专题21 8AU5-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）

8AU5-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）过单词短语过单词短语1.Wouldyouliketoliveinthewild，Eddie?你想住在野外吗，埃迪？(P56)wild在此用作___名词____词，意思是_野外____。inthewild意为“在野外”【拓展】wild还可用作形容词，意为“野生的”，一般作定语修饰名词；也可跟在连系动词后面作表语。标注：wild在此用作名词，意为“野生”，inthewild意为“在自然环境下；在野外”。【典例讲解】例1.FewgiantpandascansurviveinthewildeveninChina.例2.Weshouldn'thuntwildanimalsforfood.例3.Theserosesarewild。【巩固练习】这条河里有许多野生植物。Therearelotsof_______intheriver.【答案】wildplants2.Couldyoupleasenoteatthem?请你不要吃它们好吗？(P56)“Couldyouplease(not)dosth.?”的意思是请你（不要）做某事。标注：“Couldyouplease(not)dosth.?”的意思是“请你（不）做某事好吗？”。【典例讲解】Couldyoupleaselookitupinthedictionary?【巩固练习】请你不要呆在这儿好吗？Couldyou____here?【答案】pleasenotstay3.Imaydiewithoutthem．没有它们我也许会死的。(P56)1.【拓展】dievi.→dead→dyingadj.→deathn.2.【辨析】dieof与diefrom的区别：dieof指死于外因原因；diefrom指死于内因。3.without是介词，后加动词ing。标注：dievi.死→deadadj.死的→dyingadj.快死的→deathn.死亡。dieof指死于疾病、衰老等自身的原因；diefrom指死于地震、交通事故、雷击等外部原因；死于饮酒、受伤、劳累过度、饥饿、饥寒等两者皆可。without是介词，意为“没有”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。【典例讲解】例1.Idon’tthinkhewilldie.我认为他不会死。例2.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.无风不起浪。【巩固练习】1.用die,dead,dying或death填空：①Theman_______intheaccident.Hissudden_______madehisfamilyverysad.②Twowomenwereintheroomwhenthefirehappened.Onewas_______andtheotherwas_______andthedoctorwastryingtosaveher.【答案】dieddeathdeaddying4.They'rethekingsoftheanimalworld。它们是动物世界之王。(P57)thekingsof的意思是“……之王”。【典例讲解】例.Tigeristhekingoftheforest.5.Thismeans“hope”。它的意思是“希望”。(P58)1.mean可以用作及物动词，意为“意思指什么”。2.【拓展】meaning是名词，意思是“意思；含义”。themeaningof…意思是“。。。的含义”。Itmeans“hope”.＝Itsmeaningis“hope”.6.Atfourmonthsold,sheweighedabouteightkilogramsandstartedtogooutsideforthefirsttime.在4个月大时，她大约8公斤重，并开始首次外出。(P58)1.atfourmonthsold的意思是“在4个月大时”，在本句中作时间状语。“at＋年龄”的意思是“在几岁的时候”，相当于“attheageof”和“whensbwas+年龄”。其中介词at表示的是时间点，意思是指到四个月这个时间前后；而infourmonths则表示“四个月后”，指的是整个时间段。2.forthefirsttime第一次【典例讲解】例1.Helearnedtoswimateightyearsold.他在8岁时学会游泳。＝Helearnedtoswimwhenhewaseightyearsold.＝Helearnedtoswimattheageofeight.例2.We’regoingonaschooltripforthefirsttime.例3.WhenanAmericanwomanmeetssomeoneforthefirsttime,shemayofferherhand.7.Eightmonthslater,shewasnotasmallbabyanymoreandweighedover35kilograms.)八个月以后，她不再是一只幼熊猫，而且体重已超过35公斤。(P58)例1.TheyleftChinaafteraweek.＝Aweeklater,theyleftChina.他们一周以后离开了中国。例2.Threedayslater,IwillleaveforNanjing.＝IwillleaveforNanjinginthreedays.我将在三天以后去南京。【巩固练习】1.HeisinEnglandnow.Twoyearslater,he_______(come)toChina.2.I_______(meet)heratthebusstopinanhour.3.Afterayearsthey_______(see)eachotheragain.【答案】1.willcome2.willmeet3.saw8.However,thebambooforestsarebecomingsmallerandsmaller.然而，竹林变得越来越少。(P58)smallerandsmaller的意思是“越来越小”。表示“越来越……”常用两种方法表示。①moreandmore+形容词原级。②形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级。9.Weshouldtakeactionrightaway.我们应该立即采取措施。（P58)takeactiontodosth.的意思是“采取行动做某事”，其中的action是不可数名词。【典例讲解】例1.It’stimetotakeaction．例2.Iwilltakeactionstohelpothers.10.Ifwedonothing,soontheremaybenoneleft!如果我们什么也不做，也许很快一只（大熊猫）都不剩！（P58)1.none:①可与of连用；②谓语动词用单数、复数皆可；③具体指没有人或物；④一般用来回答howmany＋n【典例讲解】例1.Noneofushave/hasseenhim.我们中没有人见过他。例2.--Howmanystudentsarethereintheroom?房间里有多少学生？--None.一个也没有。例3.--Isthereanywaterinthebottle?瓶子里有水吗？--None.没有。例4.--Howmuchmoneydoyouhaveonyou?你身上有多少钱？--None.一分也没有。【巩固练习】Iwantsomecoffee,butthereis_______inthepot.A.nooneB.somethingC.noneD.Nothing【答案】C2.nothing:①指物；②谓语用单数；③一般用来回答含anything的一般疑问句及what引导的特殊疑问句。【典例讲解】例1.--Whatisinthebox?盒子里有什么？--Nothing.什么也没有。例2.--Isthereanythinginthesky?天上有什么吗？--Nothing.什么也没有。例3.--Canyouseeanythingwithoutglasses?不戴眼镜你能看见什么吗？--Nothing.什么也看不见。【巩固练习】()--Whatelsedoyouneedforyourtrip?--_______else.I'vepackedeverything.A.NothingB.AnythingC.NoneD.Something【答案】A3.noone＝nobody，只指人，意为“没有人”，不能指物，语气比none强，后面不能接of构成的短语。noone作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数【典例讲解】例.Noone/Nobodylikesapersonwithbadmanners.没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。4.用于简略回答时，none用来回答Howmany…或Howmuch…问句以及含“any(one)of＋名词”构成的一般疑问句；noone／nobody用来回答Who…问句及含anyone/anybody构成的一般疑问句。【典例讲解】例1.--Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?瓶子里有多少水？--None.一点也没有。例2.--Whowillgototheparty?谁将去参加聚会？--Noone/Nobody.没有人。11.However,wedobelievethatwherethereisXiWang,thereishope.然而，我们确信哪里有“希望”，哪里就有希望。（P58)①however与but两者都作“但是，然而”讲，however则必须用逗号与句子其他部分隔开：位于句首时，要用逗号与句子其他部分隔开；位于句中时，其前后都要用逗号；位于句末时，其前用逗号隔开。②do放在believe的前面为强调用法.英语中，可在动词原形前加上do，does或did表示强调，翻译成汉语时译作“的确，确实”。【典例讲解】例1.Hedoeslikeyourschool.例2.IdidgototheparklastSunday.12.Batscan’tsee,buttheycandecidetoflytherightwaywiththehelpoftheirmouthandears.（P62)蝙蝠看不见，但是在它们的嘴和耳朵的帮助下它们能决定正确的飞行路线。【拓展】withthehelpofsb.＝withone'shelp在某人的帮助下【典例讲解】例.IarrivedinShanghaiontimewiththehelpofthem／withtheirhelp.在他们的帮助下，我按时到达了上海。【巩固练习】Withtheteacher'shelp,Icanworkitout.____________________________theteacher,Icanworkitout.【答案】Withthehelpof13.fewerandfewerlivingareas越来越少的生存区域（P64)fewerandfewer意为“越来越少……”，修饰可数名词，不能修饰不可数名词，修饰不可数名词用lessandless。【典例讲解】例.fewerandfewermistakes越来越少的错误lessandlessbread越来越少的面包14.Iamsorrytohearthat．听说这件事我感到很难过／遗憾。(P64)此句中的that不可改为it，因为该句为习惯用语，不可随意改换。【典例讲解】例.--LiMingisi11inhospital.李明生病住院了。--Iamsorrytohearthat.听说此事我感到很难过。【巩固练习】()--Motherisill.Ihavetolookafterher.--_______.A.WhatapityB.ThankyouC.IamsorrytohearthatD.Nothingserious【答案】C15.Whatashame!真遗憾！(P64)“Whatashame!”意为“真可惜！真遗憾！真丢人！”，不可以改为以how开头的感叹句，因为how后接形容词或副词，而本句中没有出现形容词或副词。【典例讲解】例.Whatashame!Whydidyougetupsolate?真丢人！你为什么那么晚才起床？【巩固练习】()--Igota“C”intheEnglishtest.--_______Youmusttryhardernexttime.A.Iamsorry.B.Whatashame!C.That'sOK.D.Allright.【答案】B16.Otherwise,theremaybenobearsleftintheworld.否则，世界上可能就没有熊了。(P67)1.otherwiseadv.要不然，否则。【典例讲解】Getupearly.Otherwise,youwillbelate.早点起床。否则，你会迟到的。2.therebe…left的意思是“有……剩下”。【典例讲解】例.Thereisnothingleftinthebag.包里什么也不剩。过语法过语法1.may,can,could的用法can,could的用法【辨析】1.表能力，意为“能、会”。2.表怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。3.表请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may.4.could是can的过去式，可以表示过去的能力。【典例讲解】例1.Canyouplaybasketball?你会打篮球吗？例2.Hecan’tbeintheroom.他不可能在房间里。例3.Youcan(may)gonow.你现在可以走了。例4.IcanswimwhenIwassevenyearsold.我七岁时就会游泳。【巩固练习】--CouldIgotothemoviethisweekend,Dad?--Yes,you______.Butyouhavetocomebackbeforenine.A.shallB.mustC.needD.can【答案】D2.may的用法【拓展】1.表推测，意为“可能，也许”，用于肯定句中。2.表请求、许可，意为“可以”。注意：may表请求，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t,不用maynot,意为“不可以，不允许，禁止”。3.can和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。may的基本用法就是表示请求时的“可以”和猜测时的“可能”，但要再次强调may表示猜测时是可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外，may引起的一般疑问句，其回答需要注意：肯定回答可以使用may或者can都可以，但否定回答则不能用maynot,只能用can’t或者mustn’t.【典例讲解】例1.Hemaycometomorrow.他明天可能会来。例2.MayIborrowyourbook?我可以借用你的书吗？例3.--MayIgonow?我现在可以走了么？--No,youmustn’t.不，不可以。【巩固练习】--_____Itakethenewspaperaway?--No,youmustn’t.You_____readitonlyhere.A.Must,canB.May,canC.Need,mustD.Must,must【答案】B3.动词不定式的用法动词不定式作宾语一些动词，如want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare,等，常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。应注意有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但所表达的意义不同。【拓展】常见的有：（1）stoptodosth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事（2）goontodosth.做完一件事后，继续做另一件事；goondoingsth.继续做同一件事（3）remember/forgettodosth.记住／忘记去做某事；remember/forgetdoingsth.记得／忘记做过某事有一些动词后面后面是省略to的情况，如see,watch,lookat,hear,make,let,help等。常考词组：expecttodo期望做refusetodo拒绝做plantodo计划做decidetodo决定做agreetodo同意做learntodo学会做hopetodo希望做preparetodo准备做wanttodo想做choosetodo选择做waittodo等待做wishtodo希望做【典例讲解】例1.I’mtired.Let’sstoptohavearest.我累了，让我们停下来休息一下吧。例2.It’stimeforclass.Stoptalking.上课了，别说话了。例3.Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.离开房间时，别忘了关上灯。例4.Iforgottellingyouthatbefore.我忘记以前告诉过你这件事了。例5.WemustremembertoturnofftheTV.我们一定要记住关上电视。例6.Irememberedsendingyousomestamps.我记得给你寄了邮票了。

【巩固练习】用所给动词的适当形式填空1.WhenIsawJimonmywayhome,Istopped_______(talk)withhim.2.Iforgot_______(tell)himaboutitandtoldhimagain.3.Youcanaskthatstrongman_______(help)you_______(move)thebigstone.4.Whotoldyou_______(do)this?5.Marydecided_______(do)herhomeworkassoonasshegothome.6.Doyouplan_______(take)Lindaoutforawalkaftersupper?【答案】1.totalk2.telling3.tohelp,move4.todo5.todo6.totake7.Heseemsveryworried.Maybeheforgets__________(bring)hishomeworkhere.【答案】tobring8.Howmuchdoweneed__________(feed)thepandaaday?【答案】tofeed9.Thisismyfirsttime__________(see)ababypanda.It’scute.【答案】tosee10.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurther.Let’sstop__________(have)arest.【答案】tohave11.Canyoutellmewhere__________(buy)suchagoodhat?【答案】tobuy重难点训练重难点训练一、单词拼写1.Youneversee__________(狼)inapark.Doyouknowwhy?【答案】wolves2.Howmanykindsof__________(蜜蜂)arethereinthewild?【答案】bees3.Mylittledog's__________(weigh)istwokilograms.【答案】weight4.Whata__________（遗憾；同情）!Wemissedthewonderfulmatch.【答案】pity5.Someanimalsaregoodat__________(protect)theirbabiesinthewild.【答案】protecting6.Jackdidn’tgotoschoolbecauseofhisi__________.【答案】illness7.Didourgovernmentmake__________(法律)tomakepeopleliveinanorderlymanner?【答案】laws8.The__________(weigh)ofEddieis15kilogramsnow.Howheavyheis!【答案】weight9.Atthe__________(begin)ofthe21stcentury,manyyoungpeoplelikedwearingjeans.【答案】beginning10.Amothergiantpanda__________(die)intheworld.Whatapity!【答案】died11.Giantpandasarein__________(dangerous).【答案】danger13.Wewanttoseesquirrelsinthesea,butthereis__________(没有）.【答案】none14.Babytigerslearnhow__________(catch)otheranimals.【答案】tocatch二、阅读理解ATherearemanycoloursinnature.Butdoyouknowthatacolourhasweight?Ithinkyou’llsay“no”.ButIamafraidyouarewrong.Ifyoudon’tbelieve,youmaydoasmallexperiment(实验).First,puttwoobjectswiththesameweightintotwoboxes.Thencovertheboxes.Wrap(包裹)oneboxwitharedpieceofpaper,theotherwithawhitepieceofpaper.Nowholdtheboxeswithyourhandonebyone.Itiscertainthatyouwillthinktheredoneisalittleheavier.Whydoesithappen?Ascientistfoundthatdifferentcolourshavedifferentweightinaman’smind.Sohedidmanytestsandatlasthegottheresult.Thatistosay,everycolourhasitsownweightinourmind.Theheaviestcolourisred,thenblue,green,.orange,yellowandwhite.Thescientiststoldusthatcoloursalsohavesmell.Canyousmellthecolour?OfcoursenotThenwhydidthescientistssayso?Thatisbecauseeverycolourrepresentsakindoflightwave(光波)------acertainwavelength(波长).Itreachesourbrain(大脑)throughorgans(感觉器官)Accordingtothisdiscovery,scientistssaythatpeopleacceptthecolourtheylike,andrefusethecolourtheyhate.Soyourbodyandmindwillbehealthybyusingthecoloursyoulike.Oryou’llbenervousorevengetill.Ifyoustayinaroomwithredwindows,wallpapersandfurniture(家具)fortwohours,you’llfeelyouhavebeenthereforfourhours.Butiftheroomisblue,you’llfeelyouhavebeenthereforonlyonehour.Anotherexample,ifapersonwalksoutofaredroomandintoablueroom,histemperaturewillfall.Thatmeansourbodytemperaturewillchangewhenweseedifferentcolors.1.Whichisthelightestcolorinaman’smind?A.RedB.BlueC.GreenD.White2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Differentcolorshavedifferentweightsinaman’smind.B.Thecolor“blue”isthesecondheaviestcolorinaman’smind.C.Peoplecan’tsmellthecolors.D.Thecoloryoudon’tlikewillkeepyouhealthy.3.Whatwillhappenwhenyougetintoacoolcoloredroomfromawarmcoloredroom?A.Youwillfeelexcited.B.Youwillbehappyandcontented.C.Yourtemperaturewillfall.D.Youwillbenervous.4.Accordingtothepassage,howlongwillyoufeelifyoustayinaredroomforanhour?A.Twohours.B.FourshoursC.SixhoursD.Eighthours.【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.ABLet’strydoingthefollowingexperiment.Whattodo：Usestringtohangapapercliporothersmallobjectataboutchest（胸部）level.Pickupastick，suchasabroomhandle.Takethreeorfourstepsawayfromthepaperclip.Nowcloseoneeyeandwalktowardthepaperclip.Trytotouchitwiththetipofthestick.Ifyoumiss，tryagain，stillkeepingoneeyeclosed.Nowtryitwithbotheyesopenandseeifit’seasiertodo.Howitworks：Intheexperiment，youhavetojudgehowfarawaythepaperclipis.Yourbrainhasseveralwaysofdoingthis.Onesimplewaydependsonhowmuchyoureyehastofocus（聚焦）itself.Usingonlyoneeye，mostpeoplewillfinditdifficulttotouchthepapercliponthefirsttry，butthebrainstillgetssomeinformationaboutdistance—thoughnotmuch.Yourbraincanjudgedistancemuchbetterwhenyoulookatsomethingwithbotheyes.Infact，yourbrainhasmorethanonewaytousebotheyesinjudgingdistance.Forexample，toseeanythingclearly，youhavetomakebothofyoureyespointattheobject.Whenyoulookatanearbyobject，youreyesturninward.Youcanfeelthishappeningifyoulookatthetipofyourfingerandmoveyourfingertowardyournose.Yourbraingetsinformationfromtheeyesabouthowmuchtheyarepointingtowardeachother.Usingthatinformation，thebraincantellhowfarawayanyobjectis，whetheritisabasketballorapaperclip.1.Howmanymaterialsdoweneedatleasttodotheexperiment？A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five2.Thepassageismainlyaboutthatwitheyesourbraincanjudge.A.howbiganobjectisB.howhighanobjectisC.howfarawayanobjectisD.howmuchinformationanobjectis3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Ourbrainjudgesdistanceinonewaywhenweusebotheyes.B.Ourbraincannotjudgethedistanceofasmallobjectbutabigone.C.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethesizeofanobject.D.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethedistanceofanobject.4.Fromtheexperimentwecaninfer（推断）.A.withoneeyewecanseeanobjectasclearlyasweusetwoeyesB.oureyesturntowardstheinsidewhenwelookatanobjectverynearC.within3or4steps，theneareranobjectis，themoreclearlywecanseeitD.ourbraincanhardlygetanyinformationaboutdistancewhenweuseoneeye【答案】1.B2.D3.BCFormanyyearsscientistshavesaidthattheearthisgettingwarmer.Nowtheyhavefoundsomethingnew-hotcities!InthesouthernUS,theyhavefoundthatcitiesbecomeveryhotinsummer.Forexample,thecityofAtlantainGeorgiahasrooftemperatureofupto50℃whileitis27℃inthestreets!Atnight,theoutsideofbuildingsstayssohotthattheheatofthecitycausesstormsoverthecity!Chinaalsohasthesamekindofproblems.Everyyearmorefarmlandisusedforfactoriesoroffices.Morehousingisneeded,too.Aspeoplebecomericher,theybuymorecars.Newroadsareneededandnewcarparksarebuiltinthecitycenters.Thisallmakescitieshotter.Itisn’teasytochangethesituation.Cityplannerssaythatweshouldplantmoretreesinthemiddleofcities.Everynewstreetshouldhavetreesonbothsides,theysay.Treesmakethetemperaturelower,soweshouldhavemoretreesinourparksandsquares.Weshouldalsopaintourroofswhite.Ifwedothis,theydonotbecomesohot.Everyroofinahotandsunnycountryshouldhavesolarroofpanels.Theelectricityfromthes