbelieveitwouldbeagreatopportunityforyoutoexploreanewworld."Alex'sheartskippedabeat，theprospectoftravelingtoaforeigncountrybothexcitingandterrifying.Hehesitated，unsureifhehadthecouragetostartsuchanadventure.ButMsLau'sfirmbeliefinhimgavehimthepushheneededtotakealeapoffaith.UnderMsLau'sguidance，Alexbeganpreparingforthetrip.HegotreallyinterestedinChinesecultureandlearnedaboutitslonghistoryandtraditions.MsLaubecamehismentor（导师），teachinghimnotonlythelanguagebutalsoinvaluablelifelessons.Shetaughthimtheimportanceofbeingconfidentandnotgivingup，remindinghimthatgrowthonlyhappensoutsideone'scomfortzone.Thedayofdeparturearrived，andAlexfoundhimselfonaplaneheadedforChina.Hecouldn'thelpbutfeelamazedashesteppedofftheplaneandintoaworldsodifferentfromhisown.Thebusystreets，brightcolors，andunfamiliarsoundsfloodedhissenses.Yet，MsLau'scomfortingpresencebyhissideprovidedhimwiththestrengthtofacetheunknown.注意：（1）续写词数应为150词左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DuringtheirtimeinChina，Alexwholeheartedlyenjoyedtheexperience.BackintheUnitedStates，Alexwasachangedperson.

2024-2025学年外研社版高二（上）英语寒假作业（十）参考答案与试题解析一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2023秋•盐田区校级期末）MrWuisanEnglishteacher.LastMondayatthebeginningofclass，he（1）Baskedhisstudentshowtheirweekendshadbeen.Onegirlsaidthatshehadspenta（2）Cweekend﹣shehadherwisdomteethpulledoutandtheystillhurt."Whydoyoualwaysseemtobesohappy，MrWu？"sheasked.Thegirl's（3）AremindedMrWuofsomethinghehadreadsomewherebefore."Everymorningwhenyougetup，youhaveachoiceabouthowyouwanttogetclosetolifethatday，"MrWusaidwithasmile."I（4）Dtobecheerful.""Andtodayismyluckyday，"headded."（5）C？"Thewholeclasswerecurious."Thismorning，I（6）Dtoschoolasusual.Ionlyhadtogoanotherkilometerdowntheroadwhenmye﹣bikebrokedown…""Youre﹣bikebrokedownandit'syourluckyday？"Thestudentswere（7）A."Whatdoyoumean，MrWu？""Mye﹣bikebrokedownaquarterbeforeclass，soI（8）Aitontheroadside，tookmybooks，andwalkeddowntheroad.Ittookmetenminutestoarriveatthe（9）B.Iliveeightkilometersaway.Mye﹣bikecouldhavebrokendown（10）Balongtheway.Butitdidn't.（11）C，itbrokedownintheperfectplace﹣offthemainroad，withinwalkingdistanceofhere.I'mstillabletoteachmyclass（12）AI'llbeabletogetitrepairedafterclass.Ifmye﹣bikemustbreakdown（13）C，itcouldn'tbearranged（安排）inabetterway."Thestudents'eyesopenedwide，andthentheysmiled.MrWusmiledback.Somehow，hisstoryhad（14）Bthem.Hewashappythattheyhadaperfectchancetoconsider（15）Dinanewway.（1）A．proudlyB．cheerfullyC．seriouslyD．angrily（2）A．busyB．satisfyingC．terribleD．meaningful（3）A．questionB．suggestionC．decisionD．introduction（4）A．failB．hateC．seemD．choose（5）A．WhoB．WhenC．WhyD．How（6）A．walkedB．ranC．droveD．rode（7）A．surprisedB．boredC．impatientD．nervous（8）A．leftB．checkedC．repairedD．found（9）A．hospitalB．schoolC．parkD．bank（10）A．somewhereB．anywhereC．everywhereD．nowhere（11）A．HoweverB．AlsoC．InsteadD．Otherwise（12）A．andB．butC．soD．or（13）A．yesterdayB．theotherdayC．todayD．tomorrow（14）A．hurtB．touchedC．controlledD．worried（15）A．dreamB．purposeC．wishD．luck【答案】（1）﹣（5）BCADC（6）﹣（10）DAABB（11）﹣（15）CACBD【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章以吴老师自身的经历，说明了当看待问题的角度不同时，"不幸运"也可以变成"幸运"。【解答】（1）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.proudly傲慢地；B.cheerfully愉快地；C.seriously严肃地；D.angrily愤怒地。句意：上周一开始上课时，他愉快地问学生们周末过得怎么样。根据下文"Whydoyoualwaysseemtobesohappy，MrWu？"sheasked.可知吴老师在愉快地问学生问题。故选B.（2）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.busy忙碌的；B.satisfying满意的；C.terrible糟糕的；D.meaningful有意义的。句意：一个女孩说她度过了一个糟糕的周末﹣﹣她拔掉了智齿，但它们仍然很疼。根据下文shehadherwisdomteethpulledoutandtheystillhurt.可知这个女孩认为自己度过了一个糟糕的周末。故选C.（3）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.question问题；B.suggestion建议；C.decision决定；D.introduction介绍。句意：女孩的问题使吴老师想起了他以前在什么地方读到过的东西。根据上文"Whydoyoualwaysseemtobesohappy，MrWu？"sheasked.可知这个女孩问了老师一个问题，女孩的问题使吴老师想起了他以前在什么地方读到过的东西。故选A.（4）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.fail失败；B.hate厌恶；C.seem似乎；D.choose选择。句意：我选择快乐。根据上文youhaveachoiceabouthowyouwanttogetclosetolifethatday（你可以选择你想如何接近那一天的生活）可知这里意思是我选择快乐。故选D.（5）C.考查特殊疑问词及语境理解。A.Who谁；B.When当……时；C.Why为什么；D.How如何。句意："为什么？"全班同学都很好奇。吴老师说今天是自己的幸运日，学生们在好奇地询问原因。故选C.（6）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.walked走路；B.ran跑步；C.drove驾驶；D.rode骑。句意：今天早上，我像往常一样骑车来学校。根据下文Ionlyhadtogoanotherkilometerdowntheroadwhenmye﹣bikebrokedown可知吴老师通常骑电动自行车到学校。故选D.（7）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.surprised感到惊讶的；B.bored无聊的；C.impatient不耐心的；D.nervous紧张的。句意："你的电动自行车坏了，今天还是你的幸运日？"学生们很惊讶。吴老师的电车坏了，却说今天是自己的幸运日，学生们感到很吃惊。故选A.（8）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.left留下；B.checked检查；C.repaired修理；D.found找到。句意：我的电动自行车在上课前一刻坏了，所以我把它留在路边，拿着我的书，沿着路边走。根据andwalkeddowntheroad可知吴老师把电车留在了路边。故选A.（9）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.hospital医院；B.school学校；C.park公园；D.bank银行。句意：我花了十分钟到达学校。根据上文"Thismorning，Itoschoolasusual.Ionlyhadtogoanotherkilometerdowntheroadwhenmye﹣bikebrokedown…"可知吴老师是到学校上课的。故选B.（10）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.somewhere在某处；B.anywhere在任何地方；C.everywhere到处；D.nowhere无处。句意：我的电动自行车在路上的任何地方都可能坏掉。根据下文Butitdidn't.，itbrokedownintheperfectplace﹣offthemainroad，withinwalkingdistanceofhere.可知这里意思是我的电动自行车在路上的任何地方都可能坏掉。故选B.（11）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.However然而；B.Also也；C.Instead反而；D.Otherwise否则。句意：反而，它是在一个完美的地方坏了。上文说"我的电动自行车在路上的任何地方都可能坏掉"，下文说"它是在一个完美的地方坏了"，这里表示"反而，取而代之"的意思。故选C.（12）A.考查连词及语境理解。A.and并且；B.but但是；C.so所以；D.or或者。句意：我仍然能上课，并且下课后还能把它修好。"我仍然能上课"和"下课后还能把它修好"之间是并列关系。故选A.（13）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.yesterday昨天；B.theotherday几天以前；C.today今天；D.tomorrow明天。句意：如果我的电动自行车今天一定要坏，那它不能被安排得更好了。根据上文"Thismorning，Itoschoolasusual.Ionlyhadtogoanotherkilometerdowntheroadwhenmye﹣bikebrokedown…"可知吴老师的电车今天坏了，所以这里意思是如果我的电动自行车今天一定要坏。故选C.（14）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.hurt伤害；B.touched感动；C.controlled控制；D.worried担心。句意：他的故事以某种方式打动了他们。根据上文Thestudents'eyesopenedwide，andthentheysmiled.可知吴老师的话让学生们深受感动。故选B.（15）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.dream梦想；B.purpose目的；C.wish愿望；D.luck幸运。句意：他很高兴他们有一个完美的机会以一种新的方式来考虑幸运。吴老师在上班的路上，电车坏了，但是吴老师却认为这是自己的幸运日，吴老师以一种新的方式诠释了幸运，学生们也深受启发，所以这里意思是他很高兴他们有一个完美的机会以一种新的方式来考虑幸运。故选D.【点评】做题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤．通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。完形填空题不同于单项填空题，单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子，根据设空句或前后语境就可以选出答案。而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，答案的选择要联系整段或整篇文章。切勿为了省时而边看边填；否则，只会欲速则不达。许多地方看不下去，选择时或不解其意，或似懂非懂，从而举棋不定，这样不仅错误率高，而且费时费力。二．阅读理解（共3小题）2．（2024春•静海区校级月考）Caloriesareawayofkeepingtrackofthebody'senergybudget.Ahealthybalanceoccurswhenweputinaboutasmuchenergyaswelose.Ifweconsistentlyputmoreenergyintoourbodiesthanweburn，theexcesswillgraduallybestoredasfatinourcells，andwellgainweight.Ifwebumoffmoreenergythanwereplenish，wellloseweight.Buthowmanycaloriesdoweactuallyneed？Calorieisjusttheunitweusetomeasuretheenergywetakeinorbum.Caloriesareusedinthreeways：about10%enablesdigestion，about20%fuelsphysicalactivity，andthebiggestpart，around70%，supportsthebasicfunctionsofourorgans.Thatthirdusagecorrespondstoyourbasalmetabolicrate（基础代谢率），anumberofcaloriesyouwouldneedtosurviveifyouweren'teatingormovingaround.Accordingtotheofficialguidelines，averagepersonrequireseachday2000caloriesforwomenand2500formen.Thoseestimatesarebasedonfactorslikeaverageweight，physicalactivityandmusclemass.Sodoesthatmeaneveryoneshouldtakeinaround2000calories？Notnecessarily.Ifyou'redoinganenergyconsumingactivity，likecyclingtheTourdeFrance，yourbodycoulduseupto9000caloriesperdayPregnancyrequiresslightlymorecaloriesthanusual，andelderlypeopletypicallyhaveaslowermetabolicrate，energyisburnedmoregradually，solessisneeded.Andonethingyoushouldalsoknow.Thecaloriecountsonnutritionlabelsmeasurehowmuchenergythefoodcontains，nothowmuchenergyyoucanactuallygetoutofit.Fibrous（纤维的）foodslikeceleryandwholewheattakemoreenergytodigest，soyou'dactuallyabsorblessenergyfrom100calorieservingofcelerythana100calorieservingofpotatochips.Nottomentionthefactthatsomefoodsoffernutrientslikeproteinandvitamins，whileothersprovidefarlessnutritionalvalue.Eatingtoomanyofthosefoodscouldleaveyouoverweightandmalnourished.Andevenwiththeexactsamefood，differentpeoplemightnotgetthesamenumberofcalories.Soacalorieisausefulenergymeasure，buttoworkoutexactlyhowmanyofthemeachofusrequires，weneedtofactorinthingslikeexercise，foodtype，andourbody'sabilitytoprocessenergy.（1）WhatisCalorieaccordingtothepassage？AA．Aunitofmeasurementtotheenergypeoplegetorconsume.B．Thefoodpeopleeatanddigest.C．Theunitforpeopletocountweight.D．Thewaypeopletomeasurenutrition.（2）Onecanloseweight，ifC.A．lessfoodiseatenthanbeforeB．doingexerciseeverydayC．moreenergyisfueledthantakeninD．onekeepsenergybalanced（3）Whichfactistrueaccordingtothepassage？DA．Theexcessofcalorieswillgraduallyturnintocells.B．Mostofthecalorieswillhelppeoplewithdigestion.C．Whenstayingstillnocaloriewillbeneeded.D．Thebiggestamountofenergywillgotosupportbodyorgans.（4）TheauthormayagreethatB.A．potatochipsarehardtodigestB．thefoodwithmorefiberscanhelpkeepingslimC．thefoodswithproteinandvitaminscouldleaveyouoverweightandmalnourishedD．oldpeople'senergyisgraduallyburningfast（5）ThebesttitleofthispassageshouldbeB.A．CaloriesandDietB．ManyFactorsContributetoCalorieCountC．TheRelevancybetweenCalorieBurningandAgeD．DifferentPeople，DifferentCalorieBurningRate【答案】见试题解答内容【分析】减肥是现代人时常挂在嘴边的话题。相信不少人都曾经站在便利商店的走道里仔细地研究手上的巧克力到底有多少大卡。但究竟什么是卡路里？而我们的身体又是如何代谢我们吃进身体里的热量呢？本文向读者介绍卡路里是用来衡量我们摄入或燃烧的能量的单位。【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。根据原文第一段"Calorieisjusttheunitweusetomeasuretheenergywetakeinorbum.卡路里只是我们用来衡量我们摄入或燃烧的能量的单位。"根据这篇文章可知，卡路里是测量人们获得或消耗的能量的单位。故选A.（2）C.推理判断题。根据原文第一段"Ifwebumoffmoreenergythanwereplenish，wellloseweight.如果我们消耗的能量多于补充的能量，那我们就减肥吧。"可知消耗的能量比吸收的能量多就可以减肥。故选C.（3）D.细节理解题。根据原文第二段"Caloriesareusedinthreeways：about10%enablesdigestion，about20%fuelsphysicalactivity，andthebiggestpart，around70%，supportsthebasicfunctionsofourorgans.热量的使用有三种方式：大约10%的热量用于消化，大约20%的热量用于体力活动，最大的部分大约70%用于支持我们器官的基本功能。"可知根据文章正确的是最大的能量将用于支持身体器官。故选D.（4）B.观点态度